Chii chaunoziva nezveNeptune? Pamwe ndiyo yakava puraneti yekupedzisira mu solar system, yechisere, mushure mekunge zvabvumiranwa kuti Pluto inofanira kuverengerwa patsva seimwe yemapuraneti madiki, asi hunhu hwaNeptune hwakawanda uye hunonakidza.
Neptune
Pakati pehunhu hwaNeptune, tinoona kuti ndiyo nyika yechina pakukura mu solar system nehukuru hwayo asi yechisere kana tichitarisa daro rayo kubva kuzuva. Nzvimbo yayo itsva yakakosha zvikuru nekuti, kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, chero chinhu chekudenga chiri mhiri kweNeptune chinonzi trans-Neptunian object kana kuti trans-Neptunian body.
Kuvhurwa kweNeptune kwaive budiriro huru muruzivo rwenyeredzi rwemasvomhu. Yaiva nyanzvi yenyeredzi yekuFrance Urbain Le Verrier yakakwanisa kuverenga kuvapo nenzvimbo yepasi idzva muna 1846, zvese nechinangwa chekukwanisa kutsanangura kutsauka kwakaonekwa mukutenderera kwepasi Uranus.
Zvadaro, Johann Gottfried akakwanisa kuwana pasi ratiri kureva pa 1º kubva panzvimbo iyoyo, iyo yaigonawo kuverengwa nenyanzvi yemasvomhu yakaberekerwa kuBritain John Couch Adams, asi, zvinosuruvarisa, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzeBritain dzakave nekumhanya kwaidiwa panguva kuita kuti zvawawana zvizivikanwe.
Kufanana kwaUranus
Kana tichitaura nezveruzivo nezveNeptune , inoonekwa seimwe yeUranus mbiri. Pasi rino rakakura ka57 kupfuura Pasi. Rinotenderera nekukurumidza; zvekuti zuva rimwe chete paNeptune rinongotora maawa gumi nematanhatu nemaminitsi manomwe chete, asi gore rimwe chete papasi rinotora makore angangoita 165 ePasi. Izvi zvaireva kuti Neptune yakapedza kutenderera kwayo kwekutanga kubva payakawanikwa muna 1846 kusvika muna 2011. Avhareji yedaro rayo kubva kuZuva inosvika makiromita mabhiriyoni mana nehafu.
Sezviri muUranus, pakati pehunhu hweNeptune ndechekuti ine mhepo inoumbwa nehelium, methane nehydrogen. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti musimboti wayo unogona kunge une matombo uye inoita kunge ine ice mukati. Kunyange zvazvo iine mhepo inotonhora zvikuru, pasi rino riri kure rinoratidza mhepo ine simba zvikuru uye madutu ane simba zvikuru. Voyager 2 probe yakakwanisa kutora mufananidzo umo nzvimbo ine vhoriyamu yePasi yaigona kuonekwa, iyo yainzi Great Dark Spot.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha paNeptune ndechekuti tembiricha yayo yakaderera zvikuru, inosvika -260°C. Ine makore emethane yakaomeswa nechando anokurumidza kufamba. Bhora guru iri rechando rine madenderedzwa matete mashanu, anonzi Galle, Le Verrier, naAdams, pamwe chete nevamwe vaviri vakatumidzwa mazita evanhu vakabatsira mukuwanikwa kwenyika.
Iyo ine mwedzi gumi nemitatu inozivikanwa, yakakura kwazvo, uye nekure mamwe ese, ndiTriton. Iyi imhando yenyika ine chando, iyo yakakura kupfuura Pluto. Isetiraiti inotonhora zvakanyanya, ndosaka mamiriro ayo ari nyore akaomeswa nechando pamusoro payo.
Imwe nyika ine mwedzi yakawanda iUranus, iyo ine 27. Triton ine nhamba huru yemhepo inoputika yechando inokwanisa kuburitsa guruva negasi. Imwe yemhando yeTriton ndeyekuti inofamba ichienda kune rumwe rutivi, ndiko kuti, inofamba kubva kumabvazuva ichienda kumadokero, ichipoterera Neptune. Chikonzero cheizvi chinogona kunge chiri chekuti yakavharirwa nekuda kwekukweva kwepasi rekupedzisira rino kwenguva refu. Pamwedzi yese yeNeptune, Triton chete ndiyo yakaita denderedzwa uye ine radius inopfuura makiromita 1000.
Triton ine dhayamita yemakiromita 2.710 uye, nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, ndiyo yaive satellite yekutanga kuwanikwa, mazuva gumi nemanomwe chete mushure mepasi payo. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo, Triton ndiyo satellite yechinomwe pakukura mu solar system, uye zvingangodaro kuti yaimbova puraneti diki yakazopedzisira yabatwa mu orbit yakatenderedza Neptune.
Chimwe chechokwadi icho chidzidzo ichi chakavakirwa pazviri ndechekuti Triton ndiwo chete mwedzi unozivikanwa unoita mafambiro ayo ekufamba uchitenderedza pasi rayo richienda kune rimwe divi kune iro iro nyika inotenderera.
Nereida ndiyo mwedzi wechipiri weNeptune wakawanikwa, muna 1949. Gare gare, muna 1981, Larisa, iyo mwedzi wechitatu, Larisa, yakawanikwa. Nekuda kwezviitiko zveVoyager 2 probe, iyo yakakwanisa kubhururuka pamusoro peNeptune muna 1989, zvakakwanisika kuwana mamwe masatellite mashanu. Mamwe ese masatellite akaonekwa pachishandiswa teresikopu kubva kuPasi.
Hunhu hweNeptune
Chikonzero nei Neptune ichizivikanwa senyika ine ruvara rwakafanana negungwa haisi masanga. Sezvakaita Uranus, iyo yakapenya kwazvo bluish ruvara chigadzirwa chehuwandu hukuru hwemethane mumhepo yayo.
Kana isu tine hanya kugadzira runyoro rwekutanga maficha eNeptune, isu tichawana zvinotevera:
- Kureba: 49.572 km
- Huremu: 1,024 x 1026 kg
- Vhoriyamu: 6,254×1013km3
- Density: 1,64kg/m3
Uyezve, pakati pehunhu hweNeptune pane mukurumbira wayo wekuva nemhepo dzinoshamisa. Kana uchida kusangana nemhepo ine simba muSolar System, saka unofanirwa kuenda kuNeptune. Mhepo zhinji idzi dzinovhuvhuta dzichienda kune imwe nzira yadzinotenderera nayo, uye kutenderedza nzvimbo inonzi Great Dark Spot, mhepo dzinomhanya 2.000 km/awa dzakayerwa.
Magnetic field yeNeptune yakarereka pamadhigirii makumi mana nemanomwe uye iri makiromita angangoita 47 kubva panzvimbo yayo chaiyo. Rudzi urwu rwekutarisa runogona kunge rwuri nekuda kwekubuda kubva mukati mayo kwete kurereka kwepasi pacharo.
Pakutanga takakwanisa kukuudza nezve density yeNeptune. Zvisinei, pasi rakanyanya kuoma mugadziriro yezuva nderedu. Nechikonzero ichocho, Nyika iri pamusoro perondedzero yemapuraneti akakora.
Zvishuvo zvepasi Neptune
Iyo imwe hofori yechando izere nezvakavanzika zvatinoda kukurukura mune ino post iwe, saka tinokukoka iwe kuti ufambe nesu kune zvakasikwa. Chimwe chazvo ndechekuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti madonhwe emvura paNeptune akakura mukukura, angave saizi yemabhora enhabvu.
Humwe hunhu hweNeptune ihwo hunogona kukonzerwa nekuti mhepo yepasi pano ine methane yakapetwa makumi maviri pane yeJupiter neSaturn. Imwe fungidziro ndeyekuti mukati meNeptune makagadzirwa nedhaimondi. Mhepo yeNeptune yakafukidzwa nechakavanzika, hongu, asi chokwadi ndechekuti chikamu chayo chemukati chakatonyanya kudaro.
Pane fungidziro yekuti pasi pemhepo yehydrogen nehelium, mubhedha wemvura unogona kuwanikwa unoumbwa nezvinhu izvi uye maaizi akasiyana-siyana, uye pazasi payo inotevera musimboti wakaumbwa nechando nedombo. Kunyangwe zvisingaite kutaura nechokwadi chakakwana, jasi reNeptune rinogona kunge rizere nemadhaimondi makuru.
Kunyangwe chimwe chehunhu hweNeptune ndechekuti iri kure zvakanyanya kubva kuZuva kupfuura Uranus uye inongokwanisa kugamuchira 5% yesimba rezuva iro iro nyika Jupiter inogona kutora, pamusoro penyika ino, iyo ine ruvara pachayo kubva kugungwa. , inokwanisa kusvika panenge tembiricha yakafanana neyeUranus.
Chakavanzika chikuru ndechekuti mhepo yaro haina kumira kudziya mumakore makumi maviri apfuura, kunyangwe panguva iyoyo pasi raive kure neZuva mukutenderera kwaro. Mercury ipuraneti inopisa, ine tembiricha isingadonhe pasi pe400º, asi haisiriyo inopisa zvakanyanya.
Chinhambwe chikuru panowanikwa Neptune, kunyangwe iri nyika hombe, haigone kuonekwa neziso rakashama kubva kuNyika. Icho chinogona kunge chiri chikonzero nei pasi rino ringadai risingazivikanwe nevanhu vekare. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kuvhurwa kwayo kwaive mhedzisiro yekuwanikwa kweUranus.
Zvimwe zvekuwedzera chokwadi nezve Uranus
Apo nyanzvi dzemitumbi yomudenga dzakakwanisa kuwana pasi Uranus, dzakaona kuti kutenderera kwaro kwakanga kune kufamba kwaisagona kufanoziva. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kuti vafungidzire kuti panogona kunge paine mutumbi mukuru wekudenga, uri pane imwe chinhambwe kubva kuUranus, wakakwanisa kukanganisa kutenderera kwayo nekuda kwegiravhiti.
Nyika inonzi Uranus yakawanikwa nemuzivi wenyeredzi William Herschel mugore ra 1781. Zvakawanikwa izvi zvakakonzera bongozozo guru pakati pemasayendisiti uye zvakasimbisa kunzwisiswa kwakaganhurirwa kwesolar system yedu panguva iyoyo.
Nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakabva dzatanga kuona pasi idzva iri uye kuita marudzi ese ezviyero nemaparadigm akakodzera kuti vakwanise kutsanangura kutenderera kwaro. Mushure memakore angangoita makumi matanhatu, panguva iyo Uranus yakakwanisa kupedzisa kutenderera kwayo kwekutanga kubva payakawanikwa, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuona kuti yaisaita senge isingateedzere mitemo ye orbital mechanics chaizvo uye kuti kutsauka kudiki kwakawanikwa mukutenderera kwayo kwakanga kusina tsananguro. .
Mhando dzose dzefungidziro dzakaedza kutsanangura kusiyana uku pakati pedzidziso nekucherechedza. Mugore ra1845, zvimwe panguva imwe cheteyo asi pasina kuonana pakati pavo, nyanzvi dzemitumbi yomudenga Urbain Le Verrier naJohn Couch Adams vakatanga kuongorora fungidziro yokuti uku kutsauka kwakabva mukuvapo kweimwe nyika iri pedyo neUranus.
Sezviri pachena, masayendisiti ose ari maviri akakwanisa kuverenga kuti panofanira kunge paine nzvimbo yepasi idzva, asi zvakangove nekuda kwekuverenga kwakaitwa naUrbain Le Verrier kuti nyanzvi yenyeredzi Johann Gottfried Galle akakwanisa kuona Neptune kekutanga kubva kuNeptune. Observatory yeBerlin.
Kuwanikidzwa kweNeptune kwaigona kusimbiswa mugore ra1846 uye ipapo gakava rakamuka pamusoro pokuti ndiani aifanira kurangarirwa kuva muzivi wayo. Royal Society yeLondon yakapa Urbain Le Verrier menduru yeruremekedzo nokuda kwekuwanikwa, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzenyeredzi dzakatsigirawo mupiro waJohn Couch Adams.
Nokudaro, zvichibva pane eccentricities inogona kuonekwa mukutenderera kweUranus, kuvapo uye nzvimbo yepasi rechisere zvinogona kutorwa. Pavakatarira neteresikopu kunzvimbo iyo, maererano nemasvomhu, yakanga yafungidzirwa kuti imwe nyika ingawanikwa, vakakwanisa zvechokwadi kuwana Neptune.
Zita raNeptune
Nyika yeNeptune yakatumidzwa zita ramwari wemvura nemakungwa kubva mungano dzeRoma, nekuti ruvara rwayo rwebhuruu rwakafanana nemuvara wemakungwa. Pamutemo, nyika yaizivikanwa nezita rekuti Le Verrier, uyo akanga ari muzivi wayo, asi gare gare zita rokuti Neptune ndiro rakanga rava kugamuchirwa zvikuru, sezvo raitevera tsika yokupa mapuraneti mazita evamwari vengano dzechiRoma. .
Tichidzokera kuhunhu hwaNeptune, tinogona kutaura kuti ndiyo diki pane dzose ina dzemagasi musolar system yedu: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, naNeptune. Zvisinei, kuwanda kwayo kwakanyanya kunoita kuti giravhiti yayo pamusoro ive imwe yedzakasimba musolar system , inongopfuurwa neJupiter chete.
Neptune, iyo ine dhayamita yeavhareji yemakiromita 49.528, idiki zvishoma pane Uranus, ine dhayamita yemakiromita 51,118. Aya mapuraneti maviri anotorwa sehofori dzechando, nekuda kwekuumbwa kwawo, ayo anonyanya kusanganisira aizi inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana.
saizi neptune
Kunyangwe ichizivikanwawo se "gas giant", zita rekuti "ice giant" ndiro rinofanira kushandiswa kusiyanisa kubva ku "gas giant" mbiri huru dzinowanikwa pakati pe " Curiosities of the Solar System" , idzo dziri Jupiter naSaturn. Tsananguro ndeyekuti Jupiter naSaturn zvinoumbwa ne90% hydrogen nehelium, nepo Uranus naNeptune zvine zvinhu izvi pa20% chete. Musiyano uyu ndiwo unopa humbowo hwekuti pane musiyano uripo pakati pe "gas giant" ne "ice giant".
Sezvinoita hofori dzegasi, Neptune inotenderera nekukurumidza paaxis yayo, ichipedzisa shanduko yakazara mumaawa gumi nematanhatu, sezvatakamboratidza. Nekuda kwechimiro chegasi chezvikamu zvayo zvekunze, Neptune haina sipidhi yakafanana yekutenderera pamalatitudes akasiyana. Muchokwadi, nzvimbo dzayo dzeequator dzinogona kutora maawa anosvika gumi nemasere kuti ipedze shanduko yakakwana.
Pamusoro pezvo, axis yayo yekutenderera yakarereka zvishoma, sezvakangoita nePasi. Panyaya yePasi tinoziva kuti kona yekurerekera i23.5° uye muNeptune i28.3°. Kurerekera uku ndiko kunokonzeresa mwaka wegore, nekuti kunoita kuti mwaranzi yezuva isvike nepakasiyana, zvichienderana nenguva yegore.
Ichokwadi kuti pane chinhambwe chikuru pakati peZuva neNeptune, ndosaka maranzi eZuva anokwanisa kusvika kuNeptune asina simba. Asi, pasinei neizvi, kuchinja kwemwaka kunogona kuonekwa mumhepo yaro. Asi, sezvo Neptune ichitora makore zana nemakumi matanhatu nemashanu kuti itenderere Zuva, mwaka weNeptune unotora nguva yakareba kupfuura yePasi. Muchokwadi, mwaka wega wega unogona kugara makore makumi mana.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvisinganyanyo zivikanwa zveNeptune isystem yayo yerin'i, kunyangwe isina kusimba zvakanyanya kupfuura mhete dzakakurumbira dzeSaturn. Mhete dzinosvika shanu dzinozivikanwa kuti dziripo dzakatenderedza Neptune, imwe neimwe ichikura kubva pamakiromita zana kusvika chiuru.