Makomo aya haana kungova nemifananidzo nemakadhi ekufambisa makomo uye nzira dzekufamba dzakanyanya, asiwo musha wemamiriyoni evanhu vanogara mune mamwe maguta akakwirira pasi rose. Maguta makuru pasi rose haapindi muchando, kushomeka kweokisijeni, uye nzvimbo dzakaoma.Asi vanoramba vachikura uye vachikwezva vagari vatsva nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehupfumi, tsika, uye hurongwa.
Pane kuva nyaya dzinorasika pakati pemakomo ane sinou, Maguta aya ari munzvimbo dzakakwirira anosanganisira maguta makuru, maguta makuru enyika, uye maguta madiki emigodhi. matenga ayo anenge anosvika pamakore. Kubva kuLa Rinconada muPeru kuenda kuHushe Village muPakistan, tichipfuura nemuLa Paz, Quito, neBogotá, tichanyatsoongorora maguta ane nzvimbo dzakakwirira, kuti hupenyu hwakaita sei ikoko, uye kuti nei Latin America, Asia, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica dziri musha wenzvimbo dzakawanda idzi dzakanyanya kushanyirwa.
Maguta marefu kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose ari kupi uye sei ari muLatin America?
Kana tikatarisa mepu inoratidza maguta ari pamusoro pemamita anopfuura 3.000 pamusoro pegungwa, tichaona maitiro akajeka kwazvo: Maguta mazhinji akakwirira pasi rose ari muSouth America, kunyanya mumakomo eAndes.Nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzeAsia (dzakadai seTibet kana Himalayas) nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kuEast neCentral Africa dzinoonekwawo pachena.
Boka iri remaguta anoputsa mukurumbira rinosanganisira mazita atove akakurumbira pakati pevafambi venzvimbo dzakakwirira: La Rinconada (Peru), El Alto and Potosà (Bolivia), Lhasa (Tibet), Apartaderos (Venezuela), Namche Bazaar (Nepal), Cuzco (Peru), Villa Mills (Costa Rica), Leadville (United States) uye Hushe Village (Pakistan), pakati pedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dziri pakati pedenga nenyika.
Zvakanyanya, ongororo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi rose dzinoratidza kuti China neMexico ndidzo nyika dzine huwandu hukuru hwemaguta marefu ane vagari vanopfuura miriyoni imwe cheteSekureva kwedata kubva kuEuropean Commission, izvi zvinoreva kuti kunyange zvazvo mataundi madiki eAndean aine zvinyorwa zvepamusoro-soro zvekukwira, maguta makuru, ane nzvimbo dzakakwirira anewo mukana wakasimba muAsia neNorth America.
Chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa ndechekuti Maguta makumi maviri nemaviri pamakumi mashanu ane matunhu akakwirira pasi rose ndiwo maguta makuru enyikaSekureva kwemushumo weVisualCapitalist wakavakirwa padhatabhesi reEuropean Commission renzvimbo dzemaguta dziri pamusoro pemamita chiuru nemazana ane vanhu vanodarika miriyoni imwe chete, hatisi kungotaura nezvemisha iri kure chete, asi nzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika nedzehupfumi dziri munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Nzvimbo dzine maguta aya ari munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakanyatsojeka: Nzvimbo huru dzemakomo muAsia, Latin America, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica ndidzo dzine maguta mazhinji aya ane nzvimbo dzakakwirira.nepo Europe neOceania zvichinyangarika pamepu kana muganhu waiswa pakakwirira mamita chiuru kumaguta makuru.
La Rinconada, Peru: guta rakareba kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose (5.100 metres)
Kana ukabvunzwa kuti nderipi guta rakakwirira kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose, mhinduro yacho inowanzo ratidza maAndes ekuPeru: La Rinconada, iri mudunhu reSan Antonio de Putina, ine rekodhi iyi ine makomo anosvika 5.100 metres pamusoro pegungwa.Iguta diki rine migodhi riri pedyo nemuganhu neBolivia, munzvimbo ine hunyanzvi hwakanyanya.
Pasinei nemamiriro ayo akaomarara, La Rinconada ine vagari vemo vanosvika zviuru gumi nezvinomwe (17.000) vanogara kwenguva refu, kunyange zvazvo panguva dze "gold rush" nhamba iyi inogona kukwira kusvika zviuru makumi mashanu (50.000).Chikamu chikuru chevanhu ava chinokwezvwa nemukana wekuwana raramo mukuchera goridhe, iro riri iro roga divi rehupfumi hwenzvimbo iyi.
Guta iri riri pedyo nechando chikuru chinozivikanwa zvikuru se "Runako Rwakarara"Kuvapo kwavo kunoita kuti kupinda ikoko kuve kwakaoma uye kunokanganisa hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kuti usvike ikoko, unofanirwa kukunda migwagwa yemakomo yakaoma, nzvimbo dzine chando, uye mamiriro ekunze ayo, kazhinji pagore, asingabvumiri tembiricha kukwira pamusoro pe0°C.
Kureba kweLa Rinconada kunoonekwa kubva paminiti yekutanga: Avo vanosvika kekutanga vanoda mazuva angangoita makumi matatu kuti vajaire. nekuda kwekushaikwa kweokisijeni uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaderera. Munguva iyi, musoro unotemwa nemusoro, kuneta kwakanyanya, kana kurwara nekufamba kwenguva refu zvinowanzoonekwa; kune vashanyi vasina kujaira, kunyange kufema kunogona kuva basa guru.
Mubvunzo une musoro ndewekuti sei mumwe munhu angasarudza kugara munzvimbo ine utsinye kudaro. Mhinduro, muchiitiko ichi, haisi chakavanzika zvakanyanya: Goridhe ndiyo magineti makuru eLa RinconadaKuva pedyo nemugodhi mukuru wegoridhe zvinoreva kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoda kuisa hutano hwavo panjodzi uye kutsungirira mamiriro ehupenyu akaoma zvikuru vachitsinhana netariro yerombo rakanaka richavandudza mamiriro avo ehupfumi.
Sisitimu yekushanda mumugodhi inotevera modhi yechinyakare inozivikanwa se "Sembwanana"Panzvimbo pemuhoro wepamwedzi wakatarwa, vashandi vazhinji vemigodhi vanopiwa mukana wekushanda munzvimbo yakati mazuva makumi matatu ega ega vochengeta goridhe ravanochera. Izvi zvinoumba musanganiswa wemabasa asina kurongeka, maawa ekushanda akawanda, uye kuvimba zvakanyanya nerombo rakanaka uye kushanda nesimba kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe.
El Alto, Bolivia: guta guru reAndean rine kukwirira kwemamita 4.150
Kusiyana nehunhu hweLa Rinconada hwakangogadzirwa, hwakafanana nehwekuchera migodhi, El Alto iguta guru reBolivia riri pakakwirira kupfuura mamita 4.000 uye rinoumba nzvimbo yeguta guru neLa Paz.Nzvimbo inozivikanwa seEl Alto-La Paz ine vanhu vanodarika mamiriyoni maviri, ine avhareji yekukwirira kwayo inosvika mamita 3.869 pamusoro pegungwa.
Guta reEl Alto pacharo riri pedyo neguta iri. 4.150 metres yekukwiraIzvi zvinoita kuti ive imwe yemaguta makuru pasi rose. Kukura kwayo kwave kuri kukuru mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, kuchichinja kubva kunzvimbo iri pedyo neLa Paz kuita guta rine hunhu hwaro uye simba guru revanhu nevezvematongerwo enyika.
Kuti uwane pfungwa yekukwirira, kuenzanisa kwakajeka kwakakwana: Avhareji yekukwirira kwenzvimbo yeEl Alto-La Paz iri pamamita angangoita zana pamusoro pegomo reFuji muJapan.Kunyange zvazvo gomo iri rine mukurumbira rekuJapan richisvika mamita 3.776, chikamu chikuru chevanhu vemuEl Alto chinogara panzvimbo yakakwirira zuva nezuva.
Kunze kwekuwanda kwevanhu, El Alto inozivikanwa nekudyara Ndiyo ine nhandare yendege inoshandira La Paz, imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira kupfuura dzose pasi rose.Izvi zvinoda kuti mashandiro emhepo, kureba kwenzira dzendege, uye nzira dzekuchengetedza dzienderane nemamiriro ekunze asina kutonhora uye kuzara kwemhepo.
PotosÃ, Bolivia: nhoroondo yemigodhi pa 4.090 metres
Rimwe remaguta makuru eAndean riri pakati pemaguta epamusoro-soro pasi rose nderiri PotosÃ, kumaodzanyemba kweBolivia, iri pamamita angangoita 4.090 pamusoro pegungwaNehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika 240.000, ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzemaguta dzakakosha kwazvo dziri mumakomo marefu muSouth America.
Potosà yakasimuka ikabudirira nekuda kweCerro Rico, mari yakawanda yesirivha yakaratidza nhoroondo yehupfumi hweumambo hweSpain neLatin America yese. Nhoroondo yekuchera kwayo inokosha zvekuti guta iri rinozivikanwa neUNESCO seimwe yenzvimbo huru dzenhaka dzekondinendi., ine nzvimbo yenhoroondo inoyeuchidza nguva yekoloni uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwezvicherwa.
Kunyangwe hazvo kushanya kwemari kusisiri sezvakwaive kare, Kuchera migodhi kuchiri chinhu chakakosha muhupfumi hwenzvimboUye mhuri zhinji dzinoramba dzichirarama mumumvuri weCerro Rico pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akaomarara, dzichibatanidza tsika nezvinodiwa zvehupfumi munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzisingape zororo.
Lhasa, Tibet: guta guru remweya padunhu reTibet (mamita 3.650)
Tichibva kuSouth America toenda kuAsia, tinowana rimwe guta rine mukurumbira pane urongwa uhwu: Lhasa, guta guru renhoroondo uye remweya reTibet, riri pakakwirira mamita angangoita 3.650.Nevanhu vanopfuura hafu yemiriyoni, iri pakati peTibetan Plateau, imwe yenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose.
Lhasa inozivikanwa pasi rose nekuda kwekuva imba yaimbova Dalai Lama uye nzvimbo yeBuddhism yeTibetanMadzimba ayo ehumambo, mamongi nematemberi akaita kuti ive nzvimbo yekunamata kune vanotenda uye nzvimbo inodiwa zvikuru nevafambi vanotsvaga kusanganisa tsika, zvekunamata nenzvimbo dzakanyanya kuipa.
Guta iri rine zvivakwa zvakakosha zvakaziviswa seNzvimbo dzeNhaka Dzepasi Pose, uye rinozivikanwawo nekubatana kwaro nedzimwe nyika dzeChina kuburikidza nebasa rinoshamisa reinjiniya: Njanji yeQinghai-Tibet, inoonekwa senjanji yepamusoro-soro pasi rose, iyo inoyambuka nzvimbo refu dzinopfuura mamita 4.000.
Apartaderos, Venezuela: Nzvimbo yakakwirira yeAndean pamamita 3.505
Kudzokera kuAmerica, asi panguva ino kuchamhembe kweAndes, tinoona Apartaderos, muVenezuela, inzvimbo iri pakakwirira mamita 3.505Iguta remakomo riri panzvimbo yakakomberedzwa nezvisikwa, iro rave nemukurumbira nekuda kwenzvimbo dzaro dzinotonhora uye maonero akanaka.
Apartaderos ine nzvimbo yakakosha, sezvo Iri panzvimbo inoungana nzizi nhatu dzinokosha munharaunda iyi.Izvi zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakasarudzika yechisikigo. Uyezve, iguta rine nzvimbo dzakakwirira kupfuura dzose munyika yese, zita rinosimbisa chinzvimbo charo seguta rine nzvimbo dzakakwirira munzvimbo yeVenezuela.
Namche Bazaar, Nepal: gedhi rekuenda kuEverest (3.500 metres)
Mumakomo eHimalaya, kureba chikamu chenzvimbo yezuva nezuva, uye imwe yenzvimbo dzayo dzinozivikanwa zvikuru ndeye Namche Bazaar, muNepal, iri pamusoro pe3.500 metres pamusoro pegungwaKunyangwe saizi yayo iri shoma kana tichiienzanisa nemaguta makuru eAndes, kukosha kwayo kukuru.
Pakutanga, Namche Bazaar yaive nzvimbo huru yekutengeserana apo vafudzi vekuTibet vaichinjana chizi, mabhota nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekurima nevagari vemumupata. Mapoka evanhu akayambuka nepapo, achishandisa nzira dzemakomo, zvichiita kuti musha uve nzvimbo inoungana tsika dzakasiyana-siyana.
Nhasi, basa reNamche Bazaar rashanduka: Yava imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha zvikuru kune vanokwira makomo vanorota kukwira Gomo reEverest.Mafambiro mazhinji nerwendo runopfuura nemuguta rino kuti vajairane, vawane zvekushandisa uye varonge mafambiro enzvimbo vasati varamba vachikwira.
Cuzco, Peru: Guta guru rekare reInca pa 3.310 metres
Cuzco, kana kuti Cusco, ndeimwe yematombo anokosha enzvimbo dzakakwirira. Iri pakakwirira mamita 3.310 pamusoro pegungwa muPeru, raive guta guru reInca Empire uye nhasi ndiro rimwe remaguta anonyanya kukosha evashanyi muSouth America.Nzvimbo yayo yenhoroondo uye kuva pedyo kwayo nenzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro dzekuchera matongo zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo inosungirwa kune chero ani zvake anoshanyira Andes.
Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yakapoteredza dzimwe nguva ichinzi "iri pasi pemakomo eAlps", muchokwadi Cuzco iri pakati pemakomo eAndesYakakomberedzwa nemakomo anogadzira nzvimbo inoshamisa, nzira dzakawanda dzinobva ipapo dzichienda kuMachu Picchu ine mukurumbira, iyo, pasinei nemukurumbira wayo, iri pakakwirira pasi (anenge mamita 2.430).
Hupenyu muCusco hunobatanidza huremu hwenhoroondo nepfungwa dzekushanya kwemazuva ano: Migwagwa yayo yematombo, matongo eInca, nezvivakwa zvekoloni zviri pamwe chete nemisika, mabasa evashanyi, uye chikafu chakapfuma.Kune vafambi vazhinji, guta iri rinoshandawo senzvimbo yakakwana yekujairana vasati varamba vachikwira munzvimbo iyi.
Villa Mills, Costa Rica: hunhu hwakanyanya pa 3.100 metres
MuCentral America munewo mukana wekugara munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Villa Mills, muCosta Rica, iri pamusoro pegungwa nemamita 3.100.Iri munzvimbo ine makomo iri pedyo nemuganhu nePanama. Iguta diki, rakakomberedzwa nemasango nenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemakomo.
Chimwe chezviratidzo zviri pedyo ndicho Chikomo cheRufuVilla Mills, nzvimbo yemakomo inozivikanwa nekuda kwekunaka kwayo pamwe chete nemamiriro ayo ekunze anochinja-chinja uye tembiricha inotonhora. Kunyangwe Costa Rica iri pedyo zvikuru neequator uye inowanzobatanidzwa nemamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa, muVilla Mills Tembiricha dzinogona kudonha pasi pe0°C, kunyanya usiku.
Leadville, Colorado (United States): guta rakareba kupfuura mamwe ose munyika (3.094 metres)
KuNorth America, makomo eRocky anewo maguta ari munzvimbo dzakakwirira, kunyange zvazvo ari mashoma zvikuru kupfuura Andes. Leadville, iri mudunhu reColorado, inoonekwa seguta rakareba kupfuura mamwe ose muUnited States, pakukwirira kwemamita 3.094.Iguta rekare remigodhi rine nhoroondo yakabatana zvikuru nekuchera simbi.
Leadville iri pakati pemakomo uye Inoumba tsime reRwizi rweArkansas., imwe yenzizi huru dzenyika. Muzana remakore rechi19, yaive yakakurumbira nekuda kwemari yayo yesirivha uye kufambira mberi kwehupfumi kwakabatana nekuchera migodhi, izvo zvakakwezva zviuru zvevanhu vanogara munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Hushe Village, Pakistan: pasuo rekuenda kumakomo eHimalaya (mamita 3.050)
MuPakistan tinowana imwe nzvimbo iri pane rondedzero yemaguta ane maguta akakwirira pasi rose: Hushe Village, iri pakakwirira mamita 3.050, munzvimbo ine mamwe makomo anoyevedza pasi rose.
Hushe iguta diki rakanaka rinoyevedza nekuve imwe yenzvimbo dzinowanzo tangira nzendo nekufamba netsoka kuburikidza nemakomo eKarakoram nemakomo eHimalaya akapoteredzaNzvimbo yayo yakanaka inoita kuti ive nzvimbo yekutanga kune vanokwira makomo nevanofamba netsoka vanoenda kumakomo anodarika 7.000 uye 8.000 metres.
Nzvimbo dzakarebesa madhorobha makuru: La Paz, Quito, uye Bogotá
Kunze kwemaguta nemaguta makuru epakati nepakati, mamwe emaguta makuru marefu pasi rose ane vanhu vakawanda. Sangano reWorld Economic Forum rakaona La Paz, Quito, neBogotá semaguta matatu makuru ane nzvimbo dzakakwirira., dzose dziri kuSouth America uye dzakabatana zvikuru nemakomo eAndes.
Kutanga zvinoonekwa La Paz, Bolivia, guta guru rehurumende renyika, rine avhareji yekukwirira kwemamita angangoita 3.869Izvi zvinoita kuti rive rakareba kupfuura Gomo reFuji muJapan, iro rinodarika nepasi pemamita zana. Nzvimbo yaro yakasiyana, yakavakwa mubheseni guru rakakomberedzwa nemakomo, inoita kuti pave neguta rinozivikanwa zvikuru.
Nzvimbo yechipiri inogarwa Quito, Ecuador, iri panzvimbo yakakwirira mamita 2.700 pamusoro pegungwaGuta iri rinomira muchikamu chakamanikana pakati pemakomo nemakomo anoputika, rimwe rawo Pichincha, iro rinotsanangura kukwirira kwaro uye nzvimbo yakareba yeguta guru reEcuador.
Nzvimbo yechitatu ndeye Bogotá, Colombia, iyo inokwira kusvika pakakwirira mamita angangoita 2.601.Kunyangwe iri panzvimbo yakaderera kupfuura mamwe maguta eAndean, nzvimbo yayo mu savanna uye hukama hwayo nemakomo ekumabvazuva eAndes zvinoita kuti ive guta guru rechitatu pakukwirira pasi rose, pamusoro pemamwe maguta marefu akadai seToluca kana Cochabamba.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, muEthiopia (anenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (anenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Rondedzero imwe chete iyi yemaguta makuru, marefu inosanganisirawo Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (inenge mamita 2.361), uye Mexico City (inenge mamita 2.316), iyo inobatanidza kukwirira kukuru nemamiriyoni evagari uye basa guru munzvimbo dzavo.
Kugoverwa kwemaguta makumi mashanu epamusoro pasi rose munzvimbo dzakasiyana
Kana tikaongorora maguta makumi mashanu ari pamusoro-soro pasi rose ane vanhu vanodarika miriyoni imwe chete uye kureba kwemamita anopfuura chiuru, panobva pabuda ruzivo rwakawanda nezvenzvimbo inogarwa nevanhu pasi rose. Asia neAmerica ndidzo dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwemaguta makuru aya mudenga.nepo Europe neOceania dziri kure kure nemepu yemaguta marefu.
Kupatsanurwa kunofungidzirwa kwemaguta aya makumi mashanu nematunhu makuru kungave seizvi, zvichienderana nedhatabhesi reEuropean Commission:
- Central America: maguta gumi dzinopfuura mwero wekukwirira kwakatarwa uye huwandu hwevanhu.
- Kumabvazuva kweAsia: maguta mapfumbamwe, mazhinji acho ari munzvimbo dzine makomo muChina.
- Central neSouth Asia: maguta mapfumbamwe, yakabatana nemakomo akadai seHimalayas.
- South America: maguta manomwe, ine kuvapo kwakasimba muAndes yese.
- East Africa: Maguta manomwe, munyika dzakadai seEthiopia nenzvimbo dzakapoteredza.
- Central Africa: Maguta maviri iri munzvimbo dzakakwirira dziri mukati menyika.
- South Africa: Maguta maviri nenzvimbo dziri pamusoro pemakomo.
- Kumadokero kweAsia: maguta maviri, nemienzaniso yakaita seTehran.
- North America: maguta maviri, kusanganisira Denver neCalgary, pedyo neRockies.
- Europe: 0 maguta zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuva pamusoro pemamita chiuru pamusoro pegungwa uye kuva nevanhu vanopfuura miriyoni imwe chete.
- Oceania: 0 maguta makomo makuru anopfuura mamita chiuru, pasinei nekuti ane makomo anoshamisa.
Zvinoshamisa kuti, pasinei nekuvapo kwemakomo akadai seAlps muEurope kana makomo akasiyana-siyana muAustralia neNew Zealand, Hakuna maguta makuru ekuEurope kana egungwa anopfuura chiyero chemamita chiuru pakureba uye vagari vemo miriyoni imwe.Kusiyana neizvi, maguta makuru akakura panguva ino muLatin America, Asia, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica.
Munyaya chaiyo yeNorth America, United States neCanada dzinopa guta rimwe chete pane runyorwa rwemaguta makumi mashanu akareba kupfuura mamwe ese.Ose ari maviri akabatana neRocky Mountains: Denver muUSA neCalgary muCanada.
Sei Latin America iriyo inonyanya kusarudzwa mumaguta marefu?
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda, kusanganisira zvakaitwa neWorld Economic Forum pamwe nemabhuku akasarudzika mune zvejogirafi, zvinobvumirana kuti Latin America ndiyo muenzaniso mukuru pasi rose wemaguta akavakwa munzvimbo dzakakwiriraMaguta makuru manomwe pamaguta gumi akareba kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose ari kuSouth America, zvichisimbisa basa renzvimbo iyi se "umambo hwenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemaguta".
Chikonzero chikuru chine zita: Makomo eAndes, ayo anotenderera kureba kwekondinendi kubva kumadokero kweVenezuela kusvika kuTierra del Fuego, kumaodzanyemba kweArgentinaMakomo aya akareba kwazvo anogadzira nzvimbo dzakakwirira, madhamu nemapani marefu uko kwakavakwa maguta makuru, vachishandisa mukana wekuwanikwa kwemvura, ivhu rakaorera mune mamwe mipata uye dziviriro yechisikigo inopihwa nemakomo.
Kunze kwenzvimbo chete, Kukura kwemaguta muSouth America kwakaitika zvikuru munzvimbo dzine makomoChimwe chikonzero ndechekuti, munyika dzinopisa, nzvimbo dziri pakati nepakati nepamusoro dzaiva nemamiriro ekunze akanaka kwazvo pane nzvimbo dzakaderera dzinopisa uye dzine hunyoro.
Nyaya iri muColombian Journal of Geography inoratidza kuti Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira kwakabatsira mumamiriro ekunze akanaka uye kusvika padanho rakati rekudzivirira kubva kunjodzi dzemagariro evanhu nedzechisikigo uye kutyisidzira.Makomo aya aishanda sezvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo kana paine kurwisana uye aideredza kubatwa nezvirwere zvinowanzoitika munzvimbo dzakaderera uye dzinodziya.
Zvese izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei misoro mikuru yakaita se La Paz, Quito, neBogotá dziri panzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAndean nemabheseni.Uye kuti kuwanda kukuru kwemaguta munharaunda iyi kwakaitika pamazana kana zviuru zvemamita pamusoro pegungwa, zvichikonzera mepu yakasiyana yemaguta anogara pedyo nedenga.
Mabhenefiti nematambudziko ekugara munzvimbo dzakakwirira
Kunyange zvazvo hupenyu panzvimbo dzakakwirira hunowanzova nematambudziko, hazvisi zvese zvakaipa. Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzakataurwa mumishumo yepasi rose dzinoratidza kuti kugara munzvimbo dzakakwirira kunogona kuva nezvimwe zvakanakira pahutano.kunyanya panyaya yekuvandudza hutano hwemwoyo neropa uye kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemamwe marudzi ekenza nesitiroko.
Miviri yeavo vakaberekerwa nekukurira munzvimbo idzi inochinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuti kumanikidzwa kweokisijeni kwakaderera, zvichikonzera shanduko dzemuviri dzinoita kuti hupenyu hwezuva nezuva huve nyore pamakiromita zviuru zvemamita ekukwirira.Izvi hazvibvisi njodzi, asi zvinoratidza kugona kukuru kwevanhu kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu anoonekwa seakanyanya kuipa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, matambudziko ari kusangana nemaguta aya ari pachena: tembiricha inotonhora, kuwanikwa kweokisijeni shoma, zvivakwa zvinodhura, uye matambudziko ekuwana Zvinoumba hupenyu hwezuva nezuva mumaguta mazhinji aya. Kufambisa, kuvaka, uye kunyange mabasa ehupfumi zvese zvinokanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze ane makomo uye kukwirira.
Zvose, kunyange zvazvo chikamu chikuru chevanhu pasi rose chichiri kugara pedyo negungwa, Mazana emamiriyoni evanhu vanogara mumaguta ari panzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura Burj Khalifa.Imba diki refu kupfuura dzose pasi rose. Makomo, kwete kungori nzvimbo yekungonakidzwa, ndiwo nzvimbo yehupenyu hwemaguta hwakasiyana-siyana uye hwakanyanya kuoma.
Mepu yemaguta akakwirira pasi rose inoratidza kuenzana kunoshamisa pakati pematambudziko nemikana: nzvimbo dzine kutonhora, kushaikwa kweokisijeni nenzvimbo dzakadzika dziri pamwe chete nehupfumi hunoshanduka, nzvimbo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakakosha, nhaka yetsika inoshamisa uye mikana yebudiriro inovimbisaKubva kuLa Rinconada nekushanya kwayo goridhe kusvika kunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAndean dzemaguta makuru, vachipfuura nemumisha inoshanda senzira dzekuenda kuHimalayas, vanhu vakaratidza kuti hapana nzvimbo yakakwirira inogona kumisa chishuwo chavo chekuvaka maguta nekuvaka midzi kunyangwe padenga repasi.
