Marula
Uyu muti, waunogona kushandisa zvizere, nokuti imwe neimwe yezvikamu zvayo inopa zvinhu zvikuru, zvose zvibereko zvayo inobereka, pamwe chete nemidzi yayo, muto uye nezvimwe, nokuti yave ichizivikanwa kwemamiriyoni emakore apfuura. , kushandiswa nevaAfrica kusvika pamwero mukuru uye kunoongwa zvikuru navo.
Nezvesainzi muti uyu unonzi Sclerocarya birrea; Izvi zvaimbozivikanwa nevaAfrica chete, avo vakazvipa mashandisirwo anoenderana, zvisinei, mukurumbira waro mukuru uchangoburwa, sezvo uchiri kuzivikanwa pasi rose, sezvo vazhinji vakazvitora kuti vaushandise uye vaushandise zvakanyanya.
Sezvichaonekwa zvakadzama muchikamu chinotevera, muti uyu une mashandisirwo akasiyana siyana uye mabhenefiti, kunyanya kana zvasvika pamishonga, sezvo kune mishonga yakawanda yakatorwa kubva kumidziyo yeMarula, kwete chete ikozvino, asi yemishonga. zviuru zvemakore.makore apfuura, kuburikidza nezvibereko zvayo nemafuta, kunyange zvazvo zvizhinji zveizvi zvisati zvave nemvumo yesangano resayenzi, asi kusvika zvino zvakashanda kune veAfrica.
Zvigadzirwa zverunako zvakagadzirwa zvakare. Uyu muti hauitike munzvimbo dzakawanda nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze, chinhu chimwe chete chinoitika ne Redwood ndosaka ichiganhurirwa kune imwe nzvimbo, asi zvigadzirwa zvakatorwa kubva mumativi ayo zvinogona kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kuti zvibatsire nharaunda yepasirese uye maAfrica anogona kuwana bhenefiti yakawanda kubva kune ichi chirimwa chiri munharaunda ino.
Background
Chinhu chekutanga kutaura muchikamu ichi inyaya yekuti muti uyu unobva kunyika yeAfrica, kushandiswa kwayo muzvinhu zvakasiyana kwave kuenderera kwemakore akawanda, nyanzvi munyaya dzenhoroondo uye dzekuchera matongo dzakaona kuti chirimwa ichi chaishandiswa kunyange ne makore 9000 Kristu asati auya.
Mukuwedzera, inobereka michero, iyo yakafanana muhukuru kune puramu iyo ikozvino inozivikanwa, iyo kana yaibva yero, mukati mayo ine pulp yakakwana, iyo inounza muto wakakwana uye ine kunhuwa, ine mhodzi ine tsvuku, walnut. -saizvozvo.
Mbeu dzinowanikwa mukati mepombi iyi, iyo kazhinji isingapfuuri mhodzi nhatu, uye kubva kune idzi kuti mafuta emuti uyu anouya, ayo achapiwa zvakadzama muzvikamu zvinotevera. Zvimwe chetezvo, muchero une muto unofanana nemichero yakawanda inozivikanwa zvikuru, sezvo kuine vamwe vanoti inorungwa nemagwavha, pineapple, asi kune vamwewo vanoti kunakirwa kwayo kwakada kufanana neiyo. yeapuro uye lychee.
Chokwadi chinoda kuziva nezvemuti uyu, uye kunyanya nezvemuchero wawo, chinowanikwa munzou, mhuka dzinoshinga kufamba nzendo refu nechinangwa chekudya muchero uyu, wavanoda. Izvi zvine huwandu hwakawanda hwevhitamini C, izvo zvakonzera kuti vanhu vazhinji vagare vakatenderedza miti iyi, sezvavanokwanisa kugadzira zvinwiwa nezvimwe zvinhu.
Mhando huru
Muti uyu une humwe hunhu hunobvumira kuti usiyaniswe kubva kune mimwe miti, yakasarudzika, sezvichaonekwa neakasiyana maitiro, ayo anotevera:
Panyama inogona kuonekwa kuti ine hunde imwe chete uye korona.
Mashizha awo akasvibira.
Kana iri kureba kwayo, kana ikakura zvakanaka, nekuti mamiriro ekunze uye ivhu rakakodzera, saka inogona kuwana kusvika kumamita gumi pakureba.
Mamiriro ekusimudzira kwayo kwakanakisa ndeokuti inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakashama, asiwo kuti nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakaderera.
Kubva pakuona kwezvinhu zvipenyu, inofungidzirwa kuti maruva ayo anogona kunge ari maviri nemurume.
Kana payakasimwa pane varume chete kana vakadzi chete, ipapo hapazovi nezvibereko.
Zvibereko zvemuti uyu zvinogona kuva zvemarudzi maviri: globose kana ovoid.
Kana iri pulp, ine muto wakakwana, unowanzoita kutapira.
Nemuchero unogona kuita zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, izvo zvakatengeswa zvakanyanya nevaAfrica kwemakore mazhinji, zvichivirisa muchero zvisati zvaitika.
Munharaunda, kunyange zvazvo vachionekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeAfrica, kune imwe nzvimbo umo kune miti yakawanda yemiti iyi uye iri muBantu.
Mbeu dzayo dzine mapuroteni akawanda, dzinewo mafuta anonzi ane hutano.
marula habitat
Sezvatotaurwa, uyu muti unowanikwa muAfrica, kureva kuti, inogara iripo, asi mienzaniso yemuti uyu inogona kuonekwawo pachitsuwa cheMadagascar. Kurimwa kwayo kuri munzvimbo yese yesub-Saharan, iri munharaunda yese yekumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi iri kutaurwa.
Ongororo dzakasiyana siyana dzakaitwa pamuti uyu, izvo zvakakonzera kuti chirimwa ichi hachina kumbowanikwa pamusoro pechuru nemazana matanhatu emamita pamusoro pegungwa. Multifoliolata, S. birrea subsp. Caffra uye S. birrea subsp. caffra.
Kunyangwe zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mamwe emhando idzi anogona kuwanikwa paanopfuura zviuru zviviri zvemamita pamusoro pegungwa, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kugoverwa kwechirimwa ichi mukondinendi hakusi kwakabatana chete nekukwirira.
Zvishandiso zvemarula
Kududzwa kwakatoitwa kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kunopiwa kumuti uyu, sezvo uchiita mabasa akawanda sezvakaita cherimoya tree, asi muchikamu chino tichataura zvakadzama nezvazvo, sezvo chiri chirimwa chinowedzera kubatsira nekufamba kwenguva.
Pane doro rinotengeswa richigadzirwa nemuchero wemuti wemuMarula.
Kubva kumbeu iwe unogona kuwana yakakura sosi yemapuroteni, kana iwe ukaadya unenge uchidya mafuta ane hutano, kunaka kwavo kwakafanana nekwenzungu, saka kana iwe uri pakudya, iyi isarudzo yakanaka.
Kumwe kushandiswa kwembeu kubviswa kwemafuta, ayo anoshandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zverunako.
Saizvozvo, zvakaonekwa kuti mafuta anotorwa kubva muchirimwa ichi anogona kushandurwa kuita ethanol sehuni.
Zvadaro, zvakakosha kusimbisa kushandiswa kwemushonga kwakakosha uye kunoreva kudzivirira kwemarariya, sezvo bark richiunza bhenefiti huru mupfungwa iyi.
Kuita tei uchishandisa mashizha emuti uyu kuchabatsirawo zvikuru kune avo vasina kudya kwakanaka, sezvo kurwadziwa kwavo kuchaderera zvakanyanya.
Inoshandiswawo zvakanakisa kumhuka zhinji, kunyanya nzou.
Mhuka idzodzo dzakapedza muchero uyu zvakanyanyisa dzakadhakwa, hongu, kana muchero wacho wakaviriswa, sezvo ichibudisa doro.
Marketing
Uchiri muti une makore anopfuura chiuru enhoroondo, iko zvino wava kuzivikanwa munyika yose, ndicho chikonzero kutengeserana kwawo kwakanyanyisa, kunonyanya kutakurwa kunharaunda dziri pedyo nekurimwa kwayo, ndiko kuti, inzvimbo; Uyezve, kushambadzira kwayo kunonyanya kuitirwa kugadzira cream liqueur, inofarirwa zvakanyanya muAfrica uye nekudaro iri kudiwa zvakanyanya.
Kambani inogadzira chinwiwa ichi iDistell Group yekuSouth Africa. Vakadzi vakawanda vakaona muchero uyu mukana wokutengesa uye kuwana mari yokuwedzera, kunyanya muNamibia, ndima yaigara ichishandisa muchero wacho kune chinangwa chaicho.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kucherechedza kuti mazhinji emabasa ekutengesa avanoita ane chekuita nemuchero uyu kana muti kazhinji akaiswa sezvisina kurongeka, uye anowanzo zadzisa chiitiko ichi neimwe chero ipi zvayo, sezvo kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kubva pamuti uri mubvunzo zvakanyanya kuwedzera mumwaka.
Asi kubva pakupera kwezana remakore rapfuura apo imwe kambani muNamibia yakaona mukana mukuru wekuti mafuta aya aifanira kuishandura kuva mari yehupfumi ye embargo huru, saka yakatanga kuigadzira yakawanda uye yemhando yepamusoro kupfuura iyo yaizivikanwa kusvika panguva iyoyo, uye yakatengesa zvakanyanya, kunyanya zvichibva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuzora zvakagadzirwa nemafuta emuti uyu; Vakadzi vanopfuura zviuru zviviri vanobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa ichi.
Edaphoclimatic mamiriro
Chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kutaurwa munyaya iyi ndeyemamiriro ekunze, ayo anosiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune imwe mhando kuenda kune imwe, iyo mhuka iri padyo neiyo equatorial zone, iyo yave iri birrea, mitsara inochengetedzwa nekugadzikana kukuru uye yakakwirira kupfuura iyo. inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba, tembiricha dzinowanzova pakati pemakumi maviri nemaviri kusvika makumi maviri nepfumbamwe madhigirii celsius.
Kumaodzanyemba, tembiricha inodzikira zvishoma, inosvika gumi nemapfumbamwe kusvika painodarika makumi maviri nematanhatu madhigirii centigrade; zvisinei, tembiricha idzi dzinenge dzegore rose, asi zvinogona kuitika kuti pane mamwe mazuva kana nguva dzegore tembiricha dzinowedzera.
Kune rumwe rutivi, pane izvo zvine hukama nevhu, iro rinofanira kunge rakajeka, izvo zvinoreva kuti ijecha, asi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kune mamwe maenzanisi akaongororwa uye aya ari muvhu zvishoma. ivhu, asi dzinofanira kugara dziine jecha; ivhu rinorema harikodzeri marula.
Saizvozvo, pH yevhu inofanira kuva pakati pezvishanu nenomwe, zvinoreva kuti ine acidic zvishoma. Chechitatu, pane nyaya yekunaya kwemvura, kurudzi urwu, rwuri kudiwa zvikuru, kunaya kwemvura kunofanira kuva pakati pemazana mashanu nechiuru chimwe chete nemazana maviri, asi izvi zvinogona kusiyana kubva kune rumwe rudzi kuenda kune rumwe; Rudzi runonyanya kushivirira nguva dzekusanaya kwemvura ibirrea.
Zvinodiwa pakurima
Kududzwa kwakatoitwa kwezvimwe zvikamu muchikamu chekugara, sezvo chiri pedyo nacho, sezvo apo chipenyu chinokura nemasikirwo zvinoreva kuti mamiriro ezvinhu anobvumira.
Chinhu chikuru ichokwadi chekunyorova, nekuti vanhu vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti nekuti inoitika mumasavanna haidi hunyoro, asi chokwadi ndechekuti inoda chinhu ichi, zvikasadaro yaisazokura zvakanyanya, kunyanya ichiri kuita. yekumera, zvino izvi zvinodzikira.
Mukati meichi nhanho imwe chete iyi, ndiko kuti, iya yekumera, tembiricha dzakanyanya kunaka inzvimbo dzinopisa, saka, tembiricha yakadzikira handiyo yakanyanya kunaka uye haingatombozvimirire.
Saizvozvowo, haufaniri kuisa chirimwa ichi mumumvuri, pane zvinopesana, chinofanira kupa zuva rakananga, sezvinoitika kana iri munzvimbo yaro yepanyama. Ivhu rinofanirwa kuchengeta mvura asi richikwanisawo kuibvisa, zvikasadaro rinogona mafashama rozofa.
Kana tembiricha yakakwira unofanira kudiridza mazuva matatu ega ega, yeuka kuti haidi zvekudiridza, asi haugone kuikanganwa zvachose, kana ikanaya haufanire kuidiridza, nekuti inenge yawana hunyoro hwakakwana. mazuva akawanda.
Kumera kwembeu yeMarula.
Kuti muti uyu ukure, zvakakosha kushandisa mbeu yawo, nyanzvi dzinoratidza kuti ine lactation period uye panguva ino inofanira kumutswa, nekuti kana isingaite inopwanya nenzira inotevera. .
Kuti uite izvi unofanira kubvisa pulp ye nut. Gare gare iwe unofanira kutora walnuts kana walnuts, sezvingave zvakadaro, kune zuva, kwevhiki, kana iri kutonhora kwakanyanya, asi kana yakaderera, inofanira kuva yakareba.
Zvadaro, chaunofanira kuita kuchengeta nzungu inenge yatooma munzvimbo ine mhepo, asi iyo ine mumvuri, panguva ino inofanira kuva isingasviki gumi madhigirii Celsius.
Kana uchida kuti imere nekukurumidza kupfuura zvamazuva ese, chaunofanirwa kuita kusunungura operculum uye nekuda kweizvi zvese zvaunofanirwa kuita kunyudza mbeu kweanenge maawa makumi maviri nemana anoramba achienderera.
Iyi nzira yese ichasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, ivhu, uye huwandu hwekudiridza hunopiwa nemunhu wese, asi kazhinji, uye pasi pemamiriro akakodzera, mushure memwedzi mitatu unogona kuaendesa kumunda Usati wapedza chikamu ichi, zvakakosha kuti utaure kuti nguva yakanyatsokodzera yekuaendesa kumunda kana mwaka wekunaya kwemvura watanga, sezvo izvi zvichabvumira budiriro yakanaka.
Marula oiri anoshandisa
Chimwe chechokwadi chinoda kuziva pamusoro pemafuta anoburitswa kubva mhodzi dzemarula ndechekuti muAfrica mune vanhu vakawanda vanofarira kuishandisa kuita hutsanana vasati vashandisa mvura.
Saizvozvowo, mafuta aya anogadzirwa kuti agadzire antioxidants, pamwe nezvimwe zvizoro zvinogara zvichienderana nekuchengetwa kweganda kwakakodzera, semafuta; Iko kune dzimwe nyaya dzakanakira ganda remwana, iro rakatetepa kupfuura revakuru, uye rakavakirwa pamafuta aya anoshamisa.
Iyo inewo mashandisiro ayo mune gastronomy, sezvo inoshandiswa kufryer zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudya; kugadzira zvipfeko, saladi nezvimwe.
Chibereko
Uyu muti unopa muchero wakapfuma kwazvo, asi kwete chete nekuda kwekunaka kwayo, asi nokuti une zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira zvikuru muviri, uye vanhu vazhinji vanotoisa muchero uyu mukudya kwavo.
Chimiro cheichi chine mhodzi mbiri kana nhatu, ukuru hwemuchero wakafanana nehwando asi yakati kurei, apo muchero wacho uri kukura wakasvibira, asi kana waibva waita yero.
Panyaya yemuchero uyu, zvakakosha kuti titaure kuti hauibva uri pamuti, asi kuti kana wadonha pasi, ndipo panochinja ruvara rwawo, kunyangwe ukavhurwa unoona kuti pulp. chena. Ukachiyedza unoona kuti inotapira, uyezve ukaibata unoona kuti kupfava kwayo, vanhu vazhinji vanoenzanisa magadzirirwo uye flavour nemango.
Humwe uchapupu hunotaura kuti mimwe michero inogona kushaya kunaka; Pakati pezvinhu zvayo pane vitamini C, ndicho chikonzero inogara ichidyiwa; Asi handiyo chete pfuma inobatsira zvikuru kumvura, ndosaka vanhu vanofamba munzvimbo dzavanogara vachiwanzovatora nzendo refu, sezvo ichigadzira simba uye hydration.
Muchero uyu unogona kudyiwa mutsva kana kubikwa, zvichienderana nekuravira uye kudiwa kwemunhu wega wega, sejamu, zvinotapira, sirasi, muto, zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, doro uye nezvimwe zvinogona kugadzirwa.
Medicinal properties attributed to marula
Mugore rose kune mishonga yakawanda yakapihwa Marula, kunyangwe hazvo zvichifanira kucherechedzwa kuti hapana kana imwe yenheyo yakasimbiswa nesainzi zvinhu, asi izvo zvakaedza chirimwa, mbeu, mafuta, nekuda kwemishonga. kuti inoshanda zvachose.
Semuenzaniso, bark remuti uyu rave richishandiswa kakawanda kugadzira infusions uye zvinyorwa kuti zvibvise zvinotevera kana zviratidzo:
- chirwere cheshuga
- Malariya
- Zvironda zvemudumbu
- Dysentery
- Hemorrhoids
- antidiarrheal
Iyo yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya ndeyemarariya, asi haina hwaro hwesainzi uye saka kushandiswa kwayo hakuna kupararira. Muchiitiko chekushanda sechirwere chekudzivirira, zvakaratidzwa, sezvo chirimwa chine procyanidin.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mashizha emuti uyu anewo pfuma inogona, iyo inonzi flavonoids, saka, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pane kucheka, kurumwa kana zvakadaro, inoshandiswa kunyaradza ganda. Kunyanya kuTanzania inoshandiswa kune scabies, yakambobikwa uye midzi inoiswa panzvimbo yakakanganiswa.
Muchiitiko chekutambudzika nedysentery, bark nemadzinde zvakasanganiswa ne carbonate zvinoshandiswa.
kushandiswa kwetsika
Munyaya ino yose, kutaurwa kwakaitwa kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kunopiwa marula, kunyanya sechizoro uye semushonga, asi haisi iyo chete inoshandiswa inopiwa kune chibereko ichi, sezvo muAfrica vanotsvaga chero chinhu. Kugadzira kumwe kushandiswa kwemuti uyu nemuchero wawo, vanotsvaga nzira dzekuwedzera kukosha kwavo, kuwedzera kurima kwavo.
Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi zvose, pamwero wetsika, sangano reAfrica rinoshandisa mumitambo yaro, semuenzaniso munharaunda yeNigeria, vanowanzoshandisa bark, kuitira kuti vadzivirire kubva kune nyoka.
Saizvozvowo, bark extract inoshandiswa kuchenesa muviri kuburikidza nekugeza; Mukuwedzera, chikamu chimwe chete ichi chemuti chinoshandiswa pakuvhima, kana uchiuraya mhuka, iyo yakatorwa yakapedzwa kare, inotendwa kuti izvi zvinopa kudzivirira mweya wemhuka kuti uurawe.
Chimwe chisingagoni kufuratirwa ndechekuti chidimbu chechirimwa ichi chinoshandiswawo kuteya n’anga dzakasiyana uye kubvisa kutukwa kwakasiyana-siyana pamunhu. Pamusoro pazvo, vanhu vemuAfrica vanowanzoungana vakatenderedza vaMarula kuti vaite mhando dzakasiyana dzetsika.
Mbeu
Mbeu yakawanikwa kubva muchirimwa ichi yakataurwa kakawanda muchinyorwa chino, asi chikamu ichi chichakurukura nezvacho zvakadzama.
Chinhu chikuru chekutaura ndechokuti chibereko chimwe nechimwe chinogona kuva nembeu mbiri kusvika kune nhatu, asi chimwe chinhu chisina kutaurwa ndechokuti chinogona kudyiwa zvakananga kana kuti chinogona kudyiwa kuburikidza nemamwe magadzirirwo, akadai semafuta ataurwa; Saizvozvowo, inogayiwawo kugadzira hupfu uye pakupedzisira kugadzira zvimwe zvidya zvegastronomic zvakajairika mukondinendi yeAfrica.
Panyaya yekuravira kwayo, yakangofanana neyenzungu, chinhu chine zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, ndosaka ichikurudzirwa zvakanyanya pakudya uye kazhinji kudyiwa, nekuti muviri unoda rudzi urwu rwekudya. Mbeu iyi iri munharaunda yeAfrica chiratidzo chinoreva kubereka.
Ukabvisa oiri kubva muMarula unogona kuishandisa kubvudzi rako, sezvo richiriita chikafu, saizvozvowo ganda rako rinogonawo kubatsirikana kubva kune mhodzi nemafuta, kunyanya kana uine ganda rakaoma, kuoma uku kunoderera. uye hutsvuku huchaderera, huchipa ganda rako nevhudzi chimiro chakanaka.