Mars inyika yechina mukurongeka kwechinhambwe chinoiparadzanisa kubva kune nyeredzi mambo, zuva uye yechipiri diki mupasirese yezuva, mushure meMercury. Yakatora chirevo chayo maererano nemwari wehondo wengano dzeRoma, uye nenzira imwechete iyo inowanzoitwa se "nyika dzvuku" nekuda kwekumiririra ine tsvuku tsvuku inopa iyo yepamusoro iron oxide pamusoro payo. Taurawo nezve '' kutenderera uye kushandura kweMars '' inyaya inofadza chaizvo yatichange tichitarisa mukufamba kwechinyorwa chino.
Mars Zvimiro
Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuratidza humwe hunhu hwepasi rino kuitira kududzira dhigirii rekutenderera uye dudziro yeMars.
1. Telluric planet
mars ndizvo inoratidzwa nekuve nyeredzi telluric ine mhepo yakatetepa yecarbon dioxide, mwedzi midiki miviri uye ine chimiro chisina kujairika. Saka, masatellite aya, anozivikanwa sePhobos uye Deimos, maererano nemasayendisiti, anogona kutorwa asteroids akafanana neTrojan asteroid Eureka.
2. Kufanana nePasi
Kune rumwe rutivi, maitiro avo epamusoro anoyeuchidza makoronga ari paMwedzi, pamwe chete nemipata, magwenga, uye kunyange mazaya echando anowanikwa panyika yedu. Mars dzimwe nguva inoonekwa sea nyika inogarika.
3. Nguva yekutenderera kweMars
Chikamu chekutenderera uye kutenderera kwemwaka kwepasi reMars dzakafanana nedziri paNyika, sezvo ikozvino iri iyo inokonzera mwaka kuumba.
4. Ine gomo rinoputika
Mars dzimba Gomo reOlympus, rinozivikanwa segomo guru kwazvo rinoputika uye gomo rechipiri pakukwirira inozivikanwa kuva mugadziriro yezuva. Saizvozvowo, inopa Valles Marineris, imwe yeakatangira canyon e solar system.
5. Boreal Basin
Iyo flat Boreal Basin rinowanikwa kunyanya kuNorthern Hemisphere, rakatenderedza 40% yepasirese uye rinogona kuva rakasiyana nemamwe mabhomba anotyisa.Zvisinei, masayendisiti akawanda akataura kuti kuonekwa kweizvi kunogona kufanana nenyika isina upenyu, kufunga zvisiri izvo .
6. Minda yeDune
Minda yedune yepasi Mars inoramba ichitakurwa neiyo Martian Wind, polar caps yavo ine simba rekuchinja nemwaka uye panotoita sekunge kune kudiki kwemwaka kuzvimba kwemvura yakakosha.
7. Hukama neastrobiology
Masayendisiti akawanda akaongorora kana pane hupenyu panyika yeMartian, Naizvozvo, kuferefeta kweramangwana rekuongorora nyeredzi kuri kutorongwa, kusanganisira yeNASA Mars 2020 uye ESA's ExoMars. Tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge zvakawanda nezve rwendo rwekuMars nezvazvinoreva.
8. Nyaya yemvura
mvura iri mumvura haigone kuvepo pamusoro peMars nekuda kwekudzika kwayo kwemhepo, iyo inowirirana zvakapetwa ka100 pane yePasi, kunze kwenzvimbo dzakaderera mukukwirira kwenguva pfupi.
9. Upper Planet
Mars inoonekwa seimwe yemapuraneti akawanda ari muchadenga akakura kupfuura nyika yedu, uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusaita chimwe chinhu uye hapana zvishoma nekuda kwekutenderera kwayo, nekuti haimboyambuka iyo yePasi pedyo namambo nyeredzi. Nguva dzavo hadzina kuvharwa zvakanaka, chokwadi chiri nyore kuratidza geometrically.
Kutenderera uye shanduro yeMars
Avhareji nzira yakanyorwa pakati peMars neZuva inosvika mamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu emakiromita uye nguva yayo yekutenderera i687 Earth days. Zuva rezuva reMars rakakwirira kudarika repasi redu; kuti zvive zvakanyanya: maawa makumi maviri nemana, maminitsi 24 uye 39 masekondi. Ichi chiri chirevo chakajeka chokuti gore paMars rine kukosha kwe 35,244 makore paNyika, izvo zvingava, kuti zvive zvakanyanya: kana gore 1,8809 iro rinewo mazuva 1 nemaawa 320..
Orbit yepasi reMars
La orbit yeplanet mars iri 25,19º maererano nendege yayo yedenderedzwa, inofananidzwa neAxial current yePasi.20 Somugumisiro, Mars ine mwaka seNyikaZvisinei, ikoko dzakakura zvakapetwa kaviri nekuti nzvimbo yadzo ye orbital yakakura zvikuru. Muchirevo chekutenderera kwayo, zvinonakidza kutaura nezve mafungiro pamusoro pePluto uye kuiswa kwayo sepasi.
Mukurongeka kwemazano aya, Mars ine akati wandei hunhu hunoita kuti ive nyika yakasarudzika, sezvo ichifungidzira kushomeka kweiyo orbital inosvika 0,09ː87, nzvimbo yacho ichinyatsoita, pakati peaphelion yayo uye perihelion yayo, zvichikonzera trajectory inopa nyeredzi iyi. namambo wenyeredzi wemakiromita anenge mamiriyoni 42,4.
Panyeredzi dzisina basa dzesolar system chete Mercury inoratidza hukuru hwekutenderera.
Nekuda kwedata rakawanda rinopa ruzivo rwakanakisa kubva kune vane mukurumbira masayendisiti Tycho Brahe, Kepler, sainzi uye nzanga vakakwanisa kuona kuti yakanga isipo uye yakauya kuzozivisa yakasiiwa yeastral orbits, yakaratidzwa kusvika panguva iyoyo sekutenderera.
Rwendo pakati peMars nePasi
El nzira iri pakati peMars nePasi inogona kuunza kumwe kugadziridzwa kwakatenderedza maitiro avo akasiyana. Chimwe chokwadi chinokatyamadza nyanzvi ndechekuti kana tichitaura nezve madaro emakiromita 399 miriyoni, pane hukama pakati penyika dzinoverengeka muzuva. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kuongorora zvakanyanya nezve NASA yakawanikwa izvo zvakavhenekera Mars.
Nekune rumwe rutivi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana tichitaura nezve nzira dziya dzine madaro mapfupi, pakati pe90 ne56 mamiriyoni emakiromita, dzinopa nguva yakareba yemazuva masere nehafu maererano nezvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuitika pakati pavo..
Muhurongwa uhu hwemazano, panguva inoverengerwa nguva ine chinhambwe chingangoita mamirioni makumi matanhatu emakiromita, dhayamita yakanyoreswa yeMars inosvika makumi maviri neshanu, iyi iri dhata rechikamu che -60, Kuve iyo iyo nyika inopenya zvakanyanya kunze kweiyo Venus. Tichifunga nezve hudiki hwepasi reMartian, ruzivo rwayo rweteresikopu runotoratidza kushanda pakati penguva dzinotangira nekutevera makwikwi.
Muna 2003, Mars yakaswedera pedyo zvikuru neNyika mumakore angangoita 60.000 55,76, pamakiromita mamiriyoni XNUMX chete. Nguva yekupedzisira yakanga iri mumamiriro epedyo akadaro, maererano nekuverenga kwemusayendisiti weItaly Vitagliano.
Mhedziso maererano nekutenderera uye kushandura kweMars
Isu tinoziva kuti kana nyeredzi dziri kure neZuva, ndiko kukura kwe orbit yekuita. Mars iri pakati pemakiromita emamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu maererano neZuva, iine nguva yekutenderera kwemazuva 230 panyika yedu. Nenzira iyi, chinhambwe ichi hachingokanganisa nguva inosiyana pakuita kutenderera nekushandurwa kweMars, asi zvakare inokonzeresa mamiriro ekunze.
Kutenderera kweMars
Imwe pfungwa inofanirwa kutariswa pasina mubvunzo ndeye mars rotation uye kuti uzviverenge, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwekuti mavara anogona kuonekwa pasina mubvunzo munzvimbo imwe neimwe yenzvimbo yavo, ayo anowanzo yematoni akasviba (matema) uye akatsanangurwa zvakanaka, ndiwo mapoinzi akanakisa uko nyanzvi dzakasiyana dzakawana. data yakanaka..
Kune rimwe divi, mugore re1666, Cassini akarimisa pa24 h 40 min, kukosha kuri padyo neiyo yechokwadi. Mupfungwa iyi, zvinofanirwa kutariswa kuti kana nguva yemakore mazana matatu ichiverengerwa kubva kune dzakasiyana pfungwa dzichitaura nezvepasi reMars, zvinogona kutariswa kuti ivo vakapihwa mhedzisiro yekutanga kukosha kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana neinenge 300 maminetsi uye. kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka, pamwe nemasekondi 24 kusvika kuzuva renyeredzi. Mars inotenderera inopesana newachi, kungofanana neNyika.
Avhareji Nguva yeZuva inotora maawa makumi maviri nemana, maminitsi makumi mana nerimwe uye 24 masekondi. Zuva rezuva paMars rine, zvakafanana nePasi, kutsungirira kwakasiyana. Nekudaro, paMars musiyano wakakura nekuda kwekunyanya kushomeka kwayo.
Dudziro yeMars
Pakupedzisira, gore paMars rine nguva ye687 mazuva enyika. Kureva kuti pasi rino rine makore maviri emazuva 668 pamakore matatu ega ega emazuva 669. Uku kuve kukosha kwekutenderera uye shanduro yeMars.
