Vanhu, sezvo vakashandisa zviwanikwa zvechisikigo, vakazvishandura kuti vazvipinze muzvibatsiro zvemararamiro avo, sekushandisa huni dzemiti kugadzira vhiri, dzimba, magwa, nezvimwe. Nezvechisikirwo ichi, munhu akashandura zvisikwa kuti azvidyise, kuzvivakira, zvifambiso, simba nemvura, kupfuura miganhu yekuvandudzwa kwezvisikwa. Tinokukumbira kuti uverenge muchinyorwa chino kuti Shanduko yeChisikwa yave sei.
Kuchinja Kwezvakasikwa
Iko Shanduko yeMasikirwo inocherechedzwa nekukanganisa kwechisikigo chiitiko, mukushanduka kwayo uye izvi zvakaitwa mumamiriyoni emakore kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Kunyangwe Shanduko yeChisikwa yakaitwawo nevanhu munhoroondo yavo yese vachishandisa zviwanikwa zvavo kuvandudza hupenyu hwavo, kusimudzira nzvimbo dzehuwandu, tekinoroji uye mapurojekiti ehydraulic. Kuuya kuzokanganisa kugona kwayo kuzvigadzira patsva zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwe ecological.
Munhu Anoshandura Chisikwa, paanoshandisa zviwanikwa kugutsa zvinodikanwa zvenguva ino uye izvi zvinosanganisira kushandura mamiriro echisikigo kune imwe tsika kana nzvimbo yekugadzira, pamwero muduku kana mukuru. Nekuda kweizvi, nharaunda yakasikwa yakashandurwa pane diki diki yekupindira kwechisikigo nharaunda inoonekwa, senge yekumaruwa. Kungofanana nemhoteredzo yechisikigo inogona kushandurwa pamwero mukuru kana ichicherekedza indasitiri, yemaguta, yekurima kana imwe budiriro, uko pasina chinhu chemhoteredzo yechisikigo yaivepo isati yashandurwa inogona kucherechedzwa.
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Shanduko yeMasikirwo ine zvayakanakira uye zvakaipa. Sezvimiro zvakanaka, mapurojekiti anowanikwa nevanhu kuti vawane pekugara, chikafu, kutaurirana, mvura yekunwa uye dzimwe shanduko muzviwanikwa zvinoonekwa. Nepo kukanganisa kwakashata kuri kukukurwa kwezviwanikwa zvepasi nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwakanyanya, kurasikirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu, izvo zvinoguma nekudzikira kwezviwanikwa. Izvi munguva refu zvinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu, kunze kwekunge mafungiro akachinjwa uye nzvimbo yakasikwa inoremekedzwa.
Shanduko yenzvimbo nemunhu
Mamiriro echisikigo uye chimiro chayo chinoshandurwa zvakasikwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kudyidzana pakati pe biotic uye abiotic zvinhu kune yakakura kana diki dhigirii inoshandura hunhu. Zvisineyi, vanhu vave hunyanzvi hwekutora chikamu chezviwanikwa zvinovatendera kuti vabatsirwe nekukurumidza, muhuwandu hukuru, kushandura kuenzana kwezvisikwa.
Sezvineiwo, sezvo Masikirwo ari Kushandurwa nenzira yekuti nharaunda inokanganiswa nekushandiswa kwakanyanya kwechisikigo uye zviwanikwa zvevanhu, zvichikonzera kusvibiswa kwezviwanikwa zvese pamatanho akasiyana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kugadzikana uye kurarama kwezviwanikwa zvepasi kuri kuwedzera kuomarara, pamwe nezvose biotic zvinhu zvinosanganisira vanhu.
Zvese zviri zviviri biotic uye abiotic zvinhu zvinogara zvichishandura zvisikwa. Zvinhu zveAbiotic zvakaita basa rakakura muShanduro yeChisikwa, kana mazera echando aitika, anoitika nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye kugadzira nzvimbo nyowani, mitumbi yemvura yakaita semadziva matsva, nzizi uye kubuda kwemakomo, mipata, savannas uye. vamwe, zvakasikwa uye kuburikidza nemaitiro anononoka.
Sezvo zvisikwa zvinoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvakadaro, pane zviitiko zvechisikigo zvinoita sezvinokonzeresa uye zvinoshandura zvisikwa nekukasira, kana kudengenyeka kwenyika, madutu, tsunami, kana zvimwe zvikaitika, izvo zvinozoitika. Nekune rimwe divi, biotic factor senge vanhu, inokwanisa Shandura Chisikwa nenzira inoenderera uye nekukasira kuita mapurojekiti ayo uye nekuchinja mamiriro echisikigo enzvimbo yedhorobha. Mimwe mienzaniso.
- Misha nemataundi
- maguta maduku
- Maguta makuru seParis, New York, Tokyo, maguta umo nharaunda yakasikwa yakashandurwa zvachose
- Kuvandudzwa kwezvidyarwa zvemagetsi, zvigadziriso zveoiri, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi emagetsi, mhepo, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi enyukireya nezvimwe
- Madhamu kana matura
- nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri nemafekitari
- Yakavhurika gomba migodhi, zvichikonzera kutemwa kwemiti nemakwenzi, kuparadzwa kwenzizi nzira, ivhu, nzvimbo
- Kuvakwa kwemabhiriji, migwagwa mikuru, migwagwa, nedzimwe nzira dzekufambisa mashoko
- Telecommunications network, kubva parunhare kuenda painternet uye kumwe kufambira mberi
- Nzvimbo yekurima, zvipfuyo, masango, kurima kwemadhorobha
- kufamba kwendege
- Zvikepe zvakawanda mumakungwa nemumakungwa
- Zviwi zvekugadzira
- Iyi Shanduko yeMasikirwo inoitwa sei?
Munhu akatanga muitiro wake weShanduro yeChisikwa nokurega kuva mufambi uye achigara munzvimbo, achichinja nzira yake yokuzvipa amene nezvokudya bedzi kupfurikidza nokuvhima mhuka huru nokuredza, kubatanidza kudyarwa kwemiti nokuda kwezvokudya zvake. Nekuda kweizvi, aifanira kugara kwenguva yakareba munzvimbo yekukohwa michero, pano kupatsanurwa kwebasa pakati pevarume nevakadzi kunotanga. Murume akazvipira kuvhima uye mukadzi kune zvekurima nekuchengeta vana.
Nzvimbo yacho inotanga kuchinja kuti igadzirise nzvimbo dzekudyara uye kuti vazvidzivirire, vanotanga kuvaka dzimba, nekufamba kwenguva dzimba nemafekitari zvakabatanidzwa uye guta rinogadzirwa, rine dzimwe dzimba uye zvivakwa zviduku pamwe chete nenzira dzekukurukurirana. Sezvo iine vanhu uye masosi ebasa anogadzirwa, inoshanduka kubva kumaruwa, kusvika yave nzvimbo yemuguta.
Iyi Shanduko yeMasikirwo, yakashandura mamiriro echisikigo, kune yekumaruwa, kusvika yasvika kune imwe nzvimbo yeguta kubva kune madiki madiki kuenda kumaguta makuru, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, nzvimbo yaimbove yakasikwa, vanhu vakauya kuzochinja kubva panzvimbo yakazara. zvizere zvevanhu uye zvivakwa, senge zvivakwa zvakakura uye mabasa ezvivakwa zvemudhorobha utility.
Kuti uchinje kune zvisikwa, zvinotanga nekubviswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, zvakadai sezvinomera, nzvimbo, kutsauka kwenzizi, kushandurwa kwevhu. Kana nzvimbo ichinge yagadzirwa, kuvakwa kwezvivakwa kunotanga kuti zvibatsire, uye nenzira iyi mamiriro echisikigo anoshanduka kune iyo yakasarudzika nzvimbo.
Chimiro Chekushandura Muenzaniso
Mukukunda kweAmerica kondinendi, kusiyana kwemasimba eSpain, Portuguese neChirungu kunoonekwa munzvimbo dzavakasimbiswa. Zvinogona kuonekwa mukusimudzirwa kwemadhorobha emaguta eColombia, ayo akakura asingateveri chirongwa chebudiriro chakarongwa uye parizvino chiri kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza sekukukurwa kwevhu. Izvi zvichida zvakakonzerwa nekuti humambo hweSpain hwaive humambo hwemudhorobha, hwakasimbisa maguta kwaakawana zviwanikwa, angave ari emigodhi kana zvekurima, izvo zvakabva zvabatanidzwa nezviteshi.
Nekunyatsocherechedza nzira iyi yekugadzira maguta nevaSpanish, zvinokwanisika kuratidza mutsauko pakati pekugara kwevaSpanish maererano nebasa rakaitwa nemaPutukezi. MaPutukezi akatanga nyika ine manyuko makuru ezviwanikwa ari pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, uye panzvimbo pacho maSpanish aitarisira kuverenga zviwanikwa zvakasiyana zvenzvimbo uye vozotanga maguta.
Maererano nechikonzero ichi, guta rimwe nerimwe raidzora ndima uye raitarisirwa kubva muhoro yeguta. Uyu ndiye aitonga kubva panzvimbo iyoyo zviwanikwa zvemigodhi, mvura, ivhu, uye vashandi vaigara munzvimbo idzi. Kuchinja kukuru kana kushoma kuita maguta makuru kwaienderana nehupfumi hwepanyama hunowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakundwa, uye idzi dzaitungamirirwa nevakuru vemaguta.
Panyaya yeColombia, vakundi veSpain vakagara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemaguta kubva kwavaitonga. Pakazosvika gore ra1550, idzi nzvimbo dzemumaguta dzakabatanidzwa uye nemusi iwoyo pakanga patove ne93 maguta akabatanidzwa. Yakavakwa mumaguta, mataundi, matunhu, nemataundi eko.
Ava vagari vomumaguta ekutanga enyika iyoyo, 28 akavakwa paurefu hunodarika 2.000 metres pamusoro pegungwa; Zviverengero zvevanhu 24 paurefu huri pakati pemamita 1.000 2.000 ne41 1.000, pamateru; uye imwe 1600 pakakwirira isingasviki 150 metres mudunhu reTierra Caliente. Pakazosvika gore raXNUMX mamwe maguta zana nemakumi mashanu akanga atotangwa, ane zvimiro zvemaguta, mataundi uye paramende.
Nharaunda yakanga ine simba rakawanda kana shoma zvichienderana nehupfumi hwavaiva nahwo uye vaikwanisa, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugara kwevanhu dzakagadziridzwa uye dzakashandurwa zvichienderana nemhanzi iyo zviwanikwa zvakashandiswa, sezvinoonekwa mumaguta ezviwanikwa kubva mumigodhi, iyo. yakakura zvichienderana nekuwanda kwehupfumi hwemigodhi yavo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, apo pfuma yezvinopiwa zvavo zvendarama yakapera, maguta akanga achipera simba uye akasiyiwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kwezana ramakore regumi nesere kumhanya kwekugadzwa uye nheyo dzekugara kwevanhu kutsva kunomhanyisa kune rhythm yevazhinji vanotama vachiuya kunyanya kubva kunzvimbo dzakakwirira kuenda kumateru, izvo zvakapa kuti pekugara kubva kuAntioquia, Santander, Boyacá uye kumwe kwaigara savannas Caribbean.. Kubva pakubatanidzwa kutsva uku kwemaguta, kunobva uko kunosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemaguta aripo eColombia anosimuka uye, kushandurwa kwenzvimbo yechisikigo kuenda kunzvimbo yekugadzira inotongwa nemaguta akatenuka, ayo anotanga kukura mukupera kwezana ramakore regumi nemasere uye. XIX remakore.
Mizhinji yenzvimbo idzi dzinogara dzakabatanidzwa pamateru emakomo. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvakaitika nekuda kweShanduko yenzvimbo dzeMasikirwo dzakashandiswa munzvimbo dzakadzikama uye dzinodziya dzepasi uye, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwekutengeserana nezvigadzirwa zvekunze. Nenguva dzakazotevera, nzvimbo dzekugara dzakavambwa pamateru eAndean ari akananga kuLlanos nenzvimbo dziri padyo neRwizi rweMagdalena.
Munzvimbo dzakaderera idzi nhoroondo, haciendas yakavambwa nerudzi rwakagara rwuripo rwehupfumi hwekuwedzera mombe. Nekuderera kwemaguta emaguta ekutonga ari ega, ayo aisabvumira mubatanidzwa wemadhorobha, zvichiita kuti veruzhinji vashaye simba. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti panguva yekoloni nzvimbo dzekugara dzaive pakati pemapani nemipata yeRwizi rweMagdalena, ichisiya nzvimbo dzakakura dzemateru eAndean, nzvimbo dzepakati, pasina kupindira, nekuda kwekuti pakanga paine nzvimbo dzakakura dzehuni zvekuti shanduko yavo yaireva kushanda. , zvishoma panguva iyoyo.
Shanduko yenzvimbo dzeMasikirwo dzakaitwa kumisikidza kurima kunze kwenyika, iyo quinas, iyo masango ari mumakomo, uye kugadzirwa kweminda yekofi, zvichireva kuti zvigadzirwa izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kusimudzira basa, kuwedzera kurima. kumuganhu wemakomo. Mamiriro ekutanga ekofi muCundinamarca akagadzwa pedyo neLa Mesa neViotá muna 1867. Nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kweminda yekofi iyi, kucheneswa kwemasango kwakatanga uye huni hwakabviswa hwakashandiswa kuvaka guta reBogotá.
Nechepamusoro-soro, zvinoita sekunge budiriro dzekurima dzakazvimirira munzvimbo dzakakwirira nedzakadzikira, asi pachokwadi dzinopindirana, izvi imhaka yekuti zvirimwa zvavo zvakasiyana, vanoshandisa midziyo yekurima yakasiyana uye zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana. Vhiki rega rega musika waiitirwa muLa Mesa, dhorobha reCundinamarca, yaive nzvimbo yekutsinhana nezvigadzirwa kubva kuminda yese yakarimwa mumakomo marefu uye munzvimbo dzakadzika.
Shanduko yeColombia Nature yaive mhedzisiro yekuvandudzwa kwekurima kofi kwakashandura materu eAndean uye nekuchinja uku kubuda kwekurima kutsva. Muna 1851, uswa hwePará hwakaunzwa pakurima kwemafuro uye kushandiswa kwewaya yeminzwa kubva muna 1870, kwakabatsira kusarudza mhando dzemombe uye kuenda kunorima zvakanyanya. Mufambo unobva pakupfuya mombe wakakura uchienda kunopfuya mombe dzakakura wakachinja mamiriro enzvimbo dzemapani eCaribbean, ayo emipata yepakati peAndean neOrinoquia. Inotaridzirwa kukanganisa kukuru kune zvakatipoteredza muColombia yemazuva ano.
Nenzira iyi, pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kurima kutsva kwakabuda, kune hunyanzvi hwekuita, kubva munzvimbo dzayo dzakadzika nekubatanidzwa kwezvirimwa zvitsva zvakanyanyisa, nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwemichina yekurima, mafetireza uye mamwe maagrochemicals, uye kuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano. yemigwagwa.nenzira dzekufambisa; saizvozvowo, nzvimbo dzakaderera dzakashandurwa nekubatanidzwa kwekupfuya zvakanyanya.
Uku kuchinjwa kwenzvimbo huru dzenzvimbo dzomusikirwo kwakaguma nokuwedzera kukuru kwechiverengero chavagari vemo chayo, kuchinyoresa kuti nokuda kwegore ra 1905, Colombia yakanga ine chiverengero chavagari vemo chavagari vemo vanenge mamiriyoni 4, chiverengero chavagari vapasi chakafanana zvikuru neicho pamavambo orukundo rweSpain. Uye nhasi chiverengero chayo chavagari vemo chakawedzera uye chiri munhevedzano yavagari vemo vanopfuura mamiriyoni 45.
Uku kusvetuka kukuru mukuwanda kwevanhu kunoonekwa muguta rine maguta reBogotá, guta guru reRepublic of Colombia, iro rakanga riine vagari vangangosvika 100.000 pakutanga kwezana ramakore rekupedzisira rechi8 uye nhasi vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni masere vanogara imomo. Kana ichienzaniswa nokuwedzera kwevanhu munyika yacho yose, iyo yakakura neka12 muzana remakore, dzimbahwe rayo raiva nenhamba yevagari vemo neka80. Shanduko kubva kune imwe nyika yekumaruwa kuenda kune yedhorobha yakaitika nekuda kweshanduko yezvipenyu zvechisikigo zvepasirese yenyika iyoyo, ine mutengo wakanyanya wezvakatipoteredza.
Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekuziva zvinoshamisa zvechisikigo uye maitiro ekuzvichengeta, nekuverenga zvinotevera zvinyorwa:
- Musiyano Pakati peEcology uye Zvakatipoteredza
- Nzvimbo Yakasikwa uye Yetsika
- Environment Effect kuongorora