Nyika iri kutarisana nedambudziko rechokwadi rekusvibiswa kwemvura, izvo zvakamutsa kunetseka kukuru uye kudiwa kwekutsvaga mhinduro, sezvo nyika ine 1% chete yemvura yakakodzera kushandiswa uye zvishoma nezvishoma tiri kusvibisa pasi rose. Pano tinopa zvinokonzeresa, zvinokonzeresa uye zvinogoneka mhinduro, kusanganisira iyo Classification yeResidual Mvura, kuitira kuti tive nekurapa kwakakwana. Shingairira, verenga uye uite!
Wastewater Classification
Wastewater Classification itsika yakagamuchirwa kwemamwe makore kuitira kugadzira nzira dzekurapa kuitira kumisa kana kudzoreredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kurongeka kwavo kunotsamira zvakananga pahuwandu hwezvinhu zvine muchetura zvavanazvo, zvakare zvinopesvedzera kuti nyaya yacho yakanyungudika here kana kumiswa uye zvine musoro kwayakabva.
Musiyano uripo pakati petsvina nemvura yakasara unofanirwa kuverengerwa, nekuti yekutanga inobva mukushandiswa kwemumba uye yechipiri musanganiswa wemvura yemumaindasitiri neyemumba. Asi pamusoro peizvi, mvura yetsvina inogona kunge iri yemumba, maindasitiri nemadhorobha.
Mvura yakasara
Mvura dzakasara ndedziya dzinorasikirwa nemidziyo yavo nekuda kwemaitiro ezvinosvibisa, izvo zvinogona kuve zvechisikigo kana kugadzirwa uye kushandurwa nekusatendeseka kwekuita kwemunhu. Izvi zvakakanganisa uye zvakanangana neaquifers, makungwa, nzizi nemadziva asingakwanise kutora uye kumisa mutoro uyu wakasviba, zvichikonzera kusaenzana kwezvipenyu, saka vanorega kuve tsime rekupa.
Kutanga kubva panzvimbo iyi, zvakakosha kuti uzive kupatsanurwa kwemvura yetsvina kubva kumabasa epamba, inonziwo tsvina, inoshandirwa kana tsvina, uye iyo inogadzirwa nemaindasitiri ane chepfu yakanyanya. Nekudaro, kukosha kwekumisikidza nzira dzekurapa kwayo inovimbisa kushandiswa kwayo kunotevera kana kudzoka nenzira yakarapwa uye isingakuvadzi kune kwayo kwainogashira.
Hunhu hwemvura yakasviba
Mvura yakasviba inopa zvinhu mumatunhu akasiyana zvinogona kunyungudutswa, kumiswa kana kusimba uye colloidal, kureva, inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri kana kupfuura. Mvura idzi dzine ruvara rwakanyanya, hwema, tembiricha, turbidity uye density mamiriro ayo zvinoenderana nekuti yakawanda sei organic zvinhu inowanikwa mumvura inoburitsa kurasikirwa kweokisijeni.
Pakati pezvinhu izvi organic zvinhu zvinosanganiswa zvikuru sehydrogen, kabhoni, nitrogen, sarufa uye oxygen. Zvisaririra zvemhuka nemiriwo, oiri senge marara emumaindasitiri kana emumba uye ma surfactants anofanirwawo kuverengerwa. Saizvozvowo, kune zvipenyu zvipenyu zvinokanganisa muviri wemvura, pakati pavo pane fungi uye mabhakitiriya anobvumira kuora.
Kwakabva Mvura Yakasviba
Munhu anga achisvibisa mvura nenzira yakanyanyisa mukusimudzira mabasa avo ezuva nezuva. Kushatiswa kwemitumbi yemvura kunogona kubva kune kwakasiyana siyana se: maindasitiri, epamba, evaraidzo, ekurima uye zvipfuyo. Mukuwedzera kune izvi, zvakakosha kuziva huwandu uye rudzi rwemakemikari uye bacteriological zvinhu izvo zvingave nazvo maererano nekwakabva. Imwe neimwe yenzira idzo mvura yetsvina inotanga nayo inotsanangurwa pazasi.
Domestic Wastewater
Mvura yakasviba yemumba ndiyo chibereko chebasa rezuva nezuva uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari uye organic agents izvo zvinopedzisira zvasvibisa mvura yakawanda. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekushandisa sipo, detergents, girisi, oiri, fecal residues uye weti, pakati pezvimwe. Izvi zvinopedzisira zvapwanya mabviro chaiwo emvura, yoishandura kuita murwi wemvura isingawanzo shandiswa zvakare. Mvura idzi dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka makuru maviri, mvura nhema uye grey mvura.
Mvura nhema: Mvura idzi ndedziya dzinobva mumineral kana organic substances. Kana zvasvika kune mamineral mavambo, inoreva huwandu hwesedimentation iyo inogona kuve nayo sezvo ichiuya kubva pasi pevhu. Panyaya yekusvibiswa kweiyo organic mavambo, ndiyo iyo mvura iine tupukanana tunodya pane yakafa organic zvinhu, kuora misimboti yepakutanga yechinhu ichi, avo vanokonzeresa kunhuhwirira kwakashata uye kutaridzika.
Grey mvura: Imhando yemvura isina kunyanya tsvina yetsvina. Dzinobva pazviitwa zvemumba zvakaita sekuwacha, kukwesha sirabhu, kugeza, kugeza maoko. Iwo anonyanya kuve nemafuta mashoma kana mafuta, saka anogona kushandiswa zvakare, kunyanya mukudiridza, nenzira yezvakatipoteredza.
Urban Wastewater
Aya ndiwo akabatana seti yemvura dzese dzinobva kumaguta, dzekugara, nzvimbo dzekutengesa uye dzekuvaraidza zviitiko, izvo zvinosangana mune imwechete sewage system. Mariri, mvura yose yakasviba uye grey inoungana, iyo inoguma ichiva chinhu chikuru chinosvibisa.
Industrial Wastewater
Ivo vanobva mumabasa emaindasitiri, umo mvura inodiwa pakuita, shanduko uye kugadzira uye kubata kwechimwe chigadzirwa kana sevhisi. Zvakanaka, mune imwe neimwe yeaya nhanho huwandu hwemakemikari amiririri, zvinorema simbi uye organic zvinhu zvinowedzerwa, ichi chekupedzisira chikamu chiri chinonyanya kukosha. Mvura iyi inogona kukamurwa zvichienderana nekubuda kwayo.
Kana iri organic-type discharges, mvura ine yakakwira yezvigadzirwa zveorganic ine yakaturikwa uye decantable nyaya inoraswa. Mariri mune indasitiri inoitwa zvibayiro zvemhuka, mashizha, mafekitori emukaka, kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvekudya, sipo, zvinwiwa, indasitiri yemapepa, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda.
Maindasitiri ane organic uye inorganic discharges ndeaya anokwanisa kuburitsa colloidal zvinhu, kureva, ayo ane yakakura kuwanda kwemafuta, ammonia, sulfides, uye phenols. Aya maindasitiri akanyanya erudzi rwepetrochemical, refineries uye machira.
Iyo inorganic type materu, kune chikamu chavo, ine yakawanda inorema simbi, iron, mafuta, mafuta, cyanide, tars, phenols, kutaura mashoma. Izvi zvinogadzirwa mumaindasitiri anonyanya kuchenesa simbi nekugadzira zvigadzirwa, migodhi nemigodhi yemunyu.
Nekudaro, maindasitiri anogadzira kubuda neakamiswa zvinhu ndeaya anoshandisa huwandu hukuru hwezvigadzirwa zvine muchetura zvakanyanya, oiri, girizi uye sedimentables. Inosanganisira zviitiko zvakaita sekugezwa kwemamineral, marble polishing, kupisa kupisa, kuramba kuchikanda, pakati pezvimwe.
Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, kune maindasitiri anogadzira chitubu chine mafiriji-mhando zvinhu, umo yakakwira yakawanda yeasidhi, selenium, arsenic, mercury uye settleable solids inowanikwa. Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa kupisa uye nyukireya magetsi emagetsi.
Zvekurima uye Zvipfuyo Mvura Yakasviba
Mvura iyi ine mishonga yezvipembenene yakawanda, yakaturikwa yakaoma uye munyu inoguma yashatisa substrate. Ivo vanobva kuhombe dzekudiridza dzekuwedzera kwezvirimwa. Saizvozvowo, kupfuya zvipfuyo chinhu chakakosha mukusvibiswa kwemvura netsvina yemhuka uye kushandiswa kwemakemikari anoshandiswa kukurumidza kukura.
mvura yemvura
Kupfuura kwemvura inonaya kunowanzo takura huwandu hwezvinosvibisa izvo zvakanyanya pamusoro pepamusoro uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinokonzeresa mafashama emasuweji, zvichiunza nyonganyonga.
Zvinosvibisa Zvinhu muWastewater
Mvura yakasviba ine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosvibisa, izvo zvinoshandura hunhu hwayo nekuda kwekuchinja kunogadzirwa nemakemikari kuita uye kuvapo kwebhakitiriya. Kuora uku kunotanga kana mvura yave nemakore, ichichinja chitarisiko chayo uye kunhuwa, iyo inotanga kuburitsa uye kuburitsa magasi, inoita acidify uye inosimudza tembiricha. Zvese izvi zvinokonzerwa nehupfu hwekuita kwemakomponi emamineral uye organic mavambo.
Izvi zvinogadzira mukana wekutapukira, sezvo uchifambisa kuberekana uye kutapurirana kwezvirwere, kungave nekudyiwa, kudiridza zvirimwa zvekudya uye chikafu kubva kugungwa (kana kubuda kwakananga kugungwa). Muviri wemvura yakasvibiswa unokanganisa chitarisiko chenyika, unokonzera kunhuhwirira kwakashata, unoshandura ruvara rwayo, unova acidic uye unobudisa magasi, pamwe nekubvumira kupararira kwezvipembenene zvinokuvadza kune utano.
Mvura ine tsvina ndiyo inokonzera utachiona sezvo iine mishonga yezvipembenene yakawanda, makemikari ane muchetura, tsvina yemishonga, netsvina, zvichikonzera matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye njodzi huru dzeutano. Izvi zvakakwanisa kusvibisa kwete zviwanikwa zvepasi chete asiwo kukanganisa mvura yepasi.
Zvirimwa Kurapa Mvura Yakasiyana Yakasara
Mvura yakasviba inosvibisa zvakanyanya iyo inoparadza zvisikwa zvese, inobatsira kushatisa substrate, inokonzeresa mvura yeasidhi, inokonzera zvirwere, kutaura zvishoma. Zvakadaro, kurapwa kwemvura idzi kuri kuramba kuchikosha mazuva ese nekuti nenzira iyi nharaunda uye hutano hweveruzhinji zvinovandudzwa uye inoshandiswa zvakare kubatsira dzimwe nzira.
Nezvikonzero izvi zvinodikanwa kushandisa masisitimu anobvumira kuti mvura idirwe mumigero yayo yechisikigo kana kungoshandiswa zvakare. Nokuda kweizvi, kune maitiro akasiyana-siyana anobatsira kubvisa zvinhu zvinosvibisa uye maajenti kubva mumvura.
Kuti utange nzira yekudzorera mvura, zvinotanga zvakakodzera kuti uende kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kwekutanga segridi, iyo inoshandiswa kuchengetedza chero rudzi rwemarara sezvinhu zvakasimba. Zvadaro, inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nesefa, iyo inobvumira huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvakasimba kuti zviunganidzwe, ipapo mvura inopfuura kuburikidza ne micro filters, iyo inomisa zvidimbu zviduku uye pakupedzisira grit misungo inoguma kubvisa chero chidimbu chevhu, jecha kana zvimwe. sediment.
Mushure mekugadzirisa uku, iyo inonyanya kukosha system inowanikwa kuti ipedze hutsanana hwemvura. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yekurapa kwekutanga, umo zvingangoita sedimentation zvinhu zvinobviswa kuburikidza nemuviri-makemikari maitiro. Kurapwa kwechipiri kunoshandisa biological-kemikari maitiro anobvisa izvo zvakatadza kuita sedimentation.
Zvidyarwa zvekurapa zvepamusoro zvinoshandisa maitiro emakemikari emuviri kubvisa zvinosvibisa kubva mumvura zvakaita senitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metals, organic compounds, zvicherwa uye mamwe mavhairasi.
Nzira Yokudzikisa Sei Mvura Yakasviba
Kuve mvura chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu, isu tinofanirwa kuita zviito izvo kubva kune zvakanyanya munhu zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza mazinga ekusvibiswa kweiyo yakakosha mvura. Nokuda kweizvi, zvinokurudzirwa kudzidza nzira yekurasa tsvina, kudzivisa kukanda zvigadzirwa zvisingabviri pasi pemvura, zvakadai semafuta, pendi, solvents, ammonia, pakati pevamwe.
Dzidza kuchengetedza mvura, kutora tsika dzekushandisa, kudzima matepi, kutarisa midziyo, kutora mashower mapfupi, kudiridza zvirimwa husiku uye kwete zvakanyanya. Deredza kushandiswa kwemakemikari uye zvine muchetura zvakanyanya paunenge uchiita mabasa ekuchenesa uye kuwacha. Kana zvichidikanwa kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, ita shuwa kuti zviri biodegradable.
Nezviito zvidiki asi zvine simba izvi, unogona kubatsira mukuchengetedza mvura nezvese zvazvinoreva.
Zvinonakidza Chokwadi nezveWastewater
Nyika ine 70% yemvura zhinji pasi rose, iyo 96,5% inoenderana nemvura yemunyu inobva mumakungwa nemakungwa uye 3,5% chete ndiyo itsva, pachikamu ichi 2,5 % inowanikwa nechando pamatanda uye yasara 1% chete inosanganisira mvura yakakodzera kushandiswa. 80% yemvura yakasviba yepasi inorasirwa munzvimbo ine tsvina. Wanga uchiziva here kuti mvura inonyungudutsa zvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura chero imwe mvura, asi haigone kuderedza zvinosvibisa.
Gore negore anopfuura 450 cubic kilometers etsvina inokandwa mugungwa. Mhuka dzomumvura yakachena dziri kutsakatika nokukurumidza zvakapetwa kashanu kupfuura mhuka dzomunyika. Matura emvura epasi pevhu anopa chikamu che80% chehuwandu hwepasi rose uye 4% yenzvimbo idzi dzakatosvibiswa.
Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve Wastewater Classification, tarisa inotevera vhidhiyo:
Dzidza zvakawanda nezveNzvimbo nekutevera aya malink.
Mabasa Ekuchengetedza Zvakatipoteredza
Kukosha kwemvura kuzvisikwa zvipenyu