Kudziya kwepasi rose nebasa revanhu

Neiko pesvedzero yomunhu muidzi chinjo isina mubvunzo?

Chikonzero chikuru chekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze chiri kuramba chiri greenhouse effect uye mabasa evanhu. Izvi zvinowedzera kusangana mumhepo yemamwe magasi atovepo mune zvakasikwa, kunyanya:

• Carbon dioxide (CO2): iyo inobuda inokonzerwa nekupisa kwemarasha, oiri uye gasi uye nekutemwa kwemasango.
• Methane: Kurima zvipfuyo zvakanyanya kunobatsira mukuwedzera mazinga emethane, anogadzirwa nemombe nemakwai panguva yekugaya.
• Nitrous oxide: Emissions inowedzera nekushandiswa kwenitrogenous fetiraiza uye nekuda kwekupisa kwemarasha, oiri uye gasi.
• fluorinated magasi: inobudiswa nemidziyo uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa magasi aya. Izvi zvinoburitsa zvinokonzeresa greenhouse effect inosvika 23.000 yasimba pane inokonzereswa neCO2.

Saka carbon dioxide inogadzirwa nevanhu ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera kudziya kwepasi. Muna 2020 kuwanda kwemuchadenga kwakapfuura pre-industrial level ne48% (pamberi pa1750).

Zvisinei, sezvo munhu ari chisakiso, anogonawo kuva chigadzikiso. Kudzikisira kwakanyanya uye kunogara kuchidzikiswa kwe CO2 emissions uye mamwe magasi egreenhouse zvaizodzikamisa mhedzisiro zviri kutoitika.

nzvimbo yakanaka yerwizi nemakomo

• Wedzera mukushisa: maererano neEuropean Commission. Makore gumi 2011-2020 ndiwo aipisa zvakanyanya parekodhi, aine tembiricha yepasi rose ye1,1 ° C pamusoro pe pre-industrial level muna 2019.
• kunyunguduka kwemazaya echando: Aizi yegungwa reArctic yadzikira neavhareji ye12,85% pamakore gumi sezvo permafrost melt ichienderera mberi. Kurasika kwemwaka kwechando nekunyunguduka kwemazaya echando nemazaya echando.
• Kukwira kwenzvimbo dzegungwa: Avhareji yegungwa yave ichikwira paavhareji ye 3,3 millimeters pagore kubvira 1870. MuMediterranean, somuenzaniso, 2100 square kilometers yenharaunda dzegungwa dziri pangozi yekunyudzwa negungwa, pasina kuderedza uye kugadzirisa kupindira.
• Kuparadzirwa kwezviitiko zvekunze zvakanyanyisa: masaisai ekupisa, ivhu negungwa, mafashamo, madutu emunzvimbo dzinopisa zvikuru, kusanaya kwemvura uko mune mamwe matunhu kunomanikidza kurima, maruva nemhuka zviri kuramba zvichiwanda.
• Biodiversity kurasikirwaKuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa mhuka dzakawanda nezvirimwa. Vanofamba kubva kune imwe ecosystem kuenda kune imwe kuti vararame, zvichikonzera kukuvadza kusingaverengeki kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu pasi rose. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko anonakidza uye akadzama, unogona kubvunza zvinonakidza chokwadi nezve kudziya kwepasirese.

Mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ine chekuita nepasi rose, asi chii chingave mhedzisiro munyika yedu kunyanya?

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze muSpain ndiyo nyaya yekuongororwa kwengozi neCMCC (Euro-Mediterranean Center pamusoro peKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze) iyo yakadzidza mamiriro akasiyana-siyana enyika yedu kubva pakuona kwengozi uye nzvimbo dzekupindira.

Nezvemamiriro ekunze, kuwedzera kwekushisa kusvika ku2 ° C kunofungidzirwa munguva ye2021-2050 (ichienzaniswa ne1981-2010), iyo yakaipisisa ndeye 5 ° C. Apo iyeKunaya kwemvura muzhizha kunoderera munzvimbo dzepakati nekumaodzanyemba, asi zviitiko zvine kunaya kwakanyanya kunowedzera. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ose emangwana, nhamba yemazuva anodziya uye nguva pasina mvura inowedzera.

Kunowedzera njodzi

Zvinhu zviviri izvi, kuwedzera kwekushisa uye kudzikiswa kwekunaya, zvinowedzera njodzi munzvimbo dzinoverengeka:

• ngozi muguta: mafungu ekupisa anowedzera muguta, achisimudza tembiricha kusvika +5/10 ° C zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzvimbo uye kuwedzera kunaka kwemweya uye kusvibiswa. Ngozi yemafashama inowedzerawo muguta nekuda kwekusadzoreka zvakanaka kwemaguta, geographic uye geohydrological hunhu, uye ivhu risingapindike. Migumisiro yacho inokanganisawo hutano nekuchengeteka kwevagari vemo.
• hydrogeological ngozi: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunomhanyisa kunyunguduka kwemazaya echando uye kuwanda kwemvura zhinji inonaya munguva pfupi kunowedzerawo njodzi yekuondomoka kwevhu.
• Ngozi kune zviwanikwa zvemvura: huwandu hwemvura huripo hunoderera, kuwedzera kukwikwidzana pakati pezvikamu (kushanya, indasitiri, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, kurima), uye mhando inotamburawo, mafashamo anowedzera kudyiwa kwezvinovaka muviri uye zvinosvibisa mumitumbi yemvura yakachena nemvura yakachena Subterranean coastal reserves zvakanyanya kuratidzwa kune yakawedzera salinity.
• Ngozi kune chikamu chekurima: Kukwira kweavhareji yetembiricha uye kuderera kwemvura zhinji pagore kunokanganisa kuwanikwa kwemvura, kutenderera kwehupenyu hwezvirimwa, uye kugara zvakanaka kwezvipfuyo. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro pemhinduro dzinogona kuitika pakudziya kwepasi, shanya zvinogoneka mhinduro.
• Ngozi yemoto wesango: inowedzera njodzi yemoto (20%), nguva yemwaka wemoto (+ 20-40 mazuva / gore) uye nzvimbo yakafukidzwa nemoto (+ 21-43%). Pamusoro pezvo, iyo nzvimbo dzakatsva dzakawedzera, dzinowedzera kugadzirwa kweCO2 uye zvinhu zvine chekuita nehutano.

Chekupedzisira asi chisiri chidiki, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inokanganisawo hupfumi uye nzanga. "Vanogona kuita mari inosvika 8% yeGDP per capita, kuwedzera mutsauko pakati peNorth neSouth, pakati pevarombo uye vakapfuma zvikamu zvevanhu, uye vanoomerera pane dzakatevedzana dzezvirongwa zveSpain" (kubva kuAnalysis of Risks). yeCMCC).

Kana dziri mhinduro dzekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose, the Musangano wemapato 2015 (COP 21) yakasimbisa Chibvumirano cheParis chepasi rose pakati penhengo dzeUN nezvinangwa zvenguva refu kugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye kuwana decarbonization.

En COP27 Mbudzi 2022, zvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha munzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zveParis zvakakurukurwa. Kubva pachirongwa chekudzikisa nepakati kuburitswa kwepasi rose panosvika 2030, kuenda kufambisira mberi nhaurirano dzekugadzirisa mamiriro epasi rose uye kutsigira kuchinjika uye kusimba, kutsigira nyika dziri kusimukira kuti dzigone kurarama. kusvika pakukuvadzwa kwakanyanya kunobva mudambudziko remamiriro ekunze ("Kurasikirwa uye Kukuvadzwa"), kusvika pakurudziro yezvikwereti zvakatosimbiswa (100 mabhiriyoni emadhora panguva ye2020-2025) uye izvo zvichiri kutsanangurwa (chinangwa chitsva chemari yemamiriro ekunze mushure me2025).

Iyo nzira yekuenda mberi ye decarbonization inototanga nekuchinja kwesimba, shanduko kubva kufossil-based energy sosi kuenda kunowanikwazve masosi ane zero kabhoni emissions. The kuiswa kwemagetsi yekushandiswa, kusanganisira kufamba, iri kufambawo munzira iyi. Migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze yatove yakajeka, sezvakaita data yezvichaitika mune ramangwana, izvo zvinodiwa pamusoro pezvose kuchinja kwetsika, kunotanga kubva munharaunda uyewo kubva kuvanhu.

Saka chii chekuita nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze wega uye zuva nezuva? Wese munhu ane mukana wekudzikamisa mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze nezvimwe zviito zvemunhu, zvakapfupikiswa pano neUN:

• Kuchengetedza simba repamba: Kudzima masisitimu ekudziya uye emhepo, kushandisa magirobhu emwenje e LED uye midziyo yemagetsi yakaderera mamwe mazano anobatsira ehupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
• Famba, bhasikoro kana kushandisa zvifambiso zveveruzhinji: kubatsira kuderedza CO2 kubuda.
• idya miriwo yakawanda: Miriwo, michero, zviyo zvakakwana, marimu, nzungu nembeu zvine simba rakaderera pane zvakatipoteredza kupfuura nyama uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka.
• Funga nezvekufamba kwaunoita:Ndege dzinoburitsa gasi regreenhouse. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kubhururuka zvishoma ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinokurumidza kudzikisa kukanganisa kwako kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve pesvedzero yezviitwa zvevanhu, tarisa mabasa evanhu.
• kurasa zvokudya zvishoma: Kushandisa zvaunenge watenga nekuita manyowa zvinenge zvasara zvinoreva kusatambisa zviwanikwa nesimba zvakashandiswa kurima, kugadzira, kurongedza nekutakura chikafu.
• Deredza, shandisazve, gadzirisa uye udzokorore: kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze edu, tinogona kutenga zvinhu zvishoma. Tenga ruoko rwechipiri, gadzirisa zvatinokwanisa uye dzokorora.
• Shandura simba reimba: Kana zvichibvira, zviri nani kushandura kune zvinogonekazve sosi semhepo kana simba rezuva. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve mhinduro dzekudziya kwepasi, shanya.
• Chinja kumotokari yemagetsi: Motokari dzemagetsi dzinobatsira kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Vanoburitsawo gasi regreenhouse riri shoma zvikuru pane mota dzinoshandisa peturu kana dhiziri.
• sarudza zvigadzirwa Ruremekedzo kune zvakatipoteredza: kutenga sarudzo dzakakoshawo. Nzira yekutenga chikafu chemuno uye chemwaka uye kubva kumakambani anoshandisa zvine hungwaru zviwanikwa.

Chiito chekupedzisira, asi chisiri chidiki, ndechekuita kuti izwi rinzwike, kugonesa vamwe kuti vapindire ivo pachavo uye kuita mutsauko kubva kumba uye munharaunda.