Wakambozvibvunza hereJupiter ine mhete ngani? Ndeapi maitiro ayo makuru, kwaakabva, nhoroondo yayo uye imwe neimwe yeongororo yakaitwa iyo inosanganisira zvindori zveJupiter. Mune ino post tichataura nezvazvo, usazvipotsa!
Kune zvindori zvina zvakazara, zvindori izvi zvakakurumbira zvekuve kirasi yezvindori zvepasi rose, zvine basa rekufukidza pasi rino guru, nokudaro kuchengetedza basa rakanaka, nguva zhinji idzi dzinozivikanwa sekirasi yechitatu yezvindori izvo. yakawanikwa mune solar system, mushure mezvindori zvemapuraneti:
- Saturn
- Uranus
Nhoroondo kumashure
Kuvepo kwezvindori zveJupiter kwakavepo nekuda kwekuferefeta kwakawanda, uko maitiro akasiyana akaitwa nekuongorora vachishandisa matepi eradiation panguva yekubhururuka kuenda kuJupiter nePioneer space probe muna 1975, uko kudzikiswa kwekuverengwa kwezvikamu zvesimba rinowedzera. iyo iripo mumabhandi ari pakati pe600 ne70.000 makiromita pamusoro penzvimbo yepasi nekudaro ichichengetedza hukuru hwayo.
Mugore ra1980, mupiro unokosha wakatsanangurwa, nekuda kweVoyager probe, apo mufananidzo wekutanga wakaonekwa nekuita kwechiedza muhurongwa hwemhete.
Kuvonga kune izvi, zvaive zvichibvira kuva nenhamba huru yemifananidzo nerubatsiro rweVoyager 2, zvinowanzoitika kuti neimwe yezvidzidzo izvi vakakwanisa kugadzirisa chiratidziro chekutanga pamusoro pesangano rezvindori izvi.
scans
Kunyangwe zvichizivikanwa kuti nyika yeJupiter yakashanyirwa kakawanda, nekuda kweGalileo orbiter, yakapa mifananidzo ine mhando yakafara yakawanikwa pakati pemakore 1996 kusvika 2004, imwe neimwe yadzo yakabatsira kutsigira ruzivo nezve jovian mhete.
Nenzira yekuti mugore ra2001 ongororo yeCassini yakaita rwendo munzira kuenda kuSaturn kutozosvikira yasvika kero yayo yekupedzisira, uko kucherechedzwa kukuru kwakaratidzwa pamarin'i ose pamwero wakazara.
Kusvikira pakupedzisira mimwe mifananidzo yakawanikwa yakafambiswa neiyo horizon probe, mumwedzi waKurume kusvika Kubvumbi 2008, apo mune imwe neimwe yemifananidzo iyi kurongeka kwese kwemhete yekutanga kwaigona kunzwisiswa zvakadzama kekutanga.
Iyi ring system ndiyo chaiyo yechinangwa chikuru chekuongorora kweJuno, kunze kwemafungiro akasiyana-siyana akaitwa kubva kunzvimbo yepasi nerubatsiro rweKeck periscope iyo data yakanyorwa pakati pemakore 1998 ne2003. Nerubatsiro rweHubble periscope mugore ra2000 nhamba huru yemifananidzo yakagadziridzwa yakaratidzwa.
kuumbwa kwejupiter
Zvitendero zvekuumba mapuraneti ndezvemhando mbiri:
Kuumbwa kuburikidza nepakati peaizi yevhoriyamu pahwaro kwakapetwa ka20 kupfuura Huremu hwePasi iyo inokwanisa kukwezva nekuchengetedza gasi muproto-solar nebula.
Kuumbwa kusati kwasvika kunokonzerwa nekuora mitezo kwakananga, kwakangofanana nezvakaitika nenyeredzi, mamodheru aya ane mapindiro akasiyana kwazvo emhando dzese dziripo mukuumbwa kweiyo solar system uye yemamwe maplanets ekunze.
Munyaya mbiri idzi mhando dzenyeredzi dzine zvipingaidzo kutsanangura kukura kwakazara kwepasi, nhambwe yaro inotenderera i6 zvikamu zvenyeredzi, izvo zvinoreva kuti Jupiter haina kubva munzvimbo yekuumbwa, kuumbwa kwemhepo yaro kazhinji Iri rakapfuma kwazvo magasi. maererano nezuva.
Kuongorora kwepakati penyika yepasi kunogona kuratidza kuvepo kana kushaikwa kwemukati wepakati.
Internal structure
Mukati menyika mune hydrogen, helium uye argon (iyi ndiyo mhute inounganidzwa mujinga reJupiter) izvi zvinotsikirirwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Molecular hydrogen inotsikirirwa nenzira yekuti inova mvura inotaridzika sesimbi pakadzika kupfuura makiromita gumi nematanhatu pasi penyika.
Kuwedzera pasi kune chikamu chenzvimbo ine matombo inogadzirwa zvakanyanya nechando uye zvakanyanya kusimba zvinhu.
Jupiter Rings
Mhete dzakawanikwa kekutanga nekuda kwekuferefeta kwemuchadenga, inozivikanwa seVoyager, kubva ipapo mapuraneti ese akadzidzwa neamplitude yakakura mukati me90s uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerubatsiro rwemamwe maprobe ane mukurumbira anonzi:
- Galileo
- Cassini
- New Horizons
Nekuda kweizvozvo, imwe neimwe yezvindori izvi yakaonekwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana dzinozivikanwa, senge pasi-based observatories uye space periscope inonzi Hubble, kwemakore angangoita 29.
Izvi zvakaongororwa zvakanyatsonaka uye zvakaonekwa kuti hazvina kusimba, zvinoumbwa nehuwandu hukuru hwezvimedu, zvinozivikanwa pamusoro peizvi, nokuti munharaunda yavo vane 4 zvimiro, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chine chimiro chakatsanangurwa chiripo mukati, idzi dzinoshanda setsigiro huru yechirongwa ichi.
Iyo mhete huru inozivikanwa sehalo, ine zvimedu zvakawanda zvakatorwa kubva kune mamwe masatellite, pakati pawo anomira pachena:
- metis
- Adrastea
Mukati meseti iyi mamwe maelementi anowanikwa, asina kudzidzwa, kunyangwe zvichitendwa kuti ane huvepo hwawo semhedzisiro yakanangana nekukanganisa kwakati wandei kwakaitika mumakore, zvichikonzera mamaki aya, nekuda kwekumhanya kukuru ikoko kune zvidzidzo zvavanoratidza. chigadziriso chepamusoro, uko kune chimiro chidiki chakanyorwa mumhete huru, nokudaro uchikwanisa kuratidza hunhu hwayo.
Mukati memhete iyi mune humwe hunhu hwakadai sebhendi rechiedza chinooneka uye nemwaranzi yemagetsi, nenzira iyi chikamu chikuru chemhete chine ruvara rwakatsvuka, kunze kweiyo halo, iyo inochengetedza isingaperi kana bluish ruvara sechikamu chemhete. chikuru chacho.
Nechikonzero ichocho, mamodheru makuru ekupenya akaumbwa anowanikwa munzvimbo dzemuchadenga, seaya aikwanisa kuonekwa nerubatsiro rwe periscopes ari pamusoro penyika, nenzira iyi ukuru hwezvikamu zvinogona kucherechedzwa, izvo zvine radius ye20 cm. , yakagoverwa muzvindori zvose, kunze kwehalo.
Kuenderana kweizvi kuri pasi pekirasi yekuferefeta, apo huwandu hwese hwezvindori hunobatanidza mitumbi isingazivikanwe, ine basa chairo sezvo ichiburitsa chinhu chinodiwa kune zvindori.
Nguva chaiyo yezvindori izvi haisati yazivikanwa, kunyange zvazvo inofungidzirwa kuvapo kubva pakusikwa kwepasi.
ring system
ari mhete dzejupiter dzakatsanangurwa sezvindori zvepuraneti, saka dzave chikonzero chezvidzidzo zvakawanda, izvi zvakaitwa nechinangwa chekuratidzira nezvimwe zvinotsanangurwa, chimwe nechimwe chezvigadziridzo izvi, vazhinji venyanzvi vanofunga kuti rudzi urwu rwemhete runobatanidzwa neizvi. pasi, sechikamu chekirasi yemasikirwo maitiro.
Saka, zvave zvichizivikanwa kuti yaive yechitatu ring system iri mumhepo yezuva, mushure mekuwanikwa kweavo veSaturn naUranus.
Izvo zvakatanga kuongororwa pachishandiswa Voyager space probe, uko chimiro chayo chese chakadzidzwa zvizere, muma90 uye pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nekutora chikamu kweGalileo probes, zvakare Cassini uye inonzi New Horizons.
chimiro chezvindori
Iwo anozivikanwa kuva asina kusimba ane nhamba yakakura yezvimedu, ane zvimiro zvina zvinoapedzisa pamwe chete nemukati, ane hutema hwakasimba hwezvimedu zvinonziwo halo.
Iyi ndiyo mhete yekutanga uye inomira pachena nekuti inopenya, asi yakanaka kwazvo, umo ine zvindori zviviri zvakafara, asi panguva imwechete yakakora uye isina kusimba, iyo yakanyorwa se:
- Thebe fuzzy ring
- Amalthea mhete ine fuzzy
Kutsunga kwakapiwa kune zvindori, kunotaura mazita emasatelliti ane chinhu chaanoumbwa nacho, nenzira iyi unhu hwavo hunokosha hunotsanangurwa.
main ring
Iyo nhete yekutanga mhete ndicho chimedu chine kupenya kwakanyanya kwese ring system iyo nyika inayo, mupendero wekunze unowanikwa makiromita 130.000 kubva pakati penyika.
Kutetepa kwerin'i iyi kuri padyo nemakiromita 7000, izvi zvese zvinoda kupenya kuenzanirana kwemhete idzi, nekupenya uku kwemberi kupenya kunotanga kudzikira pamakiromita 126.000, mukati menzira yeAdrastea, kuwana nhanho kumashure kwe120.000 makiromita, chete. kunze kwekutenderera kweAdrastea zvinoreva kuti inozadzisa basa rering satellite.
mavambo nezera
Guruva riri kucheneswa nguva dzese mumhete huru iyi nekuda kwemusanganiswa wePoynting-Robertson drag effect uye masimba emagetsi eJovian magnetosphere, zvinhu zvinoshanduka zvakaita seaizi zvinonyangarika nekukurumidza uye hupenyu hunogona kunge huri hweguruva. kubva 90 kusvika 900 makore.
Kuvepo kwemhando mbiri dzemamorekuru mumhete iyi kunotsanangura kuti sei iine mufananidzo uyu, zvese zvinoenderana nekufamba kwekuvhenekera, mamorekuru anogadzira mwenje kupfuura chero chinhu chiri pamberi, pamwe gobvu rinoumbwa uye rakafanana orbit yemhete yeAdrastea.
halo ring
Ring'i iyi iri pakadzika uye yakakora kupfuura ese ezvindori zveJupiter, mupendero wekunze uri mumhete huru ine avhareji yemakiromita angangoita 120 makiromita kubva pakati penyika.
Hunhu hune mhete hunogona kuratidzwa chete nekuda kwekugona kwehupfu huripo. Nzvimbo dzehalo dziri kure nendege yemhete inobvumira guruva rose re submicron kugadzirisa.
Ukobvu hukuru hwemhete hunogona kubatanidzwa nekuzunguza kunokonzerwa nekutenderera kwe orbital uye kushomeka kwehuruva zvidimbu zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi eJupiter's magnetosphere.
zvindori zvisinganzwisisike
Mhete yeAmalthea inoparadzana igadziriso isina kusimba ine chimiro cherectangular chinotambanuka kubva kunzira yeAmalthea makiromita angangoita 180 kubva papakati peJupiter.
Mupendero waro wemukati hauna kunyatso kutsanangurwa, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuvapo kwekutanga kupenya kwemhete uye halo, ukobvu hwemhete hunosvika makiromita 2500 pedyo nekutenderera kweAmalthea kuderera zvishoma pakufamba kweJupiter.
Mhete yeAmalthea inopararira ine kupenya kwakawanda pedyo nekumucheto kwayo kwepamusoro nekwezasi kunopenya zvishoma nezvishoma nyeredzi, nemupendero mukuru uchipenya kupfuura mamwe ese.
Mupendero wekunze wemhete unonyatso kuoneka zvisinei nekudzima kwechiedza mukati meAmalthea orbit.
Thebe fuzzy ring
Iyi ndiyo mhete yeJovian yese, inoita kunge ine rectangular configuration inotambanuka kubva kuThebe orbit, makiromita angangoita 220000 kubva pakati peJupiter kusvika makiromita angangoita 120000.
Mucheto waro wemukati hauna kutsanangurwa, asi unochengetedza kupenya kwakafanana neyemhete huru uye halo, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuona.
Ukobvu hwemhete iyi makiromita 8000 pedyo nekutenderera kweThebe, ukuwo mafambiro ayo kunyeredzi achidzikira. Mhete iyi yakafanana nemhete yeAmalthea, chete ine kupenya kwakanyanya kumacheto akakura.
Kwakabva mhete dzisina kujeka
Chikamu chezvindori chine mavambo ayo kunyanya nenzira imwecheteyo sehalo, tsime rayo rinobva pane nyeredzi dzomukati dzeAmalthea neThebe maererano. Iyo yakanyanya kumhanyisa kumhanya kwezvinhu zvinouya kubva kunze kweiyo Jovian system inogogodza guruva zvidimbu kubva panzvimbo yayo.
Zvimedu izvi zvinotanga zvinochengetedza nzira dzakafanana nemasetelliti kwadzinobva, asi zvishoma nezvishoma nzira idzi dzinotenderera dzichidzika pasi dzakananga kupasi, kuburikidza neshanduro yePoynting-Robertson.
Ukobvu hwezvindori hunotsanangurwa ne orbital slope yemasetelliti, izvi zvinotsanangura zvinenge zvese zvimiro zvemhete, senge nyaya yerectangular zone, iko iko ukobvu kuderera kweJupiter uye kupenya kukuru kwekumusoro uye kuzasi kumucheto. zvezvindori.
Chero zvazvingave, kune humwe hunhu hunoramba husingatsananguriki, senge nyaya yeThebe Extension, iyo inogona kukonzerwa nemitumbi isingafungirwe kunze kweThebe orbit uye masisitimu anofungidzirwa mumifananidzo yakavhenekerwa kumashure.
Conformation yezvindori
Bumbiro remhete yekutanga uye halo inotsanangurwa nehuwandu hwezvimedu zvakatorwa kubva kunyeredzi dzinonzi Metis neAdrastea, izvi zvinosanganisira zvimwe zvinokwana izvo zvisina kukosheswa, nekuti chimwe nechimwe cheizvi ndicho chikonzero chenhevedzano yemaitiro akaitwa na zviratidzo zvinobva kune mumwe nemumwe.
Mifananidzo yakanaka yakawanikwa muna 2008, kuburikidza neprobe inonzi New Horizons, yaiva mupiro mukuru kune zvidzidzo zvakaitwa, sezvo vakaratidza sangano rakapfuma uye rakanaka mumhete huru.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinotsanangurwa zvinoratidza kuti kune kumucheto kwechiedza chinooneka mumagetsi emagetsi, zvindori zvine ruvara rutsvuku kubvisa halo.
Iyi nzira ndiyo yakakonzera kushandiswa kwemhando dzemifananidzo, idzi dziripo muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana, zvinowanikwa mumatenga emuchadenga uye mumateresikopu, izvi zvinodzidzisa kuti saizi yezvimedu zvakati zvingangoita 20 cm mu radius, mumibairo mizhinji. mapoka aya anozivikanwa seasiri-spherical particles.
Jupiter uye kukosha kwayo
Jupiter chikamu chesolar system uye ndiyo nyeredzi yechishanu, inochengetedza kukosha kwakakura kwemumiriri, sezvo yakave chigadzirwa chezvidzidzo zvakati wandei, ndosaka iri chikamu cheanonzi mapuraneti anopisa, zita rayo rinouya muchiratidzo che Mwari weRoma Jupiter anozivikanwawo saZeus.
Nyika ino inochengetedza kupenya kwakakwana mukati megore, zvinhu zvose zvinoenderana nechikamu chayo, inozivikanwa segurusa remuchadenga mushure mezuva, sezvo iine vhoriyamu yakakura, yakakura kupfuura iyo yemapuraneti ese pamwe chete .
Iyo yakarongeka semuviri wemhute, iyo inoumbwa neinokwana yehydrogen uye helium, haina chero yakatsanangurwa yemukati nzvimbo.
Pakati pehunhu hwemuchadenga, yakaratidzwa kuti inochengetedza iyo inozivikanwa zvikuru yeGreat Red Spot, iyi ine anticyclone yakakura (izvi zvinoreva kuti ine kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro munzvimbo dzinotenderera mhepo) uye iri muchikamu che tropical latitude yekumaodzanyemba kwehemisphere uye gadziriso yegore mumabhandi yakati svibei uye panguva imwe chete ine nzvimbo dzakajeka kwazvo.
Mhando huru
Jupiter ine hunhu hwakasiyana kwazvo, sezvo iri nyeredzi ine vhoriyamu yakakura kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe mapuraneti ari muchadenga.
Inochengetedza mwero unopeta katatu kuwanda kwehuwandu hwemamwe ese, kunyangwe ichizivikanwa sepasi rakasimba kwazvo.
Kune huwandu hukuru hwemapuraneti eextrasolar akawanikwa, huwandu hwawo hwakafanana, asi husina hukuru kupfuura hweJupiter pane imwe nhanho.
Inomiririra kukurumidza kukuru maererano nekutenderera, iyo yakakura kudarika yemamwe mapuraneti ari muhurongwa. Mukati mezvinyorwa zvayo zvinowanikwa kuti inotenderera nerejista duku, iyo inotsanangurwa nehuwandu hwemaawa gumi nemaviri paaxis yayo.
Kumhanya uku kunowanikwa kuburikidza nezviyero zvemagineti epasi.
Masa
Vhoriyamu yeJupiter iri nyore sezvo ichiwanzotsanangurwa nehukama hwainayo nezuva, inowanikwa kumusoro kwayo uye inosanganisira chikamu che1,100 solar radius, inovhara kubva pakati kubva kuzuva sechikamu chechimiro chayo chikuru.
Kunyange zvazvo huremu uhwu hwakakura kudarika Nyika, iine compact, (sezvo ine dhayamita yakakura zvakapetwa ka12), kana iri Jupiter volume yaro inoenderana neka1320 kupfuura huwandu hwePasi zvisinei nekuti huremu hwayo 320 zvakapetwa kanopfuura.
Jupiter inoburitsa kupisa kwakawanda kupfuura yainogamuchira, nekuda kwechiedza chidiki chezuva chinosvika pairi kubva pakapatsanurwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kufanana kwekupisa kunotsanangurwa nekusaenzana, kunozivikanwa seKelvin-Helmholtz, iyo inoitwa nenzira dzemamwe maitiro.
Mamiriro ekunze
Panyaya yekushanda kwemhepo yepasi rose, inoratidzwa nemhepo huru inotsinhana mulatitude uye nekumhanya kunovhara pamwero mukuru kupfuura makiromita 510 paawa.
Mamiriro ekunze anozivikanwa kugoverwa mumatunhu, ayo anochengetedza mhepo ine simba ine kutenderera kubva pamaawa gumi kusvika kumaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu munzvimbo ye equatorial.
Mamiriro ekunze akanyatsoputirwa nemakore, aya anobvumira kutara mamiriro emuchadenga nguva zhinji uye kuratidza nyonganyonga yepamusoro senzvimbo yekukura kwavo.
Jupiter ine madutu makuru anogara akabatana nemheni, madutu aya ndiwo mhedzisiro yekutamisa kupisa kwakanyorova kunoitika mumhepo uye kwakabatana nemagasi uye kusungirirwa kwemvura. Nzvimbo idzi dzine mafambiro makuru ekusimuka emhepo, izvo zvinogadzira kusikwa kwemakore anopenya uye akaungana.
mabhandi uye nzvimbo
A. S Williams aive nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga akaita ongororo yekutanga yakarongeka yemhepo yemhepo paJupiter muna 1896. Inowanikwa nekupatsanurwa kwemabhandi erima akati wandei anodaidzwa kuti ribhoni nenzvimbo dzakareruka dzinodaidzwa kuti nzvimbo, dzose dzakarongwa mukufambirana.
Idzi dzinoita nzira yekuyerera kwemhepo inosiyana zvichienderana negwara relatitude uye kazhinji yehukuru hukuru, muenzaniso wadzo imhepo dze equator, idzo dzinosvika kumhanya kweanenge 360 makiromita paawa.
MuNorth Equatorial band, mhepo inogona kusvika makiromita angangoita 140 paawa, kumhanya kweyeredzi kunosvika maawa gumi nemaminitsi makumi mashanu, izvi zvinoita kuti mauto eCoriolis ave nesimba, achitsanangurwa mumhepo yepasi.
nzvimbo tsvuku huru
Yakawanikwa nemugadziri wechiRungu anonzi Robert Hooke, uyo mugore ra1665 akaziva kuti kune chisikwa chikuru chemamiriro ekunze, icho chinodavirwa kuva nzvimbo huru dzvuku.
Kunyange zvazvo pasina zvakambocherechedzwa zvinotsanangura kuvapo kwechiitiko ichi, kusvikira kuchikamu chezana remakore rechi20, ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti zvishoma nezvishoma ruvara uye ukuru zvinoratidzwa mazviri zviri kuchinja.
Mifananidzo yakatorwa neYerkes observatory pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 inoratidza kuvapo kwenzvimbo yakatsvuka yakati rebei, inova yenhanho imwe yelatitude, asi panguva imwe cheteyo ine kaviri kureba kwepamusoro.
Kwemakore, zvaifungwa kuti Nzvimbo Tsvuku Huru yaiva chikamu chepamusoro pegomo guru kana kuti zvichida raiva bani rinokwira pamusoro pemakore.
Kutenda uku kwakaraswa muzana remakore rechi19 paiongorora bumbiro rehydrogen nehelium riripo mumhepo, nenzira iyi zvaigoneka kuratidza kuti inyika ine gasi.
The Little Red Spot
Mumwedzi waApril 2007, zvakaonekwa kuti imwe nzvimbo tsvuku yakanga yaonekwa, ine hukuru hwakafanana nehafu yenzvimbo huru tsvuku.
Iyi imwe nzvimbo dzvuku yakatanga kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kweatatu machena macurve, anga ari panyika kubva 1941 anonzi BC, DE neFA, uye akabatana mune imwe pakati pemakore 1999 - 2001, kutanga curve imwe yeruvara ruchena inonzi BA, ane ruvara rwakatanga kusvika kune mamwe mavara seGreat Red Spot muna 2007.
Ruvara dzvuku rine mavara maviri aya anoumbwa apo mhute dziri mukati menzvimbo yepasi inokwira kumhepo, ichiita maitiro, ndosaka zviyero zviri muinfrared zvinoratidza kuti mavara maviri anokwira pamusoro peiyo huru. makore.
Nokudaro, kuchinja kwemavara kubva kune chena oval kusvika kune tsvuku kunogona kuva chiratidzo chokuti dutu riri kuwedzera kusimba. Muna 2007, kamera yeHubble yakawana mifananidzo mitsva yedutu diki iroro.
cloud structure
Izvi zvinogadzirwa nemakristasi echando. Nezveruvara dzvuku rwadziinadzo, chaive chigadzirwa cheimwe rudzi rwemavara echinhu chisingazivikanwi, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzichitaura kuti izvi zvinogona kuwedzera zvesarufa kana phosphorus.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, pasi pemakore anooneka eJupiter, pane makore makuru akasiyana-siyana ane compact, nekuti ane kemikari inokwana inozivikanwa seammonium hydrosulfide, iyo yekutanga NH4HS.
Nokudaro, chimwe chezviratidzo zvikuru zvekuvapo kwemakore aya nhamba yekucherechedza kwemagetsi emagetsi, ayo akafanana nemadutu akadzika pamazinga esimba aya.
Misoro yemakore papasi haigadziri nzvimbo yakapfava uye yakati sandara, kuferefetwa kwakaitwa neJuno spacecraft kwakabatsira vaongorori kuwana mabhendi anotenderera aripo mumhepo, ari kukura papasi kusvika pachiyero chemakiromita angangoita 4.000. .
Pakati chaipo pane chigamba chemakore makuru, anopenya anoyangarara achikwira pamusoro pemhepo. Mutsvakurudzi Gerald Eichstädt akagadzira mufananidzo uyu nerubatsiro rwekamera kubva kuJuno spacecraft.
Kunyangarika kwebhandi re subequatorial
Pakupera kwa2011, vazivi venyeredzi vakasiyana-siyana vakawana kuti Jupiter yakanga yachinja ruvara rwebhande re subequatorial, iro rakanga rakasviba uye raive kumaodzanyemba, iro raive chena, chiitiko ichi chakaitika apo Jupiter yakanga yakasiyana nezuva, kubva panguva iyoyo. zvinoonekwa kubva panyika.
Magnetosphere
Jupiter ine magnetosphere yakakura inoumbwa nendima yehypnotic yehukuru hukuru. Iyi magnetic field inogona kuonekwa kubva kuPasi, apo inzvimbo yakafanana neyemwedzi wakakwana, kunyange zvazvo iri kure.
Iyi magnetic field chikamu chikuru chiripo mumhepo yezuva. Mamorekuru anochajiswa kubva mukuita uku anotorwa neJovian magnetic field uye anotakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo dzepolar uko huru auroras inoumbwa.
Ukuwo, zvimedu zvinotorwa nemakomo anoputika enyeredzi yeGarireya zvinoumba toroid inotenderera, uko simba remagineti rinobata zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinotakurwa nemumitsetse yemunda, pamusoro pemhoteredzo yakakura iyo yakati pasi inayo.
Zvinotendwa kuti mavambo emagnetosphere anobva pakuti, mukati memukati mejupiter, hydrogen inoshanda sesimbi, izvi zvinokonzerwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro.
Idzi simbi dzakakura dzinotakura maerekitironi, nepo kutenderera kwepasi kuchikonzera mafambiro, ayo panguva imwechete anogadzira yakakura magineti.
Pioneer probes yakatsigira kuvapo kweJovian magnetic field uye ukuru hwayo, nokuti yakakura nekanopfuura ka20 kupfuura yepasi sezvo iine kanopfuura ka30 000 simba rine chokuita nenyika yepasi.
Voyager space probe
Parizvino ndicho chinhu chakagadzirwa nemunhu chiri kure kure nenyika, chinofamba nekumhanya kunoenderana nenyika uye nezuva, ichi ndicho chimwe chezvinozivikanwa zvikuru mushure meRosetta.
Kunyangwe hama yayo Voyager 2 yakatumirwa mazuva makumi maviri apfuura, haitenderwi kukunda yekutanga Voyager, ndoda tsvakiridzo yeNew Horizons yePluto, uye kunyangwe yakatumirwa kubva kuPasi nekukurumidza kupfuura vaVoyager vaviri, yakakwanisa kuita basa rako.
Voyager mbiri idzi dzakakwanisa kudarika hupenyu hwakagadzwa kubva pakuvambwa kwayo, imwe neimwe yeiyi probe inochengetedza simba remagetsi rinonzi radioisotope thermoelectric generator, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti inokwanisa kuburitsa simba rakawanda, kuitira kuti ma probes ave nekutaurirana kwakakwana neNyika, zvirinani kusvika gore ra2029.
New Horizons
Iyo inzvimbo yekuongorora iyo yakanga isina kushongedzerwa neNASA, kuti iongorore Pluto, yakaonekwa kuti ma satellites ayo uye asteroids ari muKuiper belt.
Kuferefeta kwakatangwa kubva kuCape Canaveral musi wa19 Ndira, 2007. New Horizons yakasvika pedyo zvakakwana neJupiter pakati paNdira naKukadzi 2008, kushandisa rubatsiro rwesimba rinokwevera pasi uye nokudaro kuwana kusaenzana, nekumhanya kwemakiromita angangoita 15.000 paawa.
Kuferefeta uku ndiko kuongorora kwekutanga kwakaitwa neNASA's New Frontiers chirongwa, icho chaive chakanangana nekugadzira epakati-mutengo probes, aya aidhura kupfuura kirasi yeDiscovery uye akachipa kupfuura Flagship. Mari yose yekuongorora iyi yaiva mamiriyoni 700 emadhora kwenguva yemakore gumi nemanomwe.
Chinangwa chekuongorora uku chaiva chekuongorora kuti Pluto system, Kuiper tepi uye kugadziriswa kwekutanga kwezuva rakasikwa. The spacecraft yakasarudza zvese nezvemhoteredzo, nzvimbo, mukati, uye zvese zvine chekuita nePluto nemwedzi yayo.
Chimwe chinangwa chaiva chekuongorora zvimwe zvinhu muKuiper belt, zvakafanana New Horizons, yakawana kanenge ka6000 mamwe mashoko kubva kuPluto kupfuura kubva kuMariner probes iri paRed Planet.
Tarisa Teresikopu
Teresikopu iyi iri paMauna Kea Observatory padyo nepamusoro pegomo reHawaiian inert rezita rimwe chetero, pahurefu hwemamita 4300, iyo inobvumira kutarisa kunoshamisa kweusiku, nekupindira kuduku mumatsime echiedza chekugadzira kana mhute chete mumhepo.
Iyo 11 metres muhupamhi ine chikamu chegirazi mumagirazi makumi matatu nemanomwe anorema matani mazana mana, inoiswa pamusoro pegomo rinoputika, yakatanga kushanda muna 37, mutengo wakazara waive pedyo nemamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu emadhora, ayo akapihwa neWM. Keck Institution.
Hubble nzvimbo teresikopu
Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso weperiscope unowanikwa kunze kwemhepo yemhepo, munzira yayo inofamba pedyo nepasi pamakiromita angangoita 600 pamusoro pegungwa, nekufamba kwemaminetsi zana.
Yakatumidzwa zita rekuremekedza nyanzvi yenyeredzi Edwin Hubble, yakatangwa muorbit muna 1991 mukutsvagisa kunonzi STS-31 sechikamu chechirongwa chakabatana neNASA neEuropean Space Agency, kutanga iyo Great Observatories system.
Humwe hunhu hunozivikanwa hweHubble kwaive kugona kuongororwa nevazivi vemuchadenga, mumasevhisi anozivikanwa zvikuru.
Poynting-Robertson maitiro
Iyi inzira iyo mamorekuru eguruva anofamba zvishoma nezvishoma mukutenderera akananga kuzuva, semhedzisiro yemwaranzi yezuva, izvi zvinoitika nekuti kutenderera kwezviyo kwezviyo kunoderedzwa nechikonzero chekudzvanyirira mumwaranzi.
Iyi nzira inogona kunzwisiswa nenzira mbiri, zvese zvinoenderana nekutaurwa kubva kwazvinotsanangurwa. Kubva kudivi rezviyo zveguruva, kupararira kwezuva kunoratidzika kubuda pakona, zvishoma kune nzira yekufamba, saka kunyura kwekupararira kwezuva chikamu chezviyo.