Galileo Galilei ndiye akawana Jupiter Satellites, nyika yakakomberedzwa nemwedzi inopfuura 60, pakati pavo pane 4 iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa Io, Europa, Ganymede uye Callisto. Muchinyorwa ichi tichadzidza zvishoma nezvekwakabva, magadzirirwo avakaitwa uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.
masatellite ejupiter
Satellite yeJupiter kune anopfuura 60, ayo mwedzi mikuru yeGarirea nemwedzi miduku zvinogoverwa mumapoka maviri. Uyewo varipo ndivo masatellite eMars.
Mwedzi yeGarireya mwedzi yakajairika pakuti kukura kwayo uye ukuru zvawo zvakakura zvakakwana zvokuumba nhare musimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi nenzira yokuti rinowirirana nomwedzi nechitarisiko chakaurungana.
Mwedzi misere yeJupiter ndiwo masatelliti akajairwa ane nzira dzakatwasuka dzakatenderedzwa dzisina kukokonyara zvichienderana nepasirese equatorial surface.
Mimwe mwedzi mina yakajairika miduku muhukuru, iri pedyo zvikuru neJupiter; idzi dzinoshanda semanyuko emamorekuru anoumba mhete dzeJupiter.
Mimwe mwedzi iri mumativi, nzira dzayo dzakananga dziri kure zvikuru nepasi uye dzine materu uye zvinhu zvisinganzwisisike. Mwedzi iyi yakakwezvwa neJupiter nekutenderera kwayo kwezuva.
Kune angangoita gumi nemanomwe asina kufananidzwa masatellite achangobva kuwanikwa asi asati adomwa mazita.
Mavambo uye shanduko
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Jupiter nemwedzi yayo inogadzirwa kubva kune circumplanetary disk, mhete yekuwedzera (kukura) kwegasi uye zvikamu zvakasimba zvakafanana neproto-planetary disk. Aya ndiwo mhedzisiro yezvakasara zvenhamba huru yemasatelliti ane huwandu hwemwedzi weGarirea iyo yakavambwa munhoroondo yekutanga yeJupiter.
Mashandurirwo aya anoratidza kuti kunyangwe dhisiki ringangove revhoriyamu yakaderera chero nguva, nekufamba kwenguva chikamu chakakura cheJupiter chakawanikwa nesolar nebula chakapfuura nepakati pacho.
Zvisinei, vhoriyamu yediski ye2% chete yeJupiter ine basa rekutsanangura kuti ndeipi mwedzi iripo.
Neiyi nzira panogona kunge pakava nezvimwe zvizvarwa zvenyeredzi dzine ukuru hweGarireya panguva yekutanga nhoroondo yeJupiter.
Kubereka kwemwedzi kwega kwega kungadai kwakapfurwa paJupiter nekuchinja kwedenderedzwa, nemwedzi mitsva ichiumba mushure memarara achangobva kuunganidzwa kubva kune solar nebula.
Vhoriyamu hombe yeyokupedzisira inomiririra kuti yakafambiswa mukati menyika pamwero wepamusoro kupfuura maviri ekutanga.
Mwedzi yekunze, yakajairika inotendwa kuve yakagadzirwa neasteroids inotenderera, kunyangwe dhisiki reproto-lunar raive rakasimba zvekutora zvakawanda zvekurudziro yavo uye nekudaro inovatora mu orbit.
Mugore ra1979, maviri Voyager probes akatumira kuPasi iwo ekutanga uye anoshamisa manhamba epasi mini-track iyo Jupiter inayo. Komisheni yeGalileo ya1995 yakakwanisa kusvika kunzira yeJupiter, ichitumira mazana emifananidzo uye ruzivo rwakatanhamara pamusoro pemakemikari uye chimiro cheJupiter nemwedzi yayo.
Zviratidzo
Hunhu hwenyama nehwekutenderera hwaiva nemwedzi hwakanga huchishanduka zvikuru. Mumwe nemumwe wevaGarireya vana ane anopfuura makiromita 3000, Ganymede ndicho chinhu chepfumbamwe chikuru pane yese solar system mushure meZuva uye nhamba yechinomwe yemapuraneti, ichibvisa Mercury.
Mimwe miviri yese yeJupiter inokwana makiromita mazana maviri muhupamhi, uye mazhinji acho asingasviki makiromita matanhatu.
Maonero edenderedzwa ane chinenge chakazara chakakombama chimiro chakakomberedzwa kana nemateru, mazhinji acho ari kutenderera neimwe nzira yekutenderera kweJupiter, maitiro aya anozivikanwa seanopokana kusimuka.
The orbital cycles haana kuenzana zvekuti anotangira pamaawa manomwe (aine nguva shoma pane Jupiter yekutenderera akisi yayo pachayo), kusvika kunosvika zviuru zvina zvakapetwa (makore angangoita mana ePasi).
Mazita emasatellite eJupiter
Galileo akapa zita racho kumwedzi mina yeJupiter yaakawana mugore ra1611, nemhaka yorubatsiro rweperiscope yake akakwanisa kuona mapuraneti anonzi Medici aakataura nezvawo aine manhamba I, II, III, uye IV.
Iri zita rakashandiswa kweanenge mazana maviri emakore, kusvika pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX mazita eIo, Europa, Ganymede neCallisto akagamuchirwa semvumo.
Sezvo masatelliti achangobva kuwanikwa akawanikwa nekuda kwekutora chikamu kwekuongorora muchadenga, akadanwa nemazita evanoda Jupiter.
Io
Uyu ndiwo mwedzi wechitatu une Jupiter nekukura kwawo uye wechishanu kureba kwawo. Ndiyo imwe yemwedzi inonzi Galileo mwedzi mukukudza muongorori wayo Galileo Galilei. Io is satellite ine zvakawanda zvezviitiko zvekuputika kwemakomo.
Iine makomo anoputika zvakanyanya muSolar System yese, aya anonzi Pelé uye Loki.
Iwo mavara aripo pamusoro peIo anotanga kubva kutsvuku kuenda kuchena, achichinja kuburikidza neyero kusvika kune yegirini.
Io's hue inobva pakupfachukira kuvapo kwesarufa, iyo inoshandura hue zvichienderana nekupisa: pa 113 ° (kunyunguduka kwayo) inenge yero, pa 150 ° inoshanduka kuita orenji, pa 180 ° tsvuku uye pa 250 ° inoshanduka kuita shava uye. nhema.
Mumapani avhareji tembiricha ye Ío -150 ° C. Aya ndiwo tembiricha munzvimbo dziri pedyo nemakomo anoputika.
Io ndicho chinhu chiri padhuze kune yechinyakare pfungwa yegehena. Tembiricha iri mumakomo anoputika inosvika 1700 madhigirii celsius, ukuwo kuputika kwakadzinga mhute nezvinhu zvegomo rinoputika nekukurumidza zvakapetwa kagumi kupfuura makomo anoputika ari paNyika.
Zvinhu zvinokwanisa kusvika makiromita akawanda pakureba uye sezvo kuine simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi zvishoma, chimwe chikamu cheichi chinoputika chinosiya nzvimbo chichiwira pamusoro peJupiter.
Io idiki zvishoma pane Mwedzi wedu pachedu. Zita rake rakapiwa kumiririra nymph iyo Zeus akachinja kuita mhuru kuitira kuti amudzivirire kubva pakufungira mudzimai wake Hera.
Hera akarayira Argos, uyo aiva nemaziso zana, kuti arambe akamutarira, asi Zeus akatuma mwanakomana wake Hermes kuti amuuraye. Mukukudzwa kwake, Hera akawana maziso ake zana ndokuaisa muminhenga yemhuka yaanofarira, pikoko.
Amalthea
Mukati mekutenderera mune mwedzi midiki mina inonzi Metis, Adrastea, Amalthea, uye Thebe. Zvose izvi zvine chimiro chisinganzwisisike, chisina vhoriyamu kana chimiro chemvura kuita chitarisiko chedenderedzwa.
Amalthea ndiyo ine hukuru hukuru, kunze kwekuti ndicho chinhu chakatsvuka panzira yese yeSolar. Icho chitubu chekupisa, sezvo ichiratidzira kupisa kwakawanda kupfuura kwainoona kubva kuZuva neJupiter.
Amalthea ine dhayamita ingangoita 180 km uye chimiro chisina kujairika. Pamusoro payo pazere nemakoronga nemakomo makuru.
Ndiyo yechitatu setiraiti yeJupiter nesangano kureba, yechishanu uye yekupedzisira yakawanikwa nerubatsiro rweperiscope. Yakaongororwa mugore re1892.
Europe
Europa imwe yemwedzi yeJupiter yakawanikwa naGalileo. Ine dhayamita 1600 km, zvishoma pane Mwedzi wedu, uye zvinotora 4,55 Earth days kuti ifambise oval orbit yayo kutenderera Jupiter.
Europa yakafukidzwa zvachose neaizi sheet pakati pe60 ne200 km gobvu. Kuwedzera kwayo hakuratidze chero rudzi rwe crater kana chero rudzi rwekuzorodza iyo yakakura kupfuura 100 metres pakureba. Pamwe iwo maaizi echando akaumbwa neammonia nechando.
Zvinotendwa kuti Europa inzvimbo yegungwa yakakomberedzwa nejasi rechando, uko hupenyu hunogona kuvapo mukudzika kwayo, sezvakangoita mumigero yePasi, zvisinei nekuti kune kupararira kwakanyanya kunobva kuJupiter uye kunoita. hazvigoneke hupenyu hwevanhu, zvakare kuti zvinoita sekunge pasi rino rine mhepo ine oxygen.
Ichokwadi ndechekuti mukati meEurope inoumbwa ne silicates.
Humwe hunhu hwakasarudzika hune Europa mutsara wemitsara unowanikwa mumidzi yakagoverwa mukati mese satellite, mamwe acho anosvika 1200 km kureba. Mitsetse iyi inoyeuchidza zvimedu zvemaumbirwo echando ane makungwa epasi, izvo zvinoratidza kuti pasi payo pane mvura yegungwa.
Europa inowana zita rayo kubva kumukadzi weFenikiya Zeus akadanana naye. Kuti amubvute akachinja kuita bhuru chena iye achiona kuti akanga adzikama akamushongedza nengetani yemaruva ndokukwira kumusana kwake.
Zeus akayambuka gungwa naye kumusana kusvikira asvika kuchitsuwa cheKrete. Ipapo Zeus akatora nzombe chena akaenda nayo kumatenga muchimiro chenyeredzi kuti iumbe boka renyeredzi reTaurus.
Ganymede
Ganymede, ndiyo satellite huru yeJupiter, iri zvakare satellite yepamusoro muSolar System, yakatokura kupfuura iyo Mercury. Chinyorwa cheScientific Disclosure yeSolar System.
Iyo ine dhayamita ye5300 km. Zvinotora mazuva masere ePasi kuti apedze kutenderera kwayo kwese kutenderedza Jupiter.
Ndiyo yega satellite yeJupiter ine mukurumbira wechirume. Ganymede ndiye aitungamirira kuendesa makomichi kuna mwari, munhu aitarisira kugovera muto nedoro.
Nyaya yacho inotaura kuti yakanga iri mukomana weTrojan aizivikanwa nokuda kwekunaka kwake kukuru uko Zeus-Jupiter akawira murudo. Akatora chimiro chegondo kuti amubvute ndokuenda naye kuOlympus.
Ganymede ine hypnotic munda uye nharaunda yeokisijeni, kunyangwe yakatetepa zvakakwana kutsigira masisitimu ehupenyu sezvatinoaziva.
Kumusoro kwayo kunozivikanwa kugoverwa munzvimbo mbiri, imwe ine rima uye yechikuru uye imwe ine chiedza chakayambuka nemamwe makatsemuka. Kusaenzana uku kunokonzerwa nebasa re geological. PaGanymede hakuna makomo. Avhareji yetembiricha yepasi i160°C uye tembiricha yepasi i9°C.
Callisto
Iine nzvimbo yakasviba zvikuru yemwedzi mina yaGalileo, kunyange zvazvo ichipenya zvakapetwa kaviri seMwedzi Wepasi.
Callisto ndiyo stellar element ine akawanda craters muSolar System. Zvinoita sekuti yakafa kare kare, nekuti hairatidze chero basa re geological pane yayo yakafukidzwa nechando. Iri chidimbu chedombo rakafa chinofungidzirwa kuva nemakore anopfuura mabhiriyoni mashanu.
Callisto terrain
Iyi satellite inotonhora ine density shoma. Sezvo iri kure kure neJupiter, kuvhenekera kushoma kubva kune nyeredzi huru inosvika pairi, ndicho chikonzero ichifungidzirwa kuti chingave chakanyanya kukodzera kuongororwa kwemunhu kupfuura kweEuropa.
Mukurumbira wake wakapiwa paari neimwe yemhandara dzaAtemisi, mwarikadzi wokuvhima. Zeus akamushungurudza ndokumupa pamuviri saka Atemisi akamuramba.
Zeus akamushandura kuita bere kuitira kuti amudzivirire kubva pakufungirwa kwemukadzi wake wechikadzi Hera, kwaakamuisa iye nemwanakomana wake mudenga, achipa nzira kumapoka enyeredzi eGreat Bear uye Little Bear.
