Imwe nguva yapfuura, nhangemutange yekukunda yekunze yakachengeta USA neUSSR sevamiriri. Panguva iyi, kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kwakavandudza zvakanyanya aeronautics uye kuenda mudenga. Pasina kupokana, zvese zviri zviviri chirongwa cheAmerican space uye iyo soviet space program Vakapa zviwanikwa zvikuru kuvanhu. Chirongwa cheSoviet space chakashanda sebudiriro yakazvimiririra ine chinangwa chekuunza ruzivo rwevanhu muchadenga. Pasinei zvapo nemiitiro yake inokakavadzana uye mugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika, iye akasiya chiratidzo chake munhau yomunhu. Kuburikidza nemabasa avo, vakavaka hwaro hwezvese zvave kuwanikwa nhasi. Hapana mubvunzo kuti anofanirawo kuremekedzwa.
Iwe unogona zvakare kufarira chinyorwa chedu: Ziva nzvimbo nhatu dzekupedzisira dzinotangwa uye mapurojekiti avo!
Asati apinda munyaya yacho. Chii chaizvo chirongwa chemuchadenga? Ziva tsananguro yayo!
Sezvazvinozivikanwa, ruzivo rwemuchadenga mubvunzo unouya kubva kare. Madzibaba echinyakare chenyeredzi ndivo vakaisa matombo ekutanga etemberi ichiripo.
Nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwazvino, zvakabatsira mukusikwa kwe soviet space program iyo inofarira kuongororwa kwechadenga. Sezvo vakavepo, zvirongwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvemuchadenga zvanga zviri izvo zvakasimudzirwa nevese United States uye yaimbova USSR.
Kunobva: Google
Nhasi, chirongwa chemuchadenga Inoitirwa kukurudzira kuongorora denga. Zvikuru, iwo nhevedzano yemapurojekiti kana marongero anotsvaka kudzosa munhu muchadenga. Zvikatadza izvozvo, iko kugona kweinjiniya yemuchadenga kuvaka ngarava, probes kana zvigadzirwa kuti zvipinze muchadenga.
Zvese zviri muchadenga zvakakosha mune zvesainzi uye mune zvehupfumi. Zvirongwa zvemuchadenga zvine chekuita neruzivo nekunzwisisa kwechadenga pamwe nezvose zvinochigadzira. Nekudaro, inobatanidza zvinhu zvinogoneka uye zvinhu zviripo ipapo nehumwe kukosha kwemari.
zvirongwa zvemuchadenga vanotsvaka kuti vanhu vave pedyo nezvisingazivikanwi. Kuburikidza neastronautics, chinodiwa kupfuudza miganhu iripo uye kuenda kupfuura izvo zvakawanikwa.
Parizvino, nebasa rekubatana pakati pe NASA uye kambani SPACE X, chishuwo ndechekusimudza nhanho yezvirongwa zvemuchadenga. Kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwemichina mitsva uye yakaomarara, zvishoma nezvishoma munhu anosvika pane zvaagara achitsvaga: denga.
Zvese pamusoro pechirongwa cheSoviet space uye mabasa ayo anoshamisa akaitwa!
Pakati pemakore 1955 na1975, iyo inonzi Space Race yakaitika pakati pemacolossi maviri enyika. Dzose dziri mbiri United States neSoviet Union dzakanga dzakatsunga kusvika panzvimbo yakanga isingambofungiki nokuda kwomunhu panguva iyoyo.
Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare vachiratidza nguva iyi yenhoroondo semakwikwi ezvematongerwo enyika, chokwadi ndechokuti yakasiya mipiro mikuru. Ose ari maviri soviet space program Kufanana nemaAmerica, vakakwanisa kufambira mberi muruzivo rwenzvimbo zvisinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akabatanidzwa pakati pemarudzi maviri.
Kuedza kwakabatana kwakaitwa nenyika mbiri idzi, vakapedzisa nekugadzirwa kwemasatellite ekushandisa kwesainzi. Ndivo vaivewo marudzi ekutanga kutumira zvikepe zvine vanhu muchadenga uye kunyange kuMwedzi.
Parizvino, kukudzwa kwese uye kukudzwa kunonzi kuAmerican space program. Zvisinei, the soviet space program, yakapawo huwandu hukuru hwezvinhu zvinofanirwa kuratidzwa zvakaenzana.
Kutenda kwavari nekukwikwidza kwavo nguva dzose nenyika yeNorth America, munhu ane pfungwa iri nani nezve cosmos. Nenzira imwecheteyo, yakamaka pamberi uye shure mune tekinoroji yenguva iyoyo seyakadaro.
Sputnik-1
Soviet Union inopiwa mubairo wekufananidzira wekutangisa satellite yekutanga. Nechinangwa chekuisa mudziyo muorbit waizobatsira pakutsvaga muchadenga, vakabudirira. Muna October 1957, the Sputnik akatanga basa rake uye basa rake rekuwedzera kusimbisa nhangemutange yemuchadenga.
Wekutanga kurarama ari muchadenga, Laika
Mupiro waLaika uye chibayiro chakatevera pabhodhi kutanga, akaisa hwaro hwemisheni yaizoitwa nevanhu munguva yemberi. Chidzidzo chakaitwa maererano neizvi chakabvumira kuti zvikepe zvigadziriswe kuitira kuti vanhu vakwanise kubhururuka. Mukati meSputnik 2, Laika akatanga kufamba nechikepe achipinda kunze muna Mbudzi 1957.
Yuri Gagarin naValentina Tereshkova
Muna Kubvumbi 1961, Yuri Gagarin akadarika miganhu yezviito zvakaitwa kusvika zvino nemunhu. Iyi Soviet cosmonaut yakave murume wekutanga kupa kana kupedzisa orbit yePasi. Gare gare, Valentina Tereshkova, ari muVostok 6, akakwanisa kuenzanisa nheyo imwechete, ari mukadzi wokutanga munzvimbo.
Saliut nzvimbo zviteshi
iyo soviet space program yakaratidzwawo nekuisa zviteshi zvemuchadenga zvekutanga mukutenderera. Kutenda kune space rocket, Proton, zviteshi zviviri zvehurumende zvine zita rekuti DOS zvakagadzirwa pamwe chete nechiteshi chemauto chinonzi Almaz. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akaramba ari mubasa kubva muna 1971 kusvika muna 1986.
Mars 1 uye Venera 1
Mukuda kwayo kutsvaga kana kuongorora mamiriro edzimwe nyika, Soviet Union yakatanga maprobe maviri epakati pemapuraneti. Ose Mars 1 neVenera 1 akakwanisa kubhururuka pamusoro peMars neVenus zvakateerana, achiisa nhoroondo.
Sei chirongwa cheSoviet chakanyorwa se "chakavanzika nzvimbo chirongwa"?
Kunobva: Google
Kurwisana pakati peUnited States neSoviet Union, kupfuura zvematongerwo enyika kana geopolitical. Mushure meHondo Yemashoko, chinhu chega chakasara kukunda yaive nzvimbo yaive pamusoro penyika idzi.
Inoonekwa sechirongwa chemuchadenga chakavanzika nekuti, kwenguva yakati, kune kunyarara kunotyisa kurudzi urwu. Kubva pakatanga Sputnik-1, zvakaratidzwa chaizvo zvaiitika panguva iyoyo.
Chaizvoizvo, iyi yakavanzika nzvimbo chirongwa, yakatanga Mujaho unozivikanwa weSpace. Mukuwedzera, Soviet Union yakasarudza kutora nzira iyi kuitira kuti zvirongwa zvayo zvirege kubudiswa. Kwavari, kukunda matenga pamberi pemamwe marudzi rakanga riri danho rinokosha rekuenda kunguva itsva.
Kazhinji, zviito zvese izvi zvakaitwa muchivande kudzivirira kupindira kubva kune mamwe marudzi. Pazvakazobuda pachena, gakava harina kunonoka kuuya. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvose zvakaguma nemwenje yakawanda kupfuura mimvuri.
