Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezviwanikwa zvinopa nyika imwe neimwe yakasarudzika uye akasiyana hunhu, ichipa iyo isingaenzaniswi runako rwechisikigo mumakona ese epasi, saka, manhamba akaiswa pamhando dzezvirimwa, fauna uye marudzi eecosystem aripo mukati medunhu rega rega achigadzira zvivakwa megadiverse, mu chinyorwa chinotevera tinodzidza nezve nyika ye megadiverse?
Chii chinonzi Megadiverse Country?
Nyika yepasi inoumbwa nenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzechisikigo dzakadai savannah, nzizi, nyanza, masango, masango, mazaya echando, magwenga, makomo, makungwa, machakwi, pakati pezvimwe. Vanomiririra nzvimbo dzekunaka kwechisikigo, dzakapfuma mukusiyana-siyana kwezvisikwa zvipenyu mumaruva (miti, zvirimwa, shrub) uye fauna (felines, zvinokambaira, hove), zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kona imwe neimwe yepasi inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinoigadzira. imwe nzvimbo yakasiyana uye yakasiyana
Nyika yakakamurwa kuita makondinendi mashanu uye imwe neimwe yadzo inoumbwa neboka renyika dzine mamiriro akasiyana echisikigo, zvichiratidza muchiitiko ichi nyika idzo dzinotambira mwero mukuru wekusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu panyika, dzinozivikanwa senyika dzemegadiverse. Vakaonekwa pakati pa1998 neEnvironment Conservation Monitoring Center (CMCA).
Yakanga iri pfungwa yakatsanangurwa muna 1988 neanthropologist Russell Mittermeier, purezidhendi weConservation International, anozivikanwa nezvidzidzo zvake munyika dzakasiyana dzakaita seMadagascar neBrazil. Parizvino ishoko rinoshandiswa kuzivisa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvikuru munyika dziya dzine marudzi akasiyana-siyana uye ndiwo anonyanya kukanganiswa.
Maererano neUnited Nations Environment Programme, vakakwanisa kuziva kuti kune nyika 17 megadiverse, nyika idzi dzinofukidza nzvimbo dzinopisa dziri muSoutheast Asia neLatin America. Vanongomiririra 10% yepasi rose asi nyika idzi ndidzo 70% yezvipenyu zvepasi. Zvinosanganisira zvinopfuura zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemarudzi ese ane vertebrate (kwete kusanganisira hove) uye zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvemhando dzezvirimwa zvepamusoro.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) yakagadzira World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC), iyo inoona nezve nyika dzine megadiverse, idzo dziri gumi nenomwe pamwe chete:
- Ositireriya
- Brasil
- China
- Korombiya
- Ekwadho
- United States
- Philippines
- India
- Indonezhiya
- Madhagasika
- Malasia
- Mekisiko
- Papua New Guinea
- Peru
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- South Africa
- Venezuela
Pakati pegore ra2002, musangano wakatangwa muMexico wenyika huru dzinonzi megadiverse, mumusangano uyu zvimwe zvakabatwa, seCancun Declaration neBoka reKufanana-Minded Megadiverse Countries rakagadzirwa, zvese. izvi nechinangwa chekuita nzira dzekubvunzana dzinoshanda pamwe chete, nechishuwo chikuru chiri chekuchengetedza zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu.
Pamusoro pekubvumira kubatanidzwa kwakanaka uye kwakadzikama kwezvose zvinobatsira zvinowanikwa se genetic resources. Nekufamba kwenguva, dzimwe nyika dzakabatanidzwa muBoka iri, dzakaita seMalaysia, Philippines, Iran neGuatemala.
Hunhu hweMegadiverse Countries
Nyika dzese dzepasirese dzine marudzi akasiyana ezvidyarwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipfuyo, nekuda kweizvi World Conservation Monitoring Center yakamisa seti yehunhu hunodiwa kuti vakwanise kufunga nyika semegadiverse:
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo
Akawanda ari munzvimbo dzinopisa, nzvimbo ine marudzi akasiyana-siyana emarudzi.
endemic species
Nyika dzeMegadiverse dzinofanirwa kuumbwa neinosvika zviuru mazana mashanu zvidyarwa, izvi zvinoenderana neidzo dzakavapo munzvimbo iyoyo uye dzinongowanikwa chete munharaunda iyoyo.
zvakasiyana-siyana zveecosystems
Vanomira pachena nekuve nenhamba yakakosha yezvipenyu mukati menzvimbo dzavo dzenzvimbo dzakadai semakomo, masango, masango uye kunyanya ayo emhando dzemugungwa dzakadai sereef nemakungwa. Kupa nharaunda yayo kusiyana kwezvakatipoteredza, ivhu uye mamiriro ekunze.
Kuiswa kwemurwere kwake ega
Aya matunhu akapatsanurwa nezvitsuwa uye nyika yekondinendi iyo inobvumira kusimudzira kwakasiyana kwemaruva nemhuka munzvimbo dzavanogara.
Size
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yakakosha zvikuru munyaya iyi, apo kukura kwehukuru, kunowedzera kusiyana kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemarudzi.
nhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka
Dzimwe nyika inzvimbo dzenhoroondo yekushanduka-shanduka, dzinosangana munzvimbo mbiri dzebiogeographical, zvichikonzera kudyidzana kwezvipenyu nemaruva akakodzera papasi.
tsika nemagariro
Inobvumira kuchengetwa kwezvirimwa nemhuka zvinobatsira kune zvakatipoteredza.
Zvinangwa zveMegadiverse Countries
Tsanangudzo yeMegadiverse ine chekuita nekusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu uye kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinopfumisa imwe nharaunda yepasi, nekuda kweichi Cancun Declaration neBoka reSe-Minded Megadiverse Countries vane chinangwa chikuru:
- Biological siyana mumaforamu
Iva nechinzvimbo chine chekuita neiyo biological biodiversity yezvirimwa nemhuka mumaforamu epasi rose akaitwa.
- Kurudzirai kuchengetedzwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana munyika dzavanobva
Kugadzira mapurojekiti anosimudzira kutsvagisa pane zviwanikwa zvezviwanikwa, kudyara mari mune endogenous matekinoroji mukutsigira kuchengetedza uye kuita zviitiko zvehupfumi zvakatsiga.
- Kurudzira kuchengetedza
Iva nechinangwa chikuru pazvinhu, masevhisi uye mabhenefiti ane chekuita nekuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa, uchitsvaga bhenefiti inoenderera yekusiyana-siyana kwekusimudzira nyika.
- Nzira dzekupanana ruzivo uye kuwiriranisa mitemo
Gadzirisa mutemo wenyika yenyika dzese dziri nhengo kukurudzira kuchengetedzwa kwezvakasiyana-siyana, kuwana zviwanikwa zvemajini uye mabhenefiti ezvinotorwa.
- Rongedza mitemo yekuchengetedza
Gadzira seti yemirau inosimudzira chirongwa chekuchengetedza zvese zviwanikwa zvebhayoloji uye kushandiswa kwavo kwakasimba.
- International Actions
Kurudzira kuita nhanho nenyika dzakavakidzana sechirongwa chega uye mapato ese anofarira, achikurudzira kushandira pamwe uye kubatsirana, nebasa rezvose zvakasikwa capital mukati menyika kuchengetedza uye kushandisa zviwanikwa.
- Kurwisa kupihwa zvisiri pamutemo
Iva nekutonga kwezviitwa zvisiri pamutemo zvezviwanikwa zvese zvebhayoloji, nekutonga kwakanaka kweruzivo pane zvakaipa zviito, kuita kuti zvizivikanwe kune vedzidzo uye akazvimirira masangano zvese zvinodiwa kushandisa nzira dzinodzora zviwanikwa.
Megadiverse Nyika
Kune masangano akasiyana-siyana anoona nezvekuchengeta zviwanikwa zvebhayoloji yenyika dzemegadiverse, panguva iyi United Nations World Conservation Monitoring Center inomira pachena, chinangwa chavo ndechekuisa nyika maererano neiyo iripo biodiversity index, ichitevera seti yemaparamita. zvine hukama nekusiyana kwezvipenyu uye mutsauko mumhando dzenyika imwe neimwe, pazasi isu tichaziva hukuru hunhu hweumwe neumwe wavo:
- Ositireriya
Iine huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu zvepanyika uye zvemugungwa, mukuwedzera pakuva rudzi muchimiro chechitsuwa, zvinoreva kuti mazhinji ezvipenyu zvaro zviripo kune iyo nharaunda, semuenzaniso kangaroos, platypus, emus, pakati pevamwe.
- Brasil
Yakanyanya kufarirwa kuve nesango zhinji reAmazon munharaunda yeSouth America, ine mhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa nemhuka, dzinosvika mamirioni mana pamwe chete.
- China
Inomiririra nyika ine huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu, zvisinei neizvi inopa dzakasiyana siyana dzepasi uye dzemumvura zvipenyu zvakachengetwa nemasangano ehurumende.
- Korombiya
Inoonekwa senyika ine nhamba yepamusoro yezvipenyu paskweya mita, iri nyika ine 19% yemhuka dziri panyika.
- Ekwadho
Iine mwero wepamusoro wemaruva nemhuka munyika yayo, asi inomira pachena kuva nyika yakaisa mitemo yakati wandei yekuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvayo zvipenyu.
- United States
Ndiyo imwe yenyika dzakakura kwazvo pasi rose, saka inomira pachena kune dzakasiyana siyana dzezvipenyu uye kunyange yakasarudzika uye yakasarudzika matunhu, senge saline mahombekombe eCalifornia kana Grand Canyon yeColorado.
- Philippines
Ndiyo imwe nyika ine mwero wepamusoro wekusiyana-siyana nekuda kwerudzi rwepasi yainayo, semuenzaniso ine zvitsuwa zvinopfuura 700 uko masango nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu zvemugungwa zvinomira.
- India
Inoratidzwa nekuedza kushandisa mitemo inodiwa kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvayo, kunyange zvazvo mimwe inokosha yakarasika. Naizvozvo, kune 500 nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka uye gumi nenhatu marudzi ekuchengetedza.
- Indonezhiya
Inyika ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinomera uye zvipenyu zvipenyu, ndiko kuti, yakasarudzika kurudzi urwu. Kungopfuurwa neAustralia murudzi urwu rwe index.
- Madhagasika
Inonyatso kuzivikanwa nekuve neinopfuura hafu yemarudzi echameleon pasi rose, kunyangwe iri chitsuwa, kune mhuka dzakasiyana siyana uye zvinomera zvinogara kurudzi rwayo.
- Malasia
Inomiririra nyika ine mwero wakakwira wezvirimwa nemhuka, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi ine mwero wepamusoro wekuparadzwa kwemiti, ichiisa mungozi endemic mhando seBornean orangutan.
- Mekisiko
Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo kwezvipenyu uye yakasarudzika mudunhu rino, pamusoro pekuve neinosvika gumi muzana yemarudzi ese epasirese.
- Papua New Guinea
Parizvino inoonekwa seimwe yenyika huru megadiverse, izvi zvinonzi kuve imwe yedzisina kuongororwa, saka ine kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya kwezvirimwa nemhuka.
- Peru
Ndiyo imwe yenyika dzine chikamu chesango reAmazon, saka ine hukuru hukuru hwemarudzi ezvipenyu munyika yose.
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
Pasinei nechitendero chakakurumbira, Congo inomiririra imwe yemasango makuru pasi pano, ichionekwa sechipiri mushure mesango reAmazon.
- South Africa
Inyika inoratidzirwa nenzvimbo dzayo dzemashiti ane akati wandei akakosha marudzi seshumba, mvuu, mapere, twiza, ingwe, pakati pezvimwe. Iyo zvakare inomira kunze kwekuve ne10% yemhando dzezvirimwa papasi.
- Venezuela
Inozivikanwa senyika ine akawanda ecosystems, kubva kumahombekombe, makomo, savannas, renje, masango, mapani, pakati pezvimwe. Pamusoro pekuva ne15% yeshiri dziri pasi rose.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira:
Tekinoroji Inokanganisa Zvakatipoteredza