Turkey ndeimwe yenyika dzisingadi kuiswa muzvikamu zviri nyore: zambuko riri pakati peEurope neAsia, hupfumi huri kusimukira hune zvinangwa zvepasi rose, uye panguva imwe chete nzanga inozivikanwa nekuchinja kukuru kwevanhu uye kusawirirana mukati. Kunzwisisa hupfumi hwayo nehuwandu hwevanhu kwakakosha kune chero munhu anofunga nezvekudyara mari, kutengeserana, kudzidza nyika, kana kungofamba ikoko nepfungwa dzakasiyana kupfuura zvinoitwa nevashanyi.
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, hupfumi hweRepublic of Türkiye hwakakura zvinoshamisa.Kuchinja kukuru kwevanhu munharaunda uye kushanduka kukuru kwemaguta nevanhu ndizvo zvakaratidza kufambira mberi uku. Zvisinei, kwave kuine matambudziko makuru: kukwira kwemitengo kwakanyanya, kushaya simba kwemari, kutsamira pasimba remagetsi, kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kumanikidzwa kukuru kwevanhu nevekutama. Tichaongorora zvese izvi takadzikama asi zvakananga, tichishandisa data razvino uye mafambiro enhoroondo akakosha.
Mamiriro ezvinhu: hukuru hwenyika, huwandu hwevanhu, uye mararamiro evanhu
Türkiye iri kunyanya kuWestern Asia, ine kanzvimbo kadiki kekuEurope. iyo inosanganisira chikamu cheIstanbul neThrace yekumabvazuva. Nzvimbo yayo inosvika 785.350 km², zvichiita kuti ive nyika yakakura uye yakasiyana-siyana maererano nerudzi rwenyika, mamiriro ekunze, uye kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa. Guta guru rezvematongerwo enyika iAnkara, kunyangwe injini yechokwadi yehupfumi nehuwandu hwevanhu iri Istanbul, guta guru renyika.
Huwandu hwevanhu vekuTurkey hunosvika mamiriyoni 85,8.Izvi zvinoiisa pakati penyika dzine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose. Zvichibva padata iri, huwandu hwevanhu hunosvika 109 pa km², nhamba iri pakati nepakati asi haina kuenzana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yacho: kune nzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda (dzakakomberedza Istanbul, mahombekombe ekumadokero nekumadokero kwakadziva kumadokero, uye muganhu wekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva) nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine vanhu vashoma mukati meAnatolia.
Panyaya yesimba rekutenga uye kugara zvakanaka, Türkiye inopa zvinhu zvakanaka nezvakaipa.Nyika iri panhamba yegumi nematanhatu pasi rose maererano neGDP, zvichiiisa pakati penyika huru dzezvehupfumi. Zvisinei, mamiriro acho anochinja patinotarisa GDP pamunhu: inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika €16.385 (inenge $18.600) pamunhu muna 2025, izvo zvinoiisa panhamba yemakumi matanhatu nemana pasi rose, nehupenyu huri pakati nepakati kana tichienzanisa nehupfumi hwakabudirira.
Avhareji yemari inobhadharwa muTürkiye ichiri pakati penyika dzakabudirira dzakaderera.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anokonzerwa nekukwira kwemitengo, kuderera kwemari, uye kupatsanurwa kwakasimba kwemusika wevashandi pakati pematunhu nezvikamu. Izvi zvine chekuita zvakananga nekushandiswa kwemari mudzimba, kugona kuchengetedza mari, uye maonero everuzhinji ehupenyu hwakanaka.
Chinyorwa cheHuman Development Index (HDI) chakanyorwa neSangano reNyika Izvi zvinoisa Turkey panzvimbo yepamusoro-soro, inenge iri panhamba 46. Izvi zvinoratidza kufambira mberi kuri pachena mudzidzo, hutano, uye mari inowanikwa, asiwo kuti ichiri kumashure kwenyika zhinji dzekumadokero kweEurope nedzimwe hupfumi hweAsia hwakabudirira.
Zvakaitika munguva pfupi yapfuura muhupfumi: kukura, kukwira kwemitengo uye chikwereti
Türkiye yave nekukura kwakasimba kwehupfumi kubvira kuma1980Nekuda kwemaitiro ekusununguka, kuvhurwa kwekutengeserana, uye shanduko dzezvimiro, modhi iyi yakabatanidza kusimudzira maindasitiri kwakasimba, kuwedzera kwechikamu chebasa, kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa, uye kuwedzera kubatanidzwa mukutengeserana kwenyika dzese uye kuyerera kwekudyara.
Pakati pa2003 na2016, GDP chaiyo yeTürkiye yakakura neavhareji yeinenge 5,6% pagore.Iyi inhamba yakakura kwazvo munguva yakareba kudaro. Kana tichitarisa huwandu hwenyika, GDP yakakura kubva pamadhora mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora muna 2000 kusvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni mazana masere nemakumi mashanu muna 2017, ichisvika pamadhora mabhiriyoni mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu muna 2013 isati yadzika midzi. Hupfumi hwakatokwanisa kupora kubva mudambudziko remari repasi rose ra2008-2009, kunyangwe nekudzikira kwekukura kwenguva pfupi.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kukura kwaderera uye kwava kuderera zvakanyanyaMuna 2017, GDP chaiyo yakakura ne7%, asi kusawirirana kwemari, dambudziko reLira, uye kurasikirwa nechivimbo chekunze zvakaita kuti pave nekudzikira kwekuchinja kwezvakafanotaurwa. Kusawirirana kusati kwawedzera, masangano akadai seIMF akafungidzira kukura kwe4,4% ne4% muna 2018 na2019, zvichiteerana, nekukwira kwemitengo kwaisvika 11%. Zvisinei, chokwadi chaive chakaoma zvikuru maererano nemitengo.
Muna 2025, hupfumi hweTurkey hwakakura ne3,6%.Kunyange zvazvo hupfumi huchiri kuramba huchichinja, hupfumi huri kure nekumhanya kwemakore gumi apfuura. Gore rinonetsa rinotarisirwa mugore ra2026, nenjodzi dzakaipa dzinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana muMiddle East, kusagadzikana kwemari, uye kudiwa kwekugadzirisa hurongwa hwehupfumi kuti hudzore kukwira kwemitengo pasina kukanganisa kukura kwehupfumi.
Chikwereti chehurumende cheTurkey chinoramba chiri pakati nepakati sechikamu cheGDPMuna 2024, chikwereti chenyika chaive panosvika €296.239 bhiriyoni (inenge $320.547 bhiriyoni), zvichireva inenge 23,6% yeGDP. Chikwereti chemunhu mumwe nemumwe chiri pa €3.458 (inenge $3.742) pamunhu mumwe nemumwe, zvinofungidzirwa kuti, muchirevo, hazvingatyisidzi kana zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzine huwandu hwakakwira.
Dambudziko guru rehupfumi hweTurkey mumakore achangopfuura rave riri inflation, chiitiko chakabatana ne kushanduka kwemariMunhoroondo, Turkey yagara nenhamba yepamusoro-soro, dzimwe nguva ichidarika 100%. Pakati pa2003 nepakati pa2010, nyika yakakwanisa kuchengetedza huwandu hwayo huri pakati pe6% kusvika 12% pagore, izvo zvaive zvichiri pamusoro kana zvichienzaniswa neEuropean Union, asi zvakagadzikana.
Kubva 2017-2018 zvichienda mberi, mitengo yakakwira zvakanyanya.MunaKurume 2018, inflation yakamira pa15,8%, zviri pachena kuti yaipfuura zvaitarisirwa pakutanga. Chiyero cheCPI chegore negore chakabudiswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022 chakaratidza 80,2% inoshamisa, zvichiratidza kudzikira kukuru kwe lira, kuwedzera kwemutengo wesimba uye zvinhu zvinopinzwa munyika, uye mutemo wemari wakatsoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekusaita basa kwaro.
Maumbirwo ebudiriro: zvikamu zvakakosha uye simba remakwikwi
Hupfumi hweTurkey hwakasiyana-siyana uye hwakavakirwa pamatanho matatu makuruMabasa, maindasitiri, uye kurima. Kuenzana uku kwakaita kuti ikwanise kukunda matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekunze nekugona kusimba, kunyange hazvo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine matambudziko acho.
Chikamu chebasa chinotora chikamu chinosvika 64% cheGDP yeTurkey.Izvi zvinosanganisira mabasa akasiyana-siyana akadai sekushanya, zvitoro, mabasa emari, tekinoroji yeruzivo, kutakurwa kwendege, uye veruzhinji. Kushanya, kunyanya, ndiko kunotungamira mari yekunze, nevashanyi vanouya kumahombekombe eMediterranean, Istanbul, ne nhaka yenhoroondo yakapfuma yenyika.
Indasitiri iyi inomiririra inenge 27% yeGDP Inosanganisira zvese kubva kuzvinhu zvemotokari nemaindasitiri kusvika kumakemikari, machira, zvinhu zvekuvaka, zvemagetsi, uye simbi. Turkey yakazvigadzira semugadziri mukuru wemotokari, machira, zvishandiso zvemagetsi nezvemagetsi, uye zvigadzirwa zvesimbi.
Chikamu chekurima, kunyangwe chakaderera huremu, chichiri kupa mari inosvika 9% yeGDP uye ichishandisa chikamu chikuru chevanhu, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri mukati menyika nekumabvazuva. Nyika iyi ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira michero, miriwo, zviyo, uye zvigadzirwa zvakaita sedonje nehazelnuts, izvo zvinoita kuti ive nekudya kwakakwana uye ikwanise kutengesa kunze kwenyika mumisika chaiyo.
Türkiye yakaisa mari yakawanda mukutakura nekugadzira zvivakwa zvemagetsiIne network yakakura yemigwagwa mikuru, sisitimu yechitima iri kukura, zviteshi zvakawanda, uye nhandare dzendege dzakawanda hombe dzepasi rose, kusanganisira Istanbul Airport itsva, imwe yenhandare hombe pasi rose. Musimba, inopfuura hafu yesimba rayo rinobva kuzvinhu zvinogona kushandiswazve, kunyanya hydraulicsmhepo nezuva.
Pakati pesimba guru rekukwikwidzana kwenyika, nzvimbo yayo yenzvimbo inoonekwa zvakanyanya.Izvi zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo huru yekutakura zvinhu pakati peEurope, Central Asia, Middle East, neCaucasus. Pamusoro pezvo pane vashandi vechidiki vane hunyanzvi, mari yevashandi ichiri kukwikwidzana, uye chikamu chebhizinesi chine maindasitiri makuru uye nhamba iri kukura yemakambani madiki anotungamira kutengesa kunze kwenyika.
Kutengeserana kwenyika dzese uye hukama hwehupfumi hwekunze
Kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika kwakakosha zvikuru muhupfumi hweTurkeyTurkey inotumira kunze kwenyika zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirwa nezvirimwa, ukuwo ichivimbawo nekutenga simba, zvinhu zvepakati, uye tekinoroji. Kuvhurika uku kunoita kuti ive nehanya zvakanyanya nekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yepasi rose uye kugadzikana kwemari yayo.
Munyaya yekutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika, machira, zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari nemichina zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya.Kuwedzera kumotokari, zvinhu zvekuvaka, uye chikafu chakagadziriswa, kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika muna 2022 kwaive mari inosvika mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemasere emadhora ($198.000 bhiriyoni), Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, neUnited States dziri pakati penzvimbo dzayo huru, pamwe chete nevamwe vadyidzani vemunharaunda muMiddle East neNorth Africa.
Kudivi rekutenga zvinhu kunze kwenyika, Türkiye inonyanya kutenga michina, mafuta, makemikari nezvinhu zvepakati. inodiwa pakuvaka kwayo maindasitiri. Muna 2022, zvinhu zvakatengwa kunze kwenyika zvaisvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemana emadhora ($234.000 bhiriyoni). Vatengesi vayo vakuru vanosanganisira China, Germany, Russia, neUnited States, zvichiratidza musanganiswa wevadyidzani veEurope, Asia, uye simba.
Dambudziko rekushomeka kwekutengeserana richiri dambudziko remuumbirwo wenyaya.Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika nekuti nyika inotenga chikamu chikuru chesimba rayo (mafuta negasi) uye huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri. Kunyangwe paine kuedza kwakaitwa kuderedza kuvimba uku kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvesimba rinogona kudzorerwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana, bhiri resimba richiri chinhu chakakosha, chiri panjodzi huru yekusagadzikana kwemitengo yemafuta asina kuchekwa negasi.
Hukama hwekutengeserana neEuropean Union pamwe neSpain hune simba guruSemuenzaniso, neSpain, zvinhu zvakatengeswa kuTurkey zvakakwira ne23% muna 2022 uye zvinhu zvakatengeswa kubva kuSpain ne20%, kunyangwe hazvo huwandu hwezvinhu zvakatengeswa hwakanga husina kunaka kuSpain, nekushomeka kwekutengeserana kwemari inosvika €3.212 bhiriyoni. Maitiro akafanana anoonekwa mukutengeserana kwayo neGermany, United Kingdom, neItaly, uko Turkey inosanganisa basa rayo semutengesi wemaindasitiri uye musika wekuenda.
Pamusoro peEU, Türkiye inochengetedza zvibvumirano zvenyika mbiri pamwe nehurongwa hwekushandira pamwe nenyika dzakadai seChile neSwitzerland.uye inosimbisa hukama hwayo nemakambani epasi rose akadai seUnited States, Japan, neChina. Zvibvumirano izvi nekubatana zvine chinangwa chekusimbisa basa renyika senzvimbo yekutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye nzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu mudunhu.
Mari yekudyara kune dzimwe nyika, mamiriro ebhizinesi uye makambani makuru
Türkiye yave nzvimbo yakakodzera yekudyara mari yekunze zvakanangaIchishandisa mukana wemusika wayo mukuru wemuno, mari inokwikwidzana, uye nzvimbo dzakakosha, hurumende yakasimudzira zvinokurudzira mitero, nzvimbo dzakarongwa dzemaindasitiri, hurongwa hwakakosha hwekudyara, uye zvibvumirano zvekudzivirira kudyara mari nenyika dzakawanda.
Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvemamiriro ekunze ebhizinesi repasi rose, Turkey iri panhamba ye34 kubva muhupfumi hwenyika 190. muchikamu cheDoing Business, chinoratidza nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga mabhizinesi, kuwana marezenisi, kutengeserana uye kuita zvibvumirano, kunyangwe paine mukana wekuvandudza munzvimbo dzakadai sechokwadi chemutemo, pachena kwemitemo kana kumhanya kwekutonga.
Zvisinei, Corruption Perceptions Index inoratidza dambudziko guruNekunge paine mamakisi angangoita makumi matatu nemana pazana, pfungwa ndeyekuti kune huwandu hwakawanda hwehuori mubazi rehurumende, izvo zvinogadzira kusachengeteka kwevanoisa mari nevagari uye zvinoda kungwarira kwakanyanya munharaunda yebhizinesi.
Matunhu makuru anowana mari yekunze muTürkiye ndeemari, chikafu nezvinwiwa, indasitiri yetekinoroji, uye chikamu chebasa.Zvimwe zvinocherechedzwa kugadzirwa kwemakomputa, michina yemagetsi, yemagetsi neyemaziso, indasitiri yekugamuchira vaenzi, matekinoroji eruzivo, uye mumakore achangopfuura, migodhi nemusika wezvivakwa.
Makambani mazhinji ekuSpain neEurope akaisa mari muTürkiye, kuburikidza nemakambani emakambani pamwe nemakambani makuru.Kana tichitarisa nyaya yeSpain, makambani ari paIBEX nemusika uri kuramba uchienderera mberi ane zvido muzvivakwa, simba, kutakura, mabhangi, mainjiniya, uye machira. Masangano akaita seBBVA ane migove mikuru mumabhanga eTurkey, izvo zvave kureva kuti kusagadzikana kwenyika kune kukanganisa zvakananga mitengo yemasheya avo.
Nhamba huru yemusika wemasheya munyika ndeye XU100 kana BIST 100.Nhamba iyi inosanganisira makambani zana ane mari yakawanda pamusika uye huwandu hwekutengeserana paIstanbul Stock Exchange. Nhengo dzayo dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira mabhanga akaita seTurkiye Garanti Bankasi neTurkiye Halk Bankasi, mapoka emaindasitiri esimbi akaita seKardemir, makambani emagetsi akadai seIpek Dogal Enerji, makambani epetrochemical akadai sePetkim, vagadziri vepolyester vakaita seSASA, makambani emidziyo akaita seKoza Anadolu Metal, neTurkish Airlines (THYAO), pakati pemamwe.
Lira yeTurkey, inflation, uye njodzi dzemari
Maitiro eTurkey lira ave chimwe chezvinhu zviri kukonzera kushushikana kukuru. kune vanoisa mari, mabhizinesi, uye vagari. Kubva mugore ra2013, mari iyi yave ichidzikira zvakanyanya kana ichienzaniswa nedhora neeuro, uye nguva dzakanyanya kusagadzikana dzakatanga muna 2016.
Mushure menguva pfupi yekugadzikana pakati pa2014 nepakati pa2015Mari yeLira yakatangazve kudzikira kwayo zvakanyanya kubva muna Kubvumbi 2016. Kudzikira uku kwakawedzera muna 2018, pakati pekusava nechokwadi nezvekuzvitonga kwebhangi guru, kusawirirana pakati peUnited States, uye kudzikiswa kwezvikwereti zvenyika nemasangano akaita seMoody's neStandard & Poor's.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2018, lira yakarasikirwa neinenge 20% yemutengo wayo munguva pfupi.Gore iroro, mari yeTurkey lira yakarasikirwa nemutengo wayo neanopfuura 40% kana ichienzaniswa nedhora. Zvimwe zvezvikonzero zvakakonzera izvi kwaive kusimbiswa kwemitero yeUS pazvinhu zveTurkey zvakaita sesimbi nearuminiyamu, pamwe nekusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakakomberedza kusungwa kwemufundisi wekuAmerica Andrew Brunson.
Kuti vaedze kumisa kudonha kwemari, vakuru vakuru veTurkey vakashandisa matanho ekukurumidziraMatanho akadai sekudzikamisa mashandiro ekuchinjana mari nemabhangi emuno, nechinangwa chekudzikamisa mafungiro ekufungidzira pamusoro pe lira, akagadzirisa zvishoma mwero wekutsinhana mari, asi akakundikana kugadzirisa matambudziko aripo ekuvimbika uye kusawirirana kwehupfumi hwenyika.
Kusanganiswa kwe lira isina simba, kukwira kwemitengo, uye kusava nechokwadi nezvemutemo wezvemari Izvi zvakakonzera kubuda kwemari, kuwedzera kwemari yekunze, uye mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara kumakambani ane zvikwereti zvemari yekunze. Vaongorori vazhinji vanosimbirira kuti nyika inoda hurongwa hwakabatana hunobatanidza kurongeka kwemari, kusimbiswa kwemasangano, uye mutemo wechikwereti chemubereko unovimbika kuti ugadzirise mamiriro acho ezvinhu.
Huwandu hwevanhu: kukura, kukura kwemaguta uye shanduko munharaunda
Kuchinja kwevanhu muTürkiye mumakore makumi matanhatu apfuura kwave kunoshamisaHuwandu hwevanhu hwawedzera zvakapetwa katatu, kubva pavanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemasere muna 1960 kusvika pavanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni makumi masere nemashanu muna 2022. Kukwira uku kwakaitika neavhareji yekukura kwegore negore inosvika 1,84%, zvichikonzerwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevana vanozvarwa panguva dzakati, kudzikira kwehuwandu hwevanofa uye kuvandudzika kwehutano.
Turkey ichiri, zviri pamutemo, nyika iri kusimukiraAsi nemusika uri kubuda wakasimba uyo watoisa hupfumi hwayo pakati pehukuru pasi rose. Kunyangwe mumakore achangopfuura akaratidzwa nematambudziko ehupfumi nekusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika, huwandu hwevanhu hwakaramba huchikura ne3,5% pakati pa2018 na2021, zvichienderana nedata kubva kune mamwe masangano, zvichiratidza chimiro chevanhu chichiri chidiki kana tichienzanisa neWestern Europe.
Kupararira kwevanhu munyika hakuna kuenzana zvachose.Kuwanda kwevanhu kwakawanda munzvimbo dziri pedyo neIstanbul nemahombekombe eMarmara, uko maindasitiri, mabasa epamusoro, uye zvinhu zvinosangana. Mahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, ane maguta akaita seAntalya neIzmir, anoratidzawo kuwanda kwevanhu nekuda kwenzvimbo dzayo dzekushanya nedzebasa. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, pamuganhu weSyria, huwandu hwevanhu vanozvarwa pamwe nekuwanda kwevapoteri nevatorwa kwakaita kuti huwandu hwevanhu huwedzere kupfuura 5% mune mamwe matunhu.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushamisa chave chiri kubuda kwevanhu kumaruwa uye kupararira kwemaguta kwakawandaMuna 2021, vanhu vanosvika 6,8% chete ndivo vaigara kumaruwa, sekureva kweTurkish Statistical Institute. Izvi zvinoreva kuti 93% yevanhu vanogara mumaguta makuru ematunhu, matunhu emaguta, nenzvimbo dzemaguta—shanduko huru zvichienzaniswa neTurkey pakati pezana remakore rechi20.
Zvikonzero zvekuchinja uku zviri pachena: maguta anopa mikana yakawanda yedzidzo, hutano, uye mabasapamwe chete nekuwana nzvimbo dzekuzorora, zvivakwa, uye masevhisi emazuva ano. Mugumisiro wacho ndewekuti Turkey iri kuramba ichikura mumaguta, ine shanduko muvanhu vepakati nepakati uye musiyano mukuru pakati penzvimbo dzakapfuma nedzevashandi kana nzvimbo dzisina kurongeka.
Kutama kwemukati nekunze: nyika iri kufamba
Kutama kwevanhu vekunze kwenyika kwakachinja zvachose mepu yevanhu vekuTurkey.Matunhu akadai seÇankırı, Ordu, Sivas, Muğla neAntalya ane vanhu vakawanda vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo, vachikwezvwa nemabasa ari nani, hupenyu hwakanaka kana mitengo yedzimba inodhura kupfuura mumaguta makuru ekare.
Kusiyana neizvi, maguta akadai seIstanbul, Ankara, Adana, Gaziantep, uye Şanlıurfa ane mwero wekusafamba kwevanhu mukati menyika.Kunyangwe dziri nzvimbo huru dzekutsvaga mabasa, kukwira kwemitengo yedzimba, matambudziko ekuzara kwevanhu, kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kumanikidzwa kwemabasa everuzhinji zviri kukurudzira vagari vazhinji kutamira kumataundi kana mapurovhinzi ari pedyo nemitengo yakaderera yehupenyu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemaguta.
Padanho repasi rose, Türkiye ine nzvimbo huru munzira dzakasiyana dzekutama. ichibatanidza Asia, Middle East, neEurope. Nyika iyi ine vapoteri, vatorwa vasina mvumo, vanobatwa nekutengeswa kwemari, uye vatorwa mune zveupfumi vari kutsvaga mararamiro ari nani. Vazhinji vevanhu ava vanobva kuAfghanistan, Syria, Iraq, nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuAfrica.
Kubva pakatanga hondo muSyria, Türkiye yave nyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose inogamuchira vapoteri. Kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vapoteri vanosvika mamiriyoni mana vanogara munharaunda yayo, avo vanosvika mamiriyoni 1,75 vanogara mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, pedyo nemuganhu weSyria. Nzvimbo idzi dzakaona kuwedzera kwevanhu kuchidarika 5%, zvichiisa kumanikidzwa kukuru pamabasa eruzhinji, dzimba, uye musika wevashandi.
Pamusoro pevapoteri, kune vanhu vekune dzimwe nyika vanosvika mamiriyoni 1,3 vane pekugara zviri pamutemo. pasi pezvikamu zvakasiyana: mapemiti enguva pfupi, mavhiza evadzidzi, kana mapemiti ekugara emhuri. Mazhinji acho anowanikwa muIstanbul, Antalya, neAnkara, uye anobva kuCentral Asia, Middle East, Eastern Europe, nenyika dzakasiyana dzeAfrica, izvo zvinowedzera kusiyana kwemadzinza netsika kune Turkish mosaic.
Hunyanzvi hwevanhu, dzidzo nematambudziko enguva refu
Kuvandudzwa kwemari yevanhu chinhu chakakosha mune ramangwana rehupfumi hweTürkiyeChiyero cheHuman Capital Index (HCI) cheWorld Bank chinoyera huwandu hwemari inogona kuwanikwa nemwana anozvarwa munyika nhasi pazera remakore gumi nemasere, zvichitarisa njodzi dzehutano husina kunaka uye dzidzo isina kukwana.
Chiratidzo ichi chakagadzirirwa kutarisa kuti hutano nedzidzo zviri kufambira mberi sei pari zvino Izvi zvine mhedzisiro pakubudirira kwevashandi mune ramangwana. Panyaya yeTurkey, mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kufambira mberi kwakajeka zvichienzaniswa nemakore apfuura, asiwo kudiwa kwekuramba uchisimbisa mhando yedzidzo, kuenzana kwenzvimbo, uye mukana wekuwana masevhisi ehutano emhando yepamusoro munyika yese.
Türkiye yakawedzera zvakanyanya mukana wekuwana dzidzo yepamusoro nesekondariNekuwedzera kuri kuita mayunivhesiti ehurumende neepachivande pamwe nekuwedzera kwekudzidziswa mabasa, misiyano iripo pakati penzvimbo dzemumaguta nedzekumaruwa, pakati penzvimbo dzekumadokero nedzekumabvazuva, uye pakati pemapoka akasiyana evanhu, izvo zvinokanganisa kuenzana kwemikana.
Muchikamu chehutano, nyika yakawedzera nguva yekurarama uye yaderedza zvakanyanya kufa kwevacheche.Nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwezvirongwa zvekubaya majekiseni, kuwedzera kwekuchengetwa kwehutano, uye kuvakwa kwezvipatara nenzvimbo dzehutano, kufambira mberi kwakaitwa. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, matambudziko emari, kuve nechokwadi chekuti hutano hwakanaka hunogara huripo, uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi vekurapa kuchiripo, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri kure.
Tichitarisa mberi, rimwe rematambudziko makuru richava rekushandisa mukana wekuwana mibairo yevanhu yevanhu vachiri vechidiki, zvichishandura huwandu ihwohwo hwevechidiki kuita vashandi vakadzidziswa zvakanaka uye vanobudirira. Kuti izvi zviitike, mitemo yakafanana yekudyara mari mudzidzo, hunyanzvi hutsva, kuvandudza mashandiro edhijitari, uye kuvandudza masangano ichave yakakosha mukukwezva nekuchengetedza tarenda.
Saka Türkiye inosanganisa hupfumi hwepakati nepakati kusvika hukuru, huwandu hwevanhu hunoshanduka, uye nzvimbo ine hurongwa hwenzvimbo.Nekunge paine kusasimba kuri pachena maererano nekukwira kwemitengo, mari, kutsamira pasimba remagetsi, uye hunhu hwemasangano, zvakakosha kuti chero ani zvake ari kufunga nezvekudyara mari, kutengeserana, kana kungonzwisisa nyika zviri nani afunge nezvesimba rayo guru pamwe nenjodzi dzine chekuita negwara rayo rehupfumi nerezvematongerwo enyika, iro richaramba richiumba budiriro yayo mumakore anotevera.
