Zvakavanzika zvegungwa rakadzika zvinoramba zvichitishamisa nemhando dzakasiyana uye dzinoshamisa dzehupenyu. Pakati peaya mashura pane hozhwa yegungwa inoputika, inozivikanwa nesainzi se Chrysomallon squamiferum. Iyi mollusk diki mupukunyuki wechokwadi, akachinjirwa kune isingaite zvakanyanya uye inogara ichichinja nharaunda.
Sangana nesu parwendo rwekudzika mukati megungwa kuti uwane nhoroondo inonakidza uye kuchinjika kunoshamisa kwehozhwa inoputika, pfuma yakadzika yegungwa yakakodzera kuongororwa.
Chii chinonzi volcanic hozhwa?
The volcanic marine hozhwa kana Chrysomallon squamiferum Imhando ye gastropod iyo yakashanduka kuti irarame mumhepo yepasi pemvura hydrothermal vents., imwe yenzvimbo dzakashata zvikuru pasi pano. Kurongeka kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana kwemuviri uye kwebhayoloji kunoita kuti ive nyaya inofarirwa zvikuru nebhayoroji yemugungwa netsvakiridzo yesainzi.
Iyo mollusk ine chimiro chakasimba, na a yakaoma dema chitinous shell uye zvinoshamisa muviri mutema une ganda rine makwapa rine tsvuku tsvuku-orenji base. Uku kusiyanisa kwemavara kunopa kunaka kukuru uye chimiro chakasiyana. Ichi chimiro chemavara nderimwe reanokatyamadza magadzirirwo emhuka iyi uye nekuda kwayo kugona kubatanidza simbi dzinenge dzakawanda mumvura ine hydrothermal nekuda kwekuvapo kweMTP gene (Metal Tolerance Protein kana simbi inoshivirira protein) yakawanikwa muna 2020 uye ine predominance yakapetwa makumi maviri nenomwe kupfuura mune mamwe marudzi ehozhwa. Uyezve, zvidzidzo zvehupenyu munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, dzakadai sedzinoitwa mu gungwa rakadzika, inopa nzwisiso inokosha mukugadziridzwa uku kwehozhwa yegungwa rinoputika. Zvinonakidzawo kutaura kuti sei kuwedzera kwezvipenyu munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa.
Kuwanikwa kwehozhwa inoputika
Hozhwa yegomo rinoputika yakawanikwa kekutanga muna 2001 panguva yerwendo rwekutsvaga kumadokero kweIndia Ocean. Hozhwa iyi inoshamisa yakawanikwa pedyo nemapombi anopisa mvura, apo mvura inodziya, ine mamineral yakawanda inobuda kubva pasi pegungwa uye inoita kuti pave nemhoteredzo yakaipa yezvipenyu zvizhinji zvemugungwa. Kuwanikwa kwehozhwa iyi kunoburitsa kukosha kwekunzwisisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu.
Nzvimbo ine ruvengo uye yakaoma
Hydrothermal vents chiitiko che geological umo mvura yegungwa inopinda pasi pePasi, inopisa uye inotakurwa nemaminerari isati yabudazve munyanza. Are Mvura inopisa, kazhinji iri pamusoro pe350 madhigirii celsius, inogadzira nzvimbo yakanyanyisa, ine asidhi zvakanyanya, iyo ingaite seisingagarike kune zvisikwa zvakawanda zvemugungwa.. Zvakadaro, hozhwa yekuputika kwemakomo yakashanduka kuti irarame uye ibudirire mumamiriro ezvinhu akanyanya aya.
Magadzirirwo anoshamisa ehozhwa yevolcanic
Chii chinoita kuti hozhwa iyi ishamise kurongeka kwayo kwakasiyana nenzvimbo yayo. Chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechekuti goko rayo, iro rakafukidzwa nemahwendefa echitinous. Mahwendefa aya kupa dziviriro kurwisana nekuora kunokonzerwa nemvura ine acid yakawanda kubva kune hydrothermal vents. Mahwendefa anopawo hozhwa inoputika ne chitarisiko chisina kujeka uye chesimbi, izvo zvakaita kuti zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "iron scaly snail."
Pamusoro pegoko rayo rakaomarara, hozhwa iyi ine mamwe magadzirirwo anocherechedzwa. Tsoka yake, chikamu chemuviri chinokubvumira kufamba, Yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya uye inoibatsira kunamatira kune matombo pedyo ne hydrothermal vents. Uyewo ane Yakanyanya kushanda magill ayo anobvumidza iwe kutora mukana wakazara weiyo yakasarudzika chemistry yematsime anopisa. Uku kuchinjika kwakafanana neiyo kugadziridzwa kwehozhwa inoputika munzvimbo yayo yekuona inocherechedzwa mune mamwe marudzi emugungwa.
Kudya kunoshamisa
Hozhwa inoputika Ndicho chemosynthetic organism, zvichireva kuti inowana simba rayo kubva mumisanganiswa yemakemikari panzvimbo pechiedza chezuva. Pedyo nehydrothermal vents, chemosynthetic mabhakitiriya anoumba makoroni uye oxidize zvicherwa zvakaita sehydrogen sulfide, zvichigadzira sosi yesimba. Hozhwa inoputika inodya mabhakitiriya aya, ichiagadzika munguo yawo uye inoashandisa kuwana kudya kwayo. Uku kuchinjika kwakasarudzika kunobvumira kuti irarame munzvimbo umo photosynthesis isingagoneke nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezuva.
Hupenyu husinganzwisisike
Pasinei nokufambira mberi mukutsvakurudza kwesayenzi, pachine zvakawanda zvokudzidza nezvehozhwa inoputika. Upenyu hwavo nemafambiro avo munzvimbo yavanosikira yokugara zvinoramba zviri chakavanzika munzira dzakawanda. Hozhwa idzi dzinofungidzirwa kuti imhuka dzinogara dziri dzoga dzinogara pedyo nemhepo dzinopisa mvura, kwadzinodya nekuberekana.
Kuberekana kwehozhwa inoputika chimwe chinhu chinonakidza muupenyu hwayo. Pasinei nekushaikwa kwechiedza chezuva mumvura yakadzika yegungwa, Hozhwa idzi dzinoita sedziine hurongwa hwekuberekana hwakarongeka. Iwo chaiwo ruzivo rwekubereka kwavo haasati anyatsonzwisiswa uye anoramba ari nyaya yekushingaira kudzidza nemasayendisiti. Mukuwedzera, tsvakurudzo pamusoro pe kugadziriswa kwehozhwa yevolcanic inogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pezvipenyu zvemamwe marudzi ezvipenyu.
Kukosha kwekutsvaga kwesainzi
Kuongorora kwehozhwa yekuputika kwemakomo nezvimwe zvisikwa zvemamhepo anopisa mvura kwakakosha zvikuru patsvakiridzo yesainzi. Aya mafomu ehupenyu hwekunyanyisa anogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve biology uye shanduko munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa, uye zvakare Vanogona kujekesa mamiriro ekutanga ePasi uye mukana wehupenyu kune mamwe mapuraneti.
Pamusoro pezvo, kugadziridzwa kwakasiyana kwehozhwa iyi kunogona kuve nekushandisa mune zvesainzi uye tekinoroji. Kuramba kwegoko rayo pakuora kunogona kukurudzira zvinhu zvitsva zvisingaite nharaunda dzinoita ngura, zvakadai seindasitiri yemakemikari kana kuongorora nzvimbo. Iko kutsvaga matekinoroji matsva kune hukamawo ne zvakawanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
Kuchengetedza uye kutyisidzira
Kunyangwe hozhwa yevolcano yakaratidza kuve yakajairana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ayo akanyanya, tinoziva kuti yakatarisana nenjodzi dzinogona kuitika. Kuita kwevanhu, se Migodhi yezvicherwa inowanikwa pedyo ne hydrothermal vents inogona kukanganisa nzvimbo yavo yekugara.. Mukuwedzera, iyo kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze and the ocean acidification Nekuda kwekusvibiswa, vanogona kushandura mamiriro ayo hozhwa yakashanduka kwenguva yakareba.
Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti tsvakiridzo nekuchenjerera nekuchengetedza zviitwe kuchengetedza hozhwa iyi nenzvimbo yayo yakasiyana. Sezvo isu tichiongorora uye nekunzwisisa zvirinani kudzika kwegungwa, isu tinotorawo basa rekuchengetedza izvi zvakakosha ecosystem uye vagari vazvo vanoshamisa.
Hozhwa yevolcanic: muenzaniso wekuenderana nemamiriro akanyanya
Hozhwa yevolcanic, Chrysomallon squamiferum, muenzaniso wekuchinjika kunoshamisa kune nharaunda dzakanyanyisa. Kugadziriswa kwayo kwakasiyana kunoibvumira kurarama uye kubudirira munzvimbo ine hutsinye uye inogara ichichinja. Sezvo tsvakiridzo yesainzi ichienderera mberi nekuburitsa zvakavanzika zvayo, tinogona kudzidza zvidzidzo zvakakosha nezvehupenyu hwePasi uye mukana wehupenyu kune imwe nzvimbo mune zvakasikwa.
Kuchengetedza idzi nharaunda dzisina kusimba uye zvisikwa zvinogara mairi kwakakosha kuti tive nechokwadi cheramangwana rakagadzikana repasi redu uye kuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga kwesainzi. Hozhwa yekuputika kwemakomo chiyeuchidzo chinoshamisa chekusiyana kwehupenyu hwePasi uye kugona kwayo kujairana nematambudziko akanyanya.
Hozhwa inoputika, pfuma yegungwa rakadzika, Ndiwo mumwe wemienzaniso yakanakisa yatinogona kudzidza kuti tinzwisise maitiro ekugadzirisa ayo zvipenyu inogona kukura kuchengetedza kuvapo kwayo. Chiitiko chinotibvumira kunzwisisa mabhesi panobva kushanduka kwezvipenyu: chimwe chinhu icho Darwin akatotsanangura zvakanaka kwazvo mubasa rake rine mukurumbira. "Kwakabva mhuka".
