Ruva rehermaphroditic chinhu chakakosha mumhando dzakawanda dzezvirimwa. uye yanga iri nyaya yekudzidza ne botanists, biologist uye ecologists kwemazana emakore. Maruva aya ndiwo akakosha kuchinjika ayo akabvumira marudzi mazhinji emiti kuti ararame uye abudirire munzvimbo dzakasiyana, kusanganisira idzo uko kuwanikwa kwepollen partners kunogumira. Chimiro ichi chinovagonesawo kuchengetedza simba nezviwanikwa zvaizoshandiswa pakugadzira mukume uye kutsvaga mukume.
Munyaya ino tichaongorora maitiro eruva rehermaphrodite, morphology yaro, basa rayo mukubereka kwezvirimwa uye kuti kuchinjika uku kwakabvumira sei marudzi mazhinji kurarama uye kubudirira mumazana emakore. Pamusoro pezvo, tichataurawo nezvemimwe mienzaniso yezvipenyu zvine hunhu uhu. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve rudzi urwu rwemiti, ndinokurudzira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Chii chinonzi hermaphrodite ruva?
Ruva rehermaphrodite iruva rine mitezo miviri yekubereka, murume nemukadzi, mumunhu mumwe chete. Mune mamwe mazwi: ruva re hermaphrodite rinokwanisa kuzvimirira uye kubereka mbeu pasina kudiwa kwekumeserwa nemamwe maruva.
Iyi gadziriso inovabvumira kuve nechokwadi kugadzirwa kwembeu uye kurarama kwemarudzi kunyangwe pasina vamwe vanhu vari pedyo kuti vasiyane navo. Inogona zvakare kuve nzira yekuchengetedza simba uye zviwanikwa, sezvo isingade kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwehukume kana kutsvaga mukume shamwari.
Muzvisikwa, zvirimwa zvakawanda hermaphrodites kusanganisira mamwe marudzi emiti, shrubs, herbs uye cacti. Kunewo mhando dzakawanda dzemiti inorimwa dzinoti hermaphrodites, dzakadai sesquash, manwiwa, nedzimwe mhando dzematomatisi. Kunyangwe zvisinganyanyi kunyanyozivikanwa, mamwe marudzi emaorchids nemaruva anogona zvakare kuve hermaphrodites. Gare gare tichazotaura nezvemimwe mienzaniso.
Hunhu hweruva rehermaphrodite
Hunhu hweruva rehermaphrodite siyana zvichienderana nerudzi asi kazhinji, zvinotevera ndizvo zvinonyanya kuwanda:
- Mitezo miviri yekubereka: Ruva rehermaphrodite rine zvose stamens (nhengo dzechirume) uye pistils (nhengo dzechikadzi) mumunhu mumwe chete. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti uzviise fetiraiza.
- Kugona kuzviitisa: Imwe yemhando huru yeruva rehermaphrodite kugona kwayo kuzvisimudzira uye kugadzira mhodzi pasina kudiwa kwekumeserwa nemamwe maruva.
- Simba nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa: Nekusada kugadzirwa kwemwero wemukume kana kutsvaga mashamwari ekume, ruva rehermaphrodite rinochengetedza simba uye zviwanikwa.
- Variable morphology: Iyo morphology yeruva rehermaphrodite inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi. Zvisinei, kazhinji anotaridzika zvakafanana nemamwe maruva emhando imwe chete.
- Kugadzirisa kune dzakaipa mamiriro: Mazhinji hermaphroditic plant marudzi akajairana nemamiriro ezvinhu akashata, sekushaikwa kwemapollen partners kana kushomeka kwezviwanikwa. Nokudaro vanovimbisa kugadzirwa kwembeu uye kurarama kwemarudzi.
Izvo zvakakosha kuisa pfungwa pairi kuvapo kweruva rehermaphrodite hakuvimbisi kuzviitisa, sezvo mamwe marudzi angada kukurudzirwa kwekunze kuti abudise mukume. Uyezve, kuvapo kwenhengo dzechirume nedzechikadzi muruva rimwe chete hazvireve kuti chirimwa chose ihermaphrodite. Mhando dzakawanda dzine vanhu vane maruva echirume neechikadzi pamiti yakasiyana.
Hermaphrodite Ruva: Mienzaniso
Iko hakuna nhamba chaiyo yemhando yemaruva ehermaphroditic, sezvo iyi inharaunda yakakura yebhayoloji iyo inosanganisira akawanda akasiyana siyana emiti. Inofungidzirwa kuti kune zviuru zvehermaphrodite miti yemhando, kusanganisira miti, makwenzi, uswa, uye cacti. Kuvepo kwemaruva ehermaphroditic chinhu chakakosha kuchinjika mumarudzi mazhinji ezvirimwa, sezvo zvichivabvumidza kuve nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwembeu uye kupona kwemarudzi kunyangwe pasina vamwe vanhu vari pedyo kwavanogona kusanganisa.
Izvo zvakakosha kuisa pfungwa pairi hadzisi marudzi ese emiti ari hermaphrodites, uye kuti marudzi mazhinji ane maruva echirume neechikadzi pavanhu vakasiyana. Asi ngatiendei zvino kune izvo zvinotifadza chaizvo: Mienzaniso yakakurumbira yemaruva ehermaphrodite.
chirimwa chematomatisi
Madomasi chirimwa chine hermaphrodite chinoburitsa maruva madiki ane stameni nemapistils pamunhu mumwe chete. Maruva aya akakosha pakugadzira michero yemadomasi, sezvo vari ivo vanoona nezvekuiswa kwefetiraiza nekugadzirwa kwembeu. Vane ruvara rwakacheneruka rwegirini uye tubular chimiro. Mastameni ari pakati peruva uye ane anthers ane pollen. Kune rumwe rutivi, pistils iri pamusoro peruva uye ine chiseko chinounganidza pollen kubva kune stamens.
Zveruva redomasi kuti ibereke, mukume unofanirwa kubviswa kubva pa stamen kuenda kune chiseko. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa netumbuyu kana nemhepo, kana nekukume nemaoko nevarimi. Mushure mekumesa, ruva rematomatisi rinokura kuita muchero wedomasi uye rinotanga kukura kusvika pakukura. Kuvapo kwemaruva ane hermaphroditic kwakakosha pakugadzira matomatisi, uye varimi vanoshanda kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti pazvirimwa zvavo pane maruva akakwana.
chirimwa chenhanga
Mumwe muriwo unozivikanwa mumagadheni inhanga, uyewo nemaruva ehermaphroditic. Izvi zvinowanzokura uye zvinoshamisira zvine stamen uye pistils mumunhu mumwe chete. Vane ruvara rweyero yakajeka uye chimiro chakaita sebhero. Mastameni ari pakati peruva uye ane anthers ane pollen. Pane kudaro, mapistils ari pamusoro peruva uye ane chiseko chinounganidza mukume kubva mu stamens.
Sezvakaita tomato, mukume unofanirwa kubviswa kubva pa stamen kuenda kune chiseko kuitira kuti ruva re squash ribereke. Kuti izvi zviitike, mukume unofanirwa kuitwa nemhepo, tumbuyu kana nemaoko nevarimi. Mushure mekuita uku, squash inotumbuka inova muchero uye inotanga kukura kusvika pakukura kwayo.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive izvozvo mamwe marudzi emanhanga haawirirane, zvinoreva kuti dzinoda kucheneswa nemaruva emhando dzakasiyana kuti dzibereke michero. Nechikonzero ichi, varimi vanowanzorima mhando dzakasiyana dzemanhanga pachigamba chimwe chete kuti vave nechokwadi chekugadzirwa kwemichero yakakwana.
ruva
Mahapa chirimwa chakakurumbira chebindu nekuda kwerunako uye hwema. Uyezve, dzinoshandiswa kugadzira zvakasiyana siyana zvezvigadzirwa. Maruva ayo, uyewo hermaphrodites, makuru uye anoshamisira. Vane chimiro chinoyevedza, chakaita sebhero, chine mapeturu emavara akasiyana kubva kuchena kusvika kutsvuku kwakasviba. Mastameni ari pakati peruva uye ane anthers ane pollen. Iyo pistils iri pamusoro peruva uye ine chiseko chinounganidza pollen kubva kune stamens.
Kukume kunoitwa nezvipembenene zvakadai senyuchi nemashavishavi, izvo zvinodya muto wemaruva uye zvinotakura mukume kubva pane rimwe ruva kuenda kune rimwe. Iyi nzira yakakosha pakugadzirwa kwembeu uye pakukura kwemaruva matsva.
Iwo zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvinogona kurimwa mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana nevhu. Kune marudzi mazhinji akasiyana emaruva, imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo uye mavara emaruva. Mukuwedzera, maruva emaruva anogona kushandiswa pakushongedza, mukugadzirwa kwemaruva, uye mukugadzira zvinonhuwira uye zvigadzirwa zvekuzora.
A orchid
Pakupedzisira tinofanira kusimbisa iyo orchids. Iri iboka rakasiyana-siyana remiti ye hermaphroditic inobereka variegated uye showy maruva. ane stameni uye pistils mumunhu mumwe chete. Miriwo iyi chirimwa chebindu chine mukurumbira uye chinoshandiswa kugadzira zvakasiyana siyana. Vane hermaphroditic maruva anogona kuva ega kana akaiswa mumapoka. Aya maruva ane chimiro chakaoma chinosanganisira zvose stamens uye pistils.
Orchid stamens akareba uye ari pakati peruva, nepo pistils ipfupi uye iri pamusoro peruva. Kukumeswa kwezvirimwa izvi kunoitwa nezvipembenene. Vanodya muto uye vanotakura mukume kubva pane rimwe ruva kuenda kune rimwe.
Maoriki anowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa pasi rose, uye kune marudzi anopfuura 20,000 XNUMX akasiyana nemhando. Imwe neimwe mhando ye orchid ine maruva akasiyana ane chaiwo maumbirwo uye mavara, kubva kuchena yakachena kusvika kune yakatsvuka, ichipfuura nemhando dzakasiyana dzeyero, pink uye yepepuru.
Pamusoro perunako rwake. orchids akakosha kune cosmetics uye perfumery indasitiri, sezvo maruva ayo achishandiswa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakaita semafuta ekuzora, mapefiyumu nemakirimu. Iwo anozivikanwawo semaplants emumba uye anorimwa pasi rose nekuda kwerunako uye hwema.
Muchidimbu, hermaphroditic maruva akakosha pakurarama kwemhando dzezvirimwa zvine hunhu uhu uye anogona kuve mukana mumamiriro ezvinhu akashata, semamiriro ekunze akaoma kana nharaunda ine mapollinator mashoma. Mukuwedzera, ivo vanobatsira zvikuru kuvarimi.