Iri pakati penhongonya apo mhepo yakatetepa uye mavara enzvimbo yakakwirira anoita seakapendwa nemaoko, Laguna del Negro Francisco inozviratidza seyakakwirira-yakakwirira oasis mumoyo weNevado de Tres Cruces National Park. Munzvimbo iyi iri kure, kunyarara kunonzwika uye mhepo inotaura mutinhimira wezuva, ukuwo maflamingo, vicuña, uye madhadha anorinda pamusoro pemvura. Vaya vanoenda kure vanowana imwe nzvimbo yakasarudzika, zvakaumbwa nechando, mwaranzi ine simba uye kushomeka kwemvura.
Hunhu hwayo hwekupedzisira uye kupatsanurwa kwechisikigo kuita zvikamu zvine munyu wakasiyana zvinopa hunhu hwakasiyana, zvese zvesainzi uye nekunaka. Nzira yekuenda kudhamu haisi rwendo chete: chikamu chechiitiko, ine nzira dzinoyambuka mafuro, nzira dzemvura, uye nzvimbo dzekare dzemigodhi. Zviri nani kuuya pasina kumhanya, neruremekedzo kumhuka dzesango uye nemoyo murefu.Nokuti kureba kuri kunyengera uye migwagwa inoda kudzikama.
Nzvimbo, urefu uye mamiriro ekunze
Laguna del Negro Francisco iri mudunhu reAtacama, ingangoita palatitude imwe chete neCopiapó uye padyo nemuganho wepasi rose, mukati meNevado de Tres Cruces National Park. Marongerwo ayo anofungidzirwa ari 27°27′49″S y 69°13′12″O, nzvimbo yenzvimbo inoimisa pakati pebani rakakwirira. Kukwirira kunosiyana-siyana mumatsime uye nemamiriro ekunze, ichifamba-famba 4.110–4.136 m pamusoro pegungwa, ine mareferensi anogara achitaurwa ari pedyo ne4.125–4.132 m.
Ibheseni rakavharwa, risina mvura kugungwa, rinoita segirazi remvura ine saline inodyiswa kunyanya nerwizi rweAstaburuaga, kuwedzera kune mamwe mipiro yemwaka yakadai seLamas kana makosi emunharaunda. Dhamu racho rinosvika 7,5 km kureba uye 2,5 km rakafara paavhareji., kunyangwe zvimiro nekudzika kwayo zvichichinja zvichienderana nekunaya kwemvura uye kunyungudika kwechando kweAndean.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvayo zvakasiyana-siyana ndiko kuvapo kwechitsuwa cherefu, chinomhanya kumabvazuva-kumadokero, icho dzimwe nguva chinoparadzanisa zvachose miviri miviri yemvura. Nekudaro, chikamu chekuchamhembe chine brackish (yakayerwa kutenderedza 10,5 km²), nepo chikamu chekumaodzanyemba chine munyu zvakanyanya (kutenderera 14,3 km² uye zvishoma kumusoro). Uku kusiyanisa mumunyu kunotsanangura kugoverwa kweshiri uye ruvara rwemahombekombe..
Mamiriro ekunze akaoma uye haana kuenzana: maavhareji epagore anosvika mazana maviri emamirimita ekunaya akarekodhwa achipokana nekubuda kwemvura kunodarika 1.000 mm, neavhareji tembiricha yakatenderedza -1 °C. Iyi chiyero chemvura inotsanangura machuru emunyu uye mamineralized emvurapamwe chete nenzvimbo inotonga zuva nemhepo.
Maitiro ekusvika ikoko: nzira, mharadzano uye chaiyo-nguva yekufamba nguva
Kune nzira mbiri dzechinyakare dzekupinda kubva kuCopiapó. Kutevera iyo Puquios - Laguna Santa Rosa nzira, chinhambwe chinenge 228,7? km Mamiriro emigwagwa anogona kubva pakugamuchirwa kuenda kune zvakanaka zvichienderana nenguva yegore. Imwe, ipfupi nzira ndeye Quebrada Carrizalillo - Castaño - Guardia - Mina Maricunga, ane 195,8? km Uye, kazhinji, nzvimbo yakasimba (ine munyu) inodiwa. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinoda motokari iri muchimiro chakanaka, matai akakodzera, uye nguva yakakwana.
Nzira dzakawanda dzinobatanidza zvikamu zveC-601, C-347, uye C-353. Pakati peMaricunga Salt Flat nedhamu, iyo C-601 inogona kunzwa senge nzira yetsvina kupfuura mugwagwa. Pane yakapinza, yakanongedza forogo mumugwagwa, ramba uchienda kumaodzanyemba kuti ubatanidze ne nzira C-347, ine marongerwo ari nani. Munharaunda yedhamu, imwe nzvimbo yedhaimani inobuda: kurudyi, nzvimbo yekupotera yeCONAF inosvika; kuruboshwe, inopfuurira yakananga kunzvimbo dzemigodhi yeMaricunga.
Avhareji yekumhanya yakadzikira nekuda kwewashboard nematombo ane matombo: zvakajairika kufamba famba. 30 km / h kwenguva refu. Kubva kuMaricunga Salt Flat kusvika kugungwa, zvishoma pamusoro pe80 km zvakanyorwa mumaawa anopfuura 3 chete, chiratidzo chakanaka che "nguva yakakwirira yeplateau." Kudzokera kwakananga kuCopiapó kuburikidza neC-353, ichipfuura nenzvimbo yemugodhi, inogona kutora nzvimbo 198 km uye anenge maawa mashanu, ine nzvimbo yakakwirira yenzira inopfuura 4.600 m.
Parwendo irworwo rwekudzoka kuburikidza nenzvimbo yemaindasitiri, hazvishamise kuti kambani inoda kuperekedzwa kuyambuka chikamu cheveruzhinji nenjodzi dzinongoitika nekuda kwekuenderera mberi kana kumiswa basa rekuvaka. Itsika yekuti convoy iperekedze uye isunungure mufambi kana ava kunze kwezvivakwa. Mumwaka wokusanaya, guruva nemwaranzi yeultraviolet zvakanyanyisa.Uye munguva yechando, chando kana sinou zvinogona kuonekwa panzvimbo yakakwirira.
CONAF pekugara uye yakakwirira-yakakwirira Logistics
Maodzanyemba kwedhamu ndiyo nzvimbo yekupotera yeCONAF. Chivako ichi, chine madziro akasimba uye kunaka kwematombo, chave chinhu chakakosha chekugara uye kubatana kwemakore. Kuwanikwa kwehusiku uye masevhisi anogona kusiyanaPane dzimwe nguva pazvisina kuvhurwa zviri pamutemo nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemvura yekunwa kana zvimbuzi, kunyangwe munhoroondo yagara ichitsanangurwa seine zvinhu zvakanaka. Usati wasimuka, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utarise kuhofisi yeCONAF muCopiapó.
Avo vari kuronga kugara husiku hwese vanofanira kuziva kuti urefu hwacho hunosvika 4.200 metres uye husiku hunotonhora zvakanyanya, nechando chinogoneka kunyangwe kunze kwechando. Bhegi rokurara mugomo, zvipfeko zvinopisa, chitofu, uye mafuta ehuni zvinokosha. Imba yekubikira inogona kukubatsira iwe kuwana pekugara kubva kumhepo Kana zvivako zvakasununguka uye kushandiswa kwavo kunobvumirwa; kunyangwe zvakadaro, gadzirira kushanda mune yakazvimirira modhi.
Mukati mepaka, mune nzvimbo dzinoganhurirwa kumotokari nevanofamba netsoka kudzivirira nzvimbo dzekugara. Nokudaro, kusvika pedyo nemhenderekedzo yegungwa kazhinji kunogumira uye kunoratidzwa zvakajeka. Kuremekedza zvikwangwani uye mirairo yepaki ranger kwakakosha kuitira kuti usavhiringidze kutenderera kwekubereka kweshiri dzeAndean dzakakwirira.
Tichifunga nezvekure kwenzvimbo, hapana nzvimbo dzakawanda dziri pedyo dzepekugara kunze kwekupotera nenzvimbo dzakatarwa dzemisasa (kana zvabvumidzwa). Naizvozvo, vafambi vazhinji vanosarudza kushanya mukati mezuva uye kuronga kudzoka kwavo masikati machena. Kana ukasarudza kugara kusvikira manheru, denga rakajeka rinopa maonero asingaenzaniswi ematenga.Asi inoverengera tembiricha nemafuta zvakanaka kwazvo.
Fauna, maruva uye kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza
Lagoon chikamu che High Andean Wetlands System Inodzivirirwa sesaiti yeRAMSAR nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kushiri dzemvura. MaAndean flamingo (Phoenicoparrus andinus), maflamingo ekuChile (Phoenicopterus chilensis), uye maflamingo aJames (Phoenicoparrus jamesi) anogara nekudyisa muno. Kuwanda kwemainvertebrates uye microscopic algae, pamwe chete nesalinity gradient, inotsanangura kuvapo kwemakoloni aya.
Mukuwedzera kune flamingos, coots, madhadha uye caitites zvakajairika, pamwe chete ne culpeo foxes, vicuñas uye, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemakomo, condors gliding pakati pe thermals. Kusiyana-siyana kwemhuka kunosiyana nekuoma kuri pachena kwenzvimbonokuti seri kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa kune mafuro nemanyoro zvinotsigira upenyu panzvimbo yakakwirira.
Inenge makiromita matatu kubva kune iyo La Gallina wetland, nzvimbo yakasvibira, yakasvibira apo mvura yepamusoro inogadzira nzvimbo dzekugara dzakatetepa. Kufamba kubva munzira dzakagadzirwa kunosunga ivhu uye kunokonzera kukurwa. Kurudziro yacho yakajeka: usapinde mumatoro kana pasina nzira yakatarwa.kudzivirira kukuvara kusingadzoreki.
Huwandu hwemvura hwehurongwa uhu hwave negakava, kunyanya nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwekutora kubva muzvirongwa zvemigodhi munzvimbo yeMaricunga. Zvakataurwa kuti kudiwa kwemvura yepasi kunogona kukanganisa matsime akabatana nedhamu nematoro ari pedyo. Kumiswa kana kuchinja mumabasa ebasa kunogona kufarira kuporaNekudaro, mhinduro ye ecosystem inononoka uye zvinoenderana nezvakawanda zvemamiriro ekunze.
Zviedza zvekunyura kwezuva nedenga reusiku
Sezvo zuva rinonyura uye mhepo inonyura, pamusoro pemvura inova girazi rakakwana. Zvikomo zvakavakidzana zvinobatidza goridhe nemaorenji, uye gomo reCopiapó rinoonekwa munzvimbo yepanorama sebhekoni yemaminerari. Inguva yekusiya kamera ichiripo uye kungoona chete. kuti nzvimbo yakakwirira inononoka sei.
Nekunenge kusina kusvibiswa kwechiedza, denga rekudenga rinoputika seplanetarium yakasikwa. The Milky Way, mapoka enyeredzi okumaodzanyemba, uye nzira dzemasatiraiti uye meteor zvinooneka nokujeka kunoshamisa. Kutora mifananidzo kwehusiku kunowana yekutanga-kirasi marongero panokunze kwekunge matanho ekudzivirira anotorwa pakutonhora nemhepo husiku.
Mangwanani, mamiriro ekunze anochinja: shiri dzinodya mumvura isina kudzika, mhute inopenya pamusoro pemafuro, uye mavara anotonhorera. Iyo shoreline strip inzvimbo inonzwisisikaNaizvozvo, nzvimbo zhinji hadzibvumiri kupinda zvakananga mukati medzimwe nguva dzegore. Binoculars uye telephoto lenses zvinogamuchirwa pakunakirwa nemamiriro ekunze pasina kukanganisa vamwe.
Mazano ekuchengetedza, kureba uye maitiro akanaka
Kukwirira kunoonekwa kubva pakiromita yekutanga. Kana iwe usina kujairana kana kuti uchifamba nevana, vanhu vane high blood pressure, kana matambudziko emwoyo, zviri nani kuti uzvidzivirire kana, kana zvishoma, ronga zvakanyatsonaka. Altitude disease (puna) inowanzoitika pasina kukwana kwakakwana zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuzorora.
- Rega kuunza vana vari pasi pemakore gumi uye vanhu vane cardiovascular pathologies vasina kuongororwa kwekurapa.
- Zorora zvakanaka usiku hwakatangira uye gadzirisa kushanda kwako; kana ukabatwa nemusoro, kusvotwa kana dzungu, rega basa racho.
- Usadyisa mhuka dzesangoUsabvisa flora uye kuremekedza nzvimbo dzakavharwa kune traffic.
- Hapana mhuka dzinovaraidza dzinobvumirwaVanogona kutapurira zvirwere uye kuchinja maitiro emhuka dzomusango.
- Tarisa mafambiro mune zviri pamutemo zvinyorwa (Chilean Meteorological Directorate) vasati vaenda.
- Basic timuMepu/GPS/kambasi, kit yerubatsiro rwekutanga, mbatya dzinodziya dzehunyanzvi, dziviriro yezuva, mvura uye chikafu chakareruka.
- Gara chete pamakwara akanyorwa uye tevera mirairo yevashandi vepaka.
- Mhan'ara nzira yako mukutonga kwenzvimbo usati wapinda kana kutarisana nekusimudzirwa.
- Sarudza mafambiro anoenderana nezvido zvako kusimba kwemuviri uye ruzivo; kana uchinzwa kusagadzikana, mira.
- Kana mamiriro ekunze akaipa amukaBvunza nevachengeti vepaki uye buda kana zvichidikanwa, uchitevera mirairo yavo.
- Bata CONAF Atacama uye Carabineros (San Francisco Customs) kuzivisa misi uye inofungidzirwa kudzoka.
- Mafuta ekuwedzeraHapana zviteshi munzvimbo; kusiya nenguva yakawanda.
Reference nzira uye kureba
Aya maitiro anoshandiswa kuronga mafuta uye nguva, nguva dzose zvichienderana nemigwagwa uye mamiriro ekunze. Logistics inotonga nzvimbo dzakakwirirasaka inowedzera mukana kune chero kuverenga.
| Kwakabva/Kuenda | Approx. km |
|---|---|
| Copiapó (kuburikidza neCarrizalillo) | 195 |
| Copiapó (via Santa Rosa) | 229 |
| Yellow Earth (benzene) | 180 |
| Santa Rosa Lagoon | 82 |
| Mapurisa epasi rose / Maricunga | 98 |
| Flints | 159 |
| E Savhadho | 253 |
| Diego de Almagro | 282 |
Hydrology, manhamba akakosha uye nhoroondo zvinyorwa
Bheseni rekubata rakatenderedza 933 km²Dhamu rine nzvimbo inosvika 24,8 km² (data kubva muna Chivabvu 1995), yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba zvakaparadzaniswa nechitsuwa. Chikamu chekumaodzanyemba chinowanzowanikwa masendimita mashoma kupfuura chikamu chekuchamhembe, zvichiratidza kusiyana kwemunyu uye kuenzanisa kwemvura.
Mupiro mukuru unobva ku Astaburuaga Riveriyo, panguva yemafashamo akasarudzika, inogona kufashukira ichipinda muMaricunga Salt Flat. Mumakore ane chando chakawanda chanyunguduka, mvura inonyunguduka inozadza mwero wemvura; munguva yakaoma, kubuda kwemhepo kunotonga, kuchisiya munyu pamahombekombe. Aya mamiriro ekunze akaoma anotsanangura kuti sei, kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzekuchamhembe, munyu haupete pamwero mukuru pano nekuda kwemvura yakakwana.
Zvinyorwa zvekare zvakatsanangura dhamu racho seisina kudzika uye rine crusts yemunyu wesodium yakaita kuti mvura yaro isanwe, iri kumaodzanyemba kwechikomo cheAzufre uye ine chikumbaridzo chinofungidzirwa kuti chinosvika 4.275 m kuitira kuti pave nemvura yemusikirwo. Mishumo iyi inoratidza kushaikwa kwezvidzidzo zvine kuyerera kwakakwana kuunza mvura yakachena pakati pedhamu, kunze kwemwaka chaiwo.
Mafambiro nemafambisirwo azvinoitwa
Nzira yakajairika yekusvika pakushanya ndeyekubatanidza Maricunga Salt Flat nedhamu uye, kana mamiriro ekunze akanaka, pedza husiku munzvimbo yekupotera kuti unakirwe nekunyura kwezuva nekubuda kwezuva. Rwendo kubva kuMaricunga runogona kutora anopfuura maawa matatu kweanopfuura makiromita 80, saka kubva mangwanani kwakakosha.
Zuva rinotevera ipfungwa yakanaka kutarisa paLa Gallina wetland uye, zvinyoro-nyoro, wotanga kudzokera kuCopiapó nenzira inodzika pedyo nenzvimbo dzemigodhi, uko, sezvatotaurwa, kuperekedzwa kungave kuri madikanwa. Pakudzoka, nzvimbo yacho haina kunaka sepamwoyo wepaki.Asi inopa materu ane mavara mazhinji, makoko ane maonero uye, nerombo rakanaka, kondori mukubhururuka.
Avo vanokoshesa kutora mafoto vachawana chiedza chiri nani mambakwedza nemanheru, uye avo vanofarira kuona shiri vanofanira kuuya nemabhainokura nemalenzi efoni. Kuvhuvhuta kwemhepo kunogona kupera kana ava manheru., zvichisiya girazi rakakwana rekuratidzira kusina mhosva kwepamusoro-soro nemakore.
Nguva yekuenda uye chii chekuunza
Muchirimo nematsutso zvinowanzoenderana maererano netembiricha, mhepo, uye kuwana, kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze chaiwo anoraira mazwi gore rega rega. Nguva yechando inounza kutonhora kwakanyanya, nepo mukureba kwechirimo, zuva nemwaranzi zvinoda kuchengetedzwa kwakanyanya. Hat, magirazi ezuva epamusoro-soro, sunscreen, uye zvipfeko zvakaiswa Iwo akakosha mumwaka chero upi zvake.
Motokari iri muchimiro chakanaka ine sipi vhiri (zvichida maviri), compressor, foshoro, kwete-kutsvedza ndiro uye mafuta anogona kupa runyararo rwepfungwa. Mvura yakawanda, masvutugadzike ane munyu, uye muto wakanaka kana thermos Vanobatsira kurwisa kupera mvura mumuviri, hypoglycemia, uye kuderera kwekushisa kwemuviri.
Mitemo yenzvimbo uye kucherechedza zvine mutoro
Iyi inzvimbo yakakwirira-yakakwirira: kune nzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzakavharwa nekuda kwekugara, mota dzinogumira munzira dzakamaka, uye mhuka dzinovaraidza dzinorambidzwa zviri pachena. Kana ukaona matendere, mazai, kana nhiyo, dzokera kure. mukunyarara; kunetseka mushiri kunoderedza kubudirira kwadzo pakubereka.
Nezvekuongorora nyeredzi kana zvekutora mifananidzo yehusiku, mira kure nemutsetse wemvura uye udzivise marambi akareba anonongedza kunzvimbo ine mvura. Mufananidzo wakanakisa ndeuyo usingasiyi traceUye pano iyo pfungwa ine musoro wakakwana.
Mapaki akaita seNevado de Tres Cruces anoitirwa kushanyirwa nekufunga, pane kukurumidza. Kana mugwagwa wakaipa kupfuura zvinotarisirwa, gamuchira iyo sechikamu cheurongwa uye udzike. Hapana kumhanyirira kwakakodzera kuita zvakaipa pa 4.000 metres, nechando, mhepo uye pasina yakavimbika foni chiratidzo.
Avo vanosarudza kusvika kubva kuQuebrada Carrizalillo vanowanzowana nzira iri nani uye nguva shoma kuseri kwevhiri pane avo vaizotora nzira kubva kuSanta Rosa. Kunyange zvakadaro, chero nzira inogona kuchinja nekuda kwemvura, sinou, kana nguva nenguva kugadzirisa. Gara uchitarisa mamiriro emugwagwa uye maawa ekuvhura kwepaki vasati vaenda.
Laguna del Negro Francisco inova chinangwa chinogoneka chevafambi vakagadzirira: nzvimbo yekusiyana, nzvimbo yekuchengetedza shiri dzepamusoro uye girazi remunyu uye chiedza uko kuvira kwezuva kunoyananisa iwe nedaro uye nekukwirira. Kuronga, kuremekedzwa kwemhuka dzesango uye kuchengetedzwa kwemuganhu Aya ndiwo makiyi matatu ekuita kuti chiitiko chikoshe kiromita yega yega.