Zvese zvinomera zvakagoverwa pasirese yepasi zvine akasiyana uye anoshamisa maitiro anoita kuti vaonekwe semhando yemiti ine marudzi mazhinji ekushandisa, mune iyi nyaya iyo Ficus Benjamina inomira kunze, chirimwa chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya sekushongedza munzvimbo dzemukati uye zvakare inobvumira. isa nzvimbo dzakasvibira nemavara ayo anoyevedza uye mashizha akasarudzika. Muchikamu chinotevera tichadzidza nezvezvirwere zveFicus Benjamina uye zvingasarudzwa zvekurwisa.
Ficus Benjamin
Zvirimwa zvinozivikanwa sezvipenyu zvinomera zvinogona kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze, nharaunda, ecosystem uye pasi pevhu, chokwadi ichi chakakonzera kuvepo kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvipenyu, zvichipfumisa nyika nekusiyana kwemaruva. Kuuya kuve nekukosha kukuru kwekutora chikamu mune akakosha biochemical maitiro ekupona kwezvipenyu uye anomiririra imwe yeayo makuru masosi echikafu.
Muchiitiko ichi, Ficus Benjamina inomira, inozivikanwa nokuda kweimwe yemiti inoshandiswa pakushongedza kwemukati mudzimba; kumira kunze nokuda kwerunako rwayo rukuru nehanya. Runako rwayo rukuru rwuri munzira iyo yakabatanidza mashizha ayo emukati uye kushatisa mumimvuri yegirinhi kusvikira yasvika pakunyanya kusimba, ichipa runako kune chero kamuri iyo inowanikwa.
Ficus Benjamina inozivikanwa nemazita akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenharaunda yayakagadzirwa, yakadai se boj kana karel de la india muCosta Rica, amate kuMexico, kune dzimwe nzvimbo inozivikanwa sematapalo muAmerica kondinendi. Ndeyemhuri yeMoraceae yakapararira pasi rose, asi imhando yemuti wemuonde unobva kumaodzanyemba kweAsia nekuchamhembe kweAustralia, saka zita rayo rinozivikanwa seficus rinopararira.
Mhando iyi yemiti inosvika mamita gumi nemashanu pakureba uye kunyange kusvika pamamita makumi matatu, ine mashizha kubva pa 6 kusvika ku 13 centimita kureba uye ine muromo wakananga, ndiko kuti, ine drooping uye oval chitarisiko. Makwati ayo ane greyish brown, ari kudyarwa muhari ivo vari mukati medzimba uye vane huru yekuona uye yekushongedza kukwezva mumakamuri.
Ficus Benjamina inotsigira kutonhora kwakadzika asi haibvumiri chando munguva yechando, nekuda kweizvi inogona kukura mukati medzimba nechinangwa chekudzivirira kubva kumatambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, uye inogonawo kugadzirisa nyore nyore kune nzvimbo dzemukati, kunyange kufarira kukura kwayo. Mwaka wayo wekutumbuka kukuru ndewechirimo, painotanga nhungirwa itsva, ichichengeta zvimiro zvinokatyamadza kusvika pakutanga kwematsutso.
Zvirwere
Zvese zvinomera zvinoratidzwa kune zvakatipoteredza uye zvechisikigo mamiriro ayo anogona kukanganisa maseru avo uye matishu ekudyara uko mamwe pathogenic microorganisms anowanikwa munharaunda anoomerera kwairi, achichinja hutano hwemhando yemiti uye achikonzera shanduko yechimiro chayo kana kuperera kwechirimwa kusvika iyo. zvinotungamirira kurufu rwayo kana kurasikirwa kwenhengo dzayo.
Ficus Benjamina chirimwa chinomiririra rudzi rwechirimwa chinowanzo rwiswa nemaparasite nekuda kweruvara rwakakura rwegirinhi, zvichireva kuwanda kwe chlorophyll senge red spider, cochineal, aphid uye mite inodya muto wezvirimwa, ichipera simba. kusvika pakusvava. Zvipembenene izvi zvinogona kugara pamashizha ezvirimwa semvura inonamira yakafanana neuchi, kukuvara kwakanyanya muchirimwa.
Zvipembenene zvinorwisa Ficus Benjamina zvinogona kurwiswa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nemishonga, kutanga inofanira kusimbiswa kuti denda iri rakapararira sei munzvimbo dzose dzayakasimwa, richidziviswa nemvura uye sipo isina kwayakarerekera. Vanogonawo kukura zvirwere zvinogona kuipa zvachose, pakati pavo zvinotevera zvinobuda pachena:
Yellow sheets
Kuvepo kwemashizha eyero kunogona kuve nezvirevo zvakasiyana senge mvura yakawandisa kana kuvepo kwevhu risingabereki pasina chikafu. Zvakajairika kuona iyi mhando yemamiriro muficus benjamina sezvo iri chikamu chekutenderera kwayo kwechisikigo, dzimwe nguva nguva refu yemashizha yeyero anogara achishanduka anocherechedzwa, kazhinji anokonzerwa nekurudziro yekunyorova kunofanirwa kunge kuri pakati nepakati, kwakaringana. is Tarisa chinhu ichi pese paunomhanyisa kudiridza.
Hunyoro hunoenderana nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo, uko kuvepo kwekuoma kana kunyorova kwepamusoro kunoratidzirwa nemwaka. Munguva yechirimo nezhizha, kuwedzera kwekuwanda kwekunaya kwemvura kunoonekwa, iyo inofadza hunyoro hwepasi, huwandu hwemvura hunofanira kudzorwa kuti hurege kuuraya chirimwa. Muchiitiko ichi, simiti inokuvadzwa nekuvepo kwepedyo kwemidziyo yakadai semhepo inogadzirisa kana kupisa, zvichiita kuti mashizha aome, aite yero uye aome.
Mashizha matsvuku anogonawo kuonekwa nekuda kwekunetseka kunokonzerwa mairi, kunobatanidza nekuchinja nguva dzose kwenzvimbo. Naizvozvo, hazvikurudzirwe kufambisa kana kushandura nzvimbo yechirimwa, zviri nyore kusarudza imwe nzvimbo uye kudzivirira mhirizhonga muFicus, ichivimbisa kuti inokura ine hutano uye yakasimba.
Leaf Spot Fungi (Cercospora)
Anozivikanwawo semashizha akasvibira anokonzerwa nekuvapo kwefungus inoburitsa madonhwe madiki kuseri kwemashizha echirimwa. Iri rudzi rwedenda rinogara richibata rudzi urwu rwechirimwa, richikuvadza nekuti rinokanganisa zvirimwa zvese zvakavakidzana, zvichiita kuti vatange varwara, vanowana ruvara rweyero pamicheto yeshizha uye zvishoma nezvishoma inoparadzirwa mukati maro. kusvika yadonha..
Ichi chinhu chinokonzerwa nekuwanda kwekutonhora kana humidity munzvimbo yairi, dzimwe nguva yakanaka ndeyekuchinja kune imwe nzvimbo inofefetera, rudzi urwu rwedambudziko rinogona kungoonekwa muchirimo nezhizha, inguva. kuti Inopa matambudziko mazhinji nefungi uye mabhakitiriya anopararira munzvimbo yese. Imwe nzira yekugadzirisa kushayikwa uku ndeyekushandisa sulfur kana fungicide sprays inogadzirwa nemhangura, kuratidza kuti fungicides haisvibisi kana kukuvadza mashizha eFicus.
Anthracnose
Mhando iyi yedenda inokanganisa chirimwa nechitarisiko chemavara ane ngura pamatanda nemashizha, inowanzozivikanwa zvikuru mumhando iyi uye kuoma kwayo kukuru. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa mashizha ane chirwere uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo yakagadzikana kwavari. Inogona kuiswa munzvimbo yakavhenekerwa zvakakwana, ichidzivirira nzvimbo dzine mafashamo uye ine ivhu rakaorera. Fetereza inoshandiswa inobvumira chirimwa kuti chikure chine hutano uye chisave panjodzi yekurwiswa nefungal.
Mazano ekudzivirira Ficus Zvirwere
Iyo Ficus Benjamina imhando yechirimwa isingabatirwe nezvirwere, inoonekwa seyakashingirira uye inonyanya kupesvedzera ndeye fungi uye spores inowanikwa munharaunda. Kuuya kuzopa mavara ebrown uye yero pamashizha ayo, chiri chiratidzo chekuvapo kwefungi, zvichikonzera kudonha kwakanyanya kwemashizha echirimwa. Pakutanga hapazove nematambudziko ehutano nekukura asi nekufamba kwenguva chirimwa chinopera simba uye kufa.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza chirimwa chakachena uye chakaoma, chichirimwaya nemvura pazvinenge zvakakodzera, nekuti kuwanda kwemvura ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvinokonzeresa fungi, kana uchifungidzira kuvepo kwechero chipembenene, chinofanira kukurumidza kubviswa zvakasara zvezvirimwa kudzivirira kupararira kwayo. Muchiitiko chekufambisa kunze munguva yezhizha, zvinokurudzirwa kuti utarise usati waiisa mukati zvakare kuti urege kudzivirira zvirwere mukati meimba.
Zviri nani, mashizha nematavi akabatwa anofanira kubviswa, achiachenesa nedonje yakanyoroveswa nemvura nesipo, wozoamwaya nemishonga yezvipembenene kuti azvidzivirire kubva kune zvimwe zvipembenene zvingavakanganisa. Mhando iyi yekudzidzira inofanira kuitwa nguva dzose kuderedza mamiriro emuti uye kudzivirira kupararira kwayo kunogona kuitika, kuchengetedza kunyatsotarisirwa kuchenesa midziyo inoshandiswa nayo.
Kurima uye Kuchengeta Ficus Benjamina
Iyo Ficus Benjamina inoda kutarisirwa kuri nyore uye kuri nyore kushandiswa, ndosaka ichionekwa zvakanyanya pamateru, magadheni nenzvimbo dzemukati. Naizvozvo, inoiswa semhando yekushongedza iyo inouya kuzotumbuka zviri nyore uye inopa nharaunda nyowani, saka ivo vari munzvimbo dzakarongwa dzinodzivirirwa kubva kuchiedza chezuva asi nekubata kwakakwana kuti ugare uine hutano. Izvo zvakakosha zvekurima kweFicus Benjamina zvicharatidzwa pazasi:
Tembiricha uye Ventilation
Zvirimwa zvinoda mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza anovabvumira kukura uye kukura zvakanaka, kana iri Ficus Benjamina inomira sechirimwa chinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa, uko nharaunda dzine tembiricha dzinoshamisa uye hunyoro hunoshamisa. Chinodiwa cherudzi urwu rwemhando ndeyekupisa kwakanyanya, saka zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa munzvimbo iyo ichave iripo.
Mashizha eficus Benjamina anonyatsonzwa kutonhora, achidonha zvachose mumwaka uno, saka zvakakosha kuti uichengete mukati mechando. Mukuwedzera, iwe unofanirwa kuziva nezvemhepo yakachena yemhepo inowanzoitika panguva ino, inobata chirimwa kunyanya kana ichitonhora kana yakasimba kwazvo, saka inofanira kunge iri munzvimbo isina kukanganiswa navo.
Munguva dzechirimo inguva ine tembiricha yehusiku yakaderera, nguva zhinji iri pasi pe15 ºC; Naizvozvo, zviri nani kuchengetedza chirimwa munzvimbo dzekunze senge maturu kana magadheni, uye zvakare kuiwana pedyo nemahwindo anogara achifefeterwa uye kuchengetedza mwenje wezuva. Kusimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzinogona kubatirana mukukura kwayo uye kukura, ichiwedzera kusviba uye kurova. Iyi mhuka inogona kuchengetwa uye kurimwa munzvimbo dzekunze (terrace, gadheni, patios, pakati pevamwe), kubva pakati pechirimo (March) kusvika pakupera kwezhizha, munenge muna August, kutora kutonga kwekutarisa zvakananga kune zuva rinogona kukonzera kupisa. mumashizha emiti.
Kudiridza
Madiridziro inzira ine chekuita nekuwedzera mvura muzvirimwa kana muminda kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nemvura, kazhinji kana mvura yanaya chinhu ichi chinokwanisa kufukidzwa. Kuratidza kukosha kwemvura pakukura kwemarudzi emiti, zvichibvumira kutakurwa kwemaminerari uye chikafu muhurongwa hwavo hwose uye kushandura muto wepakutanga kuita imwe yakagadzirwa nechirimwa chose. Pamusoro pekutora chikamu mune biochemical process inozivikanwa se photosynthesis.
Munyaya yeFicus Benjamina, kudiridza kunofanira kuenzaniswa, kunyanya munguva dzekushisa kwepamusoro, munguva yechando mvura shoma inofanira kuwedzerwa. Zvisinei, zvinokurudzirwa kuchinjana mazuva ekushandisa kana nguva inodiwa kuti isanganise mvura yese isati yadiridza zvakare, kudzivirira kuunganidzwa kwemvura nemapuddles.
Kudiridza kwakanyanyisa kunogona kukuvadza zvikuru kuFicus Benjamina, nokuti inoratidzirwa kune fungi ndiyo inonyanya kukonzera zvirwere zvinorwisa midzi yemidzi, inokanganisa zvakanyanya mvura inomira. Iyo yakanakira humidity mwero wekuchengetedza chirimwa ichi chinenge 70% kusvika 80%, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuve nepoto yepoto ine ivhu rakakwana, ichange iine basa rekuchengetedza humidity level yakadzorwa.
Imwe nzira inoshandiswa ndeyekupfapfaidza chirimwa kunyanya matavi uye hunde nemvura yakanyungudutswa, ichi chekupedzisira chinhu chakakosha nekuti chinodzivirira kusangana nemaminerari asingadiwe kana chikafu muchirimwa chinogona kuburitsa chero mamiriro kana kuoma kana kugoneka kuumbwa kwechiyero. .
Substrates
Iwo ma substrates anoreva ivhu rinoshandiswa kudyara zvidyarwa, rinoenderana nenzvimbo yese yepasi inobvumira midzi yavo kukura, ine basa rekupa chikafu nemaminerari anodiwa mukusimudzira hutano hwemhando dzezvirimwa, zvakare kupa kugadzikana uye kusimba. .
Iyo Ficus Benjamina imhando yechirimwa inokura zvakanaka muvhu rine kubereka kukuru uye zvicherwa zvekukura kwayo kwakanaka, iyo yakakodzera pH yayo iri pakati pe5 ne6, ine zvishoma acidity yekukura kwayo kweradial, kunyangwe rudzi urwu rweThe. chirimwa chinogona kuenderana nevhu risina kwarakarerekera uye alkaline pH. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuwedzera organic fetiraiza gore rose senge humus, peat kana manyowa, ane basa rekupfumisa iyo nzvimbo yavakasimwa.
Kushambadzira kunofanirwa kutariswa mushure mekukura kwetsinde nemidzi, kana iri mukati memba, hari inofanira kuchinjwa kuti ibvumire kukura kwayo. Transplants inokurudzirwa munguva yechirimo, kunyanya munaKurume naKubvumbi, usati waita chiito ichi, zvinokurudzirwa kuzadza hari nevhu revhu kana matombo anobvumira kutenderera kwemvura, kuyerera kwakaringana uye kudzivirira kudzika kwemvura. Muchiitiko icho chirimwa chakakura munzvimbo dzekunze dzakadai sebindu, maturu kana patio, chete fetiraiza ichave yakakosha.
Fertilization
Inoumbwa nemhando yezvakagadzirwa kana kuti inorganic substance iyo inogadzirwa zvichienderana neseti yezvinovaka muviri zvinofananidzwa nemhando dzezvirimwa, zvichifarira kubereka kwevhu umo zvinomera zvinorimwa. Kubvumira kukurudzira kwekukura kwezvirimwa uye kuvandudza kunaka kweiyo substrate yekukura kukuru kwezvirimwa, zvinowanzo dyiwa nevanhu uye nekuda kwekurima, saka chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurima.
Panyaya yeFicus Benjamina, zvinokurudzirwa kuti iiswe kamwe chete pamwedzi mumwaka wekudziya, ichifarirwawo nekuwedzera kudiridza. Kuiswa kwechinhu ichi kunofanirwa kunge kuri mudiki, zviri nani kune mvura kune zvirimwa zvine ruvara rwegirinhi, zvichinatswa mumvura kudiridza. Munguva yechando hazvidikanwi kuisa muchero, nokuti simiti inopinda munguva yekuzorora uye kuchengetwa kwezvakagadzirwa zvinovaka muviri.
Kuchekerera
Kuchekerera kunosanganisira nzira inoshandiswa nemunhu kuchengetedza aesthetics uye kuchena kwechirimwa, nekubvisa matavi akaoma, kucheka nzvimbo dzine chirwere kana dzakakanganiswa uye kuderedza matavi iwayo anoputsa chimiro chaidiwa chemuti. Mhando iyi yekudzidzira yakanakira kurima nekurima sezvo inogona kuwedzera kunaka kwezvirimwa uye kuvandudza kushongedza kwadzo, zvichiratidza kuti inoiswa nekuchenjerera kudzivirira kukanganisa chirimwa.
Nekuti iyo Ficus Benjamina inotsvakwa zvakanyanya kukura mukati medzimba nenzvimbo dzakavharwa, inoyevedza inoyevedza inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa, rudzi urwu rwechirimwa runogona kukura nekukurumidza uye kutora kutaridzika kwemashizha; saka inofanira kudimburwa nguva nenguva kuitira kuti igone kuenderana nemukati menzvimbo, nenzira imwechete kana ikasimwa munzvimbo dzekunze pamwe chete nemimwe miti.
Kune nzvimbo dzemiti dzinofanirwa kuchekwa panguva dzakatarwa, kunyanya iyo iyo iyo nhengo huru dzechirimwa dziripo, senge apices inoenderana nechikamu chine akakosha matishu emhando; Anofanira kudimburwa muchirimo kana mapazi akafa kana kuti akaonda zvikuru kuti akwanise kuabvisa zvakanaka.
Kuwanza
Kuwanda kwezvirimwa kune chekuita nekuberekana kwezvirimwa, izvo zvinoitwa nenzira mbiri huru, yekutanga ndeyepabonde apo masero echikadzi echirimwa anosanganiswa nemasero echirume echimwe chirimwa, ayo Anosangana nekuda kwekuita. yekukumesa nekuita kwemhepo. Kana iri sexual, inokura nekuvapo kwenhengo dzechirume nedzechikadzi muchirimwa chimwe chete, zvichiita kuti nhungirwa dzizvarwe uye dzibereke nekuchekwa kwayo.
Iyo Ficus Benjamina imhando yechirimwa inokura kuburikidza nekubereka kweasexual, maitiro ekutevera aya ndeaya:
- Ita incision muhunde, kudzivisa nguva dzose kukuvadza zvinogona kupfura.
- Ivhara iyo incision ne humus (compost) uye ivhu repamusoro
- Zvadaro inofanira kuvharwa nefirimu yepurasitiki, kuchengetedza substrate uye fetiraiza zvakasimba.
- Iyo yakawedzerwa substrate inofanira kuchengetwa yakanyorova, saka inofanira kudiridzwa nguva dzose.
- Chirimwa chinobereka midzi inongoerekana yavapo
- Kana danho iri richinge ratanga, bazi rinofanirwa kuchekwa roiswa muvhu rarinoshuvira kubereka.
Kana uchinge wava nepfuti itsva yemiti, kupararira kwayo nekucheka kunofanira kufungwa, apo pakupera kwechirimo kana pakutanga kwezhizha zvinokurudzirwa kutema davi duku uye kuridyara muhari ine substrate yakakodzera, kuchengeta. inonyorova kuitira kukura kwayo kune hutano. Fetereza inogona kuiswa kuti ikurumidze kukura kwayo uye nekukurudzira kubuda kwemidzi yawo.
Tichifunga nguva dzese mamiriro akakodzera ekubuda kwepfuti nyowani, saka kuvhenekesa kunofanirwa kuverengerwa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kushandura hari mazuva ese matatu kana mana kudzivirira kupenya kudonha kune rumwe rutivi uye kukura zvakanyanya mune rimwe. nzvimbo, nenzira iyi kukura kwehomogeneous kunovimbiswa
Mhando Dzakajairika dzeFicus Benjamina
Iyo Ficus Benjamina inonyanya kufarirwa semhando yekushongedza, saka inoonekwa sechikamu chekushongedza kwemukati, mamwe anotokosheswa kugadzirwa sebhonsai uye hunyanzvi hwezvirimwa, inoratidzira akasiyana siyana emuenzaniso anogara achitsvakwa. Zvinonyanya kufarirwa zvinoratidzwa pazasi:
- Mambo weGoridhe: Anozivikanwa nekuve nemashizha ane machena machena, achipa kunaka uye kunaka, pamwe nekuve nemavara egirinhi pazasi peshizha.
- Mini Goridhe: Inofarirwa nemashizha ayo akacheneruka, madiki, ane chena, girinhi, uye nyanga dzenzou.
- Exotic: Iyi mhuka inorarama zvinoenderana nezita rayo rinozivikanwa nekuti ine mbabvu pamashizha kubva pagirinhi kusvika kune brown toni.
- Nuda: ine mashizha ane corrugated chitarisiko ane mitsetse yakamanikana uye akasiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemienzaniso yayo.
- Danielle: Imhando yezvipenyu zvine ruvara rwakanyanya rwegirinhi, mukuwedzera pakuzivikanwa nekwairi kumucheto; Inopa kupikisa kune tembiricha yakaderera uye mafungu akasimba, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusimba kwayo.
- Zvakanyanya Zvishoma: zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nekuve yakanakira miniature vhezheni yemaitiro ekurima bonsai, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera mukati memba.
- Kinky: Imhando inoshamisa kwazvo nekuda kwehupamhi hwemavara uye maumbirwo ayo akasiyana.
- Natasja: Inoumbwa nemhando yakakurumbira yemashizha madiki uye matavi anochinjika, asi inoda kutariswa kwakakosha uye kwakapfava pakukura kwayo.
Musiyano Nezvimwe Zvisikwa
Kune mhando dzakanyanya kufanana pakati pavo, vachiratidzira Ficus Benjamina Variegata, vakamira kunze nekuda kwekuchengetwa kwechirimwa kwakafanana; kuuya pakuva nemusiyano wezvinomera zvine mavara akasiyana-siyana emashizha. Humwe hunhu hwayo hukuru hune mupendero usina kurongeka weyero hue uye yepakati ine yakanyanyisa girinhi ruvara, inosvika masendimita makumi masere pakureba, ichiratidza mashizha ayo akasarudzika akanakira kuve chikamu chekushongedza.
Inokurudzirwa kuchengetedza kure nemhepo yakasimba uye yakasimba apo inokonzerwa nemhepo inogadzirisa kana kupisa michina, uye inokurudzirwa kuti ive munzvimbo ine kusangana nechiedza chezuva. Mhando yemuti iyi yave chinhu chekutsvagirwa nesangano reUnited States riri paNASA.
Kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvesainzi zvakaitwa muna 1985, vaive kutungamira kuratidza kuti Ficus Benjamina inogona kusefa zvinhu zvine muchetura zviri munzvimbo yavanenge vari, izvo zvinoonekwa sevanonatsa nzvimbo dzakavharwa. Nekuda kwekuti ndeyemhuri yeMoraceae, inogona kuburitsa chinhu chinowana chena, gobvu uye rakanamira ruvara mumatishu echirimwa. Zvese izvi nechinangwa chekudzivirira chirimwa kubva kune mamwe maparasite uye herbivores uye zvakare kugadzira kutsamwa mumaziso uye ganda.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: