Un Exoplanet haingambove iri mukati meSolar System yedu, nekuti kutaura zvazviri, ndizvo zviri kurongwa uku. Exoplanet inonziwo extrasolar planet. Kupatsanurwa uku kunoenderana nemapuraneti ari mune imwe orbit isiri Zuva.
Kureva kuti kutenderera kwayo inyeredzi yakasiyana uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi haisi yeSolar System. Mapuraneti eExtrasolar akava musoro we tsvakurudzo yesayenzi mukati mezana remakore rechiXNUMX.
Unogona kufarira kuverenga: 4 mapuraneti eSOLAR SYSTEM ANE PLANETARY RINGS
Pakutanga, pakati pekuferefeta, nyanzvi dzenyeredzi dzakauya kuzofunga nezve kuvapo kwe exoplanets. Zvisinei, vakanga vasina nzira dzoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu dzokuvazivisa. Yakanga isiri kusvika 1992 iyo yekutanga yakasimbiswa yekuonekwa yakanyorwa.
Saka kuwana akati wandei epasi-mapuraneti anotenderera iyo Lich pulsar. Pamusoro peizvi, yekutanga yakasimbiswa kuonekwa kweExoplanet inotenderera nyeredzi huru yekutevedzana ine zita rekuti. Dimidius. Zvakaitwa mukati megore ra1995, kunyanya nevazivi venyeredzi Michel Mayor naDidier Queloz. Yakanga iri kubva panguva iyoyo, apo nhamba yezvakawanikwa zvenyeredzi yakawedzera gore negore.
Kusvikira zvino, maererano zvinyorwa zvakagadzirwa na NASA, 2748 masisitimu emapuraneti akawanikwa. Aya masisitimu ane huwandu hwe3668 mitumbi yemapuraneti. Pamusoro peizvi, 6163 yeaya masisitimu akawanda. Nekune rimwe divi, zana nemakumi maviri neshanu emapuraneti aya ari pamusoro pegumi nenhatu MJ (125 MJ ihuru yeJupiter). Nechikonzero ichi, ivo vanogona kunge vari brown dwarfs.
extrasolar system
Wedu Solar system Inoumbwa nemapuraneti masere atinonyatsoziva: Mercury, Mars, Earth, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus neNeptune. Ndiwo mapuraneti anoumba Solar System yedu. Nekudaro, sekutsanangurwa kwazvino muchinyorwa chino, kune zvakare exoplanets uye kuti ivo vapinde muchikamu chemapuraneti, havagone kuve mitumbi yedenga inofamba yakasununguka muchadenga.
Parizvino inotsanangurwa nguva yepasi, somutumbi wemudenga unotenderera nyeredzi. Kunyangwe padanho renyeredzi mukana wekuvepo kwemitumbi yemapuraneti isingabatanidzwe negiravhiti renyeredzi chero ipi zvayo hairambidzwi. Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti miviri yakadai ingadai yakadzingwa muhurongwa hwavakaumba. Zvisinei, mapuraneti aya ane rimwe zita muzvinyorwa zvesainzi. Mupfungwa iyi vanowanzonzi mapuraneti anodzungaira kana mapuraneti enyeredzi.
Ukuwo, chakanzverwa kusvika zvino ndechokuti pasi rose rakazvarwa riri mukutenderera kwakapoteredza nyeredzi. Izvi ndizvo zvinoumba masisitimu. Kana vari vasina Zuva senyeredzi yavo, vanonzi extrasolar system. Yekutanga extrasolar system yakawanikwa ine inopfuura imwe pasi yaive Upsilon Andromedae.
Pashure pacho, kunyanya muna June 2010, NASA yakazivisa kuti Kepler probe. Izvi zvakaiswa mukutenderera muna Kurume 2009. Yakaonawo zviratidzo zve 706 itsva exoplanets mumazuva ayo ekutanga makumi mana nematatu ekushanda.
Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kukosha kweiyo 706 itsva exoplanets yakaonekwa. 400 dzacho dzine hukuru hwakada kufanana nedzeNeptune nePasi. Zvinoenderana nezvakaburitswa muna 2011, angangoita makumi matanhatu emapuraneti akaonekwa akafanana muhukuru nepasi redu. Inogona kunyange kuva kaviri saizi yepasi, kana zvishoma.
Iyo exoplanet yakasimbiswa kuve yakanyanya kufanana nePasi kusvika Ndira 2015, yakawanikwa ichitenderera mukati menzvimbo inogarwa, ine zita rekuti. Kepler-438b.
Nhamba yenyeredzi dzine exoplanets
Chinhambwe panowanikwa maexoplanets mazhinji angangoita makore mazana matatu echiedza kubva kune solar system, angangoita. Zvirongwa zvekutsvaga mapuraneti zvinoratidza kuti kuburikidza neongororo, vakawana mapuraneti anotenderera chikamu chikuru chenyeredzi kuti vakadzidza. Zvisineyi, chikamu chose chenyeredzi dzine mapuraneti hachisati chazivikanwa, sezvo paine mamwe maitiro ekutarisa ekuona.
Mupfungwa iyi, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kune nzira mbiri dzave dzakakonzeresa kuwanda kwekuonekwa. Aya ndiwo nzira yeradial velocity uye nzira yekufambisa: matekiniki aya anotarisisa mapuraneti makuru ari munzira diki. Ndicho chikonzero nei akawanda anozivikanwa exoplanets akafanana chaizvo nepasi Jupiter, asi inopisa.
Iwe unofanirwa zvakare kuverenga: 14 Hunhu hwePLANET MERCURY HUCHAKUTAPA
Vanofananidzwa neJupiter, sezvo uwandu huri pedyo neJupiter. Kunyangwe mune diki diki orbits uye nenguva dzemazuva mashoma chete. Iko zvino zvave kuzivikanwa kuti pakati pe1% ne1.5% ye nyeredzi dzakaita sezuva Vane marudzi aya emapuraneti. Pakadaro nyeredzi yakaita seZuva inoreva chero nyeredzi huru yekutevedzana. Aya makirasi F, G kana K asina wepedyo stellar shamwari.
Kubva panguva yakawanikwa exoplanets kana mamwe mapuraneti, kufarira bviro yokuti upenyu hwokudenga huriko chaizvoizvo kwave kuchiwedzera. Uye maererano nezvakadzidzwa, zvinofungidzirwawo kuti pakati pe3% ne4.5% yenyeredzi dzakafanana neZuva dzine nyika huru. Izvi zvine nguva yekutenderera kwemazuva zana kana pasi. Apo "giant planet" zvinoreva pasi rine vanhu vanosvika makumi matatu vepasi redu.
Extrasolar system muMilky Way
Chinhu chakanyanya kuoma kufungidzira kusvika nhasi ndechekuziva iyo nhamba yenyeredzi. Aya ane mapuraneti madiki kana anopfuura ari kure. Nekune rumwe rutivi, kushandisa mucherechedzo unozivikanwa nemapuraneti anogona kucherechedzwa, mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti mapuraneti madiki ane huwandu hwakafanana nehwePasi akajairika kupfuura mapuraneti makuru. Zvinotaridzawo kuti mapuraneti ari mumikoto mikuru anogona kunge akajairika pane aya anotenderera nyeredzi munzira diki.
Kuenzanisa kwakadaro ndiko kunofungidzira kuti zvichida makumi maviri muzana enyeredzi dzakafanana neZuva dzinenge imwe chete. giant planet. Kunyange 40% inogona kunge iine mapuraneti mashoma. Nekudaro, zvisinei nechikamu chaicho chenyeredzi dzine mapuraneti, huwandu hwese hwema exoplanets hunofanirwa kunge hwakakura. Kutaura idi, kubva muboka redu renzou reMilky Way, zvakaonekwa kuti kune nyeredzi dzinenge mabhiriyoni zana.
Izvi zvinoratidza nokutorwa kwesayenzi kuti nyeredzi dzakadaro dzinofanirawo kuva nemabhiriyoni emapuraneti, kana kuti mazana emabhiriyoni awo, anotenderera kumativi adzo. Muna Ndira 2013, vazivi venyeredzi paHarvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics vakashandisa data kubva kuKepler kufungidzira kuti mabhiriyoni gumi nemanomwe eEarth-size exoplanets anogara mupasi redu. Milky Way.
Mushure mekuferefeta uku, kumwedzi waMbudzi 2014, data nyowani yakasimudza fungidziro kune 40.000 miriyoni exoplanets yepasi inotenderera nyeredzi dzadzo mumhepo. nzvimbo inogoneka kuti kune 11 000 mamiriyoni avo anotenderera kumativi enyeredzi akafanana neZuva.
hofori dzegasi
Kusvika ikozvino zvinozivikanwa kuti Kepler-438b ine yakafanana index nePasi ye88%. Kune rimwe divi, KOI-4878.01, inovawo mumiriri wepasi, ine yepamusoro IST (98%). Nekudaro, iyo yekupedzisira haisati yaona kuvepo kwayo kusvika pari zvino, asi kana ikasimbiswa zvinogoneka akafanana neNyika yedu.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti semugumisiro wekugara uchitarisa kunoitwa ne nyanzvi dzenyeredzi uye nyanzvi, zvakange zvatemwa kuti ruzhinji rwemapuraneti anozivikanwa eextrasolar ihofori dzegasi. Zvinoenderana netsananguro, mapuraneti aya akaenzana kana kutonyanya kukura kupfuura iyo Jupiter.
Musiyano ndewekuti mapuraneti aya anogara ari mumigwagwa iri pedyo zvakanyanya nenyeredzi yawo uye ane nguva pfupi yekutenderera. Uye kuva pedyo zvikuru nenyeredzi yavo, ivo vanozivikanwawo se hot jupiters.
Zvimwe unoda kuverenga: 9 HUNHU HWEPLANET JUPITER INE ZVINONYANISA
Chikonzero icho chinofungidzirwa kuti imwe neimwe yakaonekwa Exoplanet ichave iri hofori yegasi, inogona kunge iri yekuti nzira dzekuona dzazvino dzinongokwanisa kuwana mapuraneti nemitumbi yedenga yehukuru uhu zviri nyore kupfuura. mapuraneti madiki epasi.
Nekudaro, maexoplanets anofananidzwa neyedu ave kutotanga kuonekwa. Chimwe chinhu chakafanana nezvataurwa pamusoro apa. Zvese zvinoenderana nekuti kugona kuona uye nguva yekufunda iri kuwedzera.
