MaDahlia maruva akachekwa anowanikwa kubva mumiti yemiti yerudzi rweDahlia , yakatanga kuwanikwa muMexico. Imiti yemiti yemiti ine tsika yekukura kwemiti. Parizvino, mhando dzinosvika makumi matatu dzerudzi rweDahlia dzakawanikwa , uye mhando dzinosvika zviuru makumi maviri dzakawanikwa kuburikidza nekuberekesa horticultural crossbreeding uye dzakanyoreswa muInternational Register of Dahlia Species. Ndinokukoka kuti urambe uchidzidza nezvemadahlia munyaya ino.
dahlias
Dahlias igwenzi remakwenzi iro parinotumbuka rinoburitsa ruva rine maruva akawanda anosiyaniswa nekuva nemavara akasiyana, rinoonekwa nekuva nemidzi yakasimba, ine madzinde akawanda nemashizha anoita semabouquets emaruva kana achitumbuka. Inowanikwa kuMexico, uye chirimwa chinoda chiedza chezuva chakanaka. Dahlias ane maruva akanaka ane pink, yero, orenji, dzvuku, yepepuru kana yepepuru mavara ane mavara. Maruva aya anotsvakwa zvakanyanya kumaflorists, nursery uye zvitoro zvekurima.
Chirimwa ichi chinobva kuMexico, uko kwakaonekwa pakati pe41 ne50 marudzi ezvipenyu, zvichibva munhamba huru kubva kunzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa kwazvo dzenyika yeAztec, uko dzakarimwa kweanopfuura mazana maviri emakore. Izvi zvinomera zvinorimwa nokuda kwemaruva avo akanaka uye akawanda ehukuru hwakasiyana-siyana uye mavara (machena, pink, yero, yepepuru nemamwe mavara kunze kwebhuruu).
Nyanzvi dzekurima maruva, kuburikidza nekusanganisa marudzi akasiyana erudzi rweDahlia , vakagadzira mhando dzakawanda dzemaruva ane maruva rimwe chete uye akabatana ane saizi nemavara akasiyana. Zita rerudzi rweDahlia rakapihwa kukudzwa kwenyanzvi yemiti Andreas Dahl, mudzidzi waLinnaeus. Zvirimwa izvi zvinokura munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dziri pasi pemvura muMexico uye ndeimwe yemaruva anonyanya kufarirwa pakugadzira maruva.
Kurima nekutarisira
Izvi zvinomera zvinoda chiedza chakanaka, saka zvinofanirwa kurimwa munzvimbo dzinosvika zuva rakananga nemwaranzi, uko mhepo isina kusimba uye ivhu rine organic zvinhu zvakawanda kuti zviite kuorera. Maruva eDahlias anogona kuve nemateya akati wandei, anosiyana kubva pachikamu chimwe chete chemakumbo, kuburikidza nekaviri, katatu uye kunyange sextuple akaturikidzana emapetali, zvichibva kune akasiyana horticultural michinjikwa. Dahlias maruva ane huwandu hukuru hwemapetali anofadza nekusimba kwemavara awo, maumbirwo awo anoshamisa uye hukuru hwakasiyana kubva pa8 centimita kusvika kune anopfuura 15 masendimita.
Mamiriro ekunze nevhu rekurima
Zvinokurudzirwa kudyara paivhu rine manyowa kana kuti pacompost yakareruka kuitira kuti mbesa dziite midzi nyore. Ndiwo miti inopindirana nemhando ipi zvayo yevhu, kusanganisira ivhu recalcareous rine pH yakakura kudarika 7. Inofanira kurimwa muzuva rakazara uye inodiridzwa kakawanda. Mhuka dzesango kana dzakachena dzinoparadzirwa nemhodzi. Mamwe maitiro ekurimwa kwayo akanyorwa:
- Inokurudzirwa tembiricha. Inokurudzirwa kukura Dahlias pane tembiricha iri pakati pe18 °C uye 23 °C, zvirimwa izvi hazvinyatso shingirira kune yakaderera tembiricha.
- Chiedza chinodiwa. Dzinojairana nenzvimbo dzine mwaranzi yezuva rakanaka, saizvozvowo, dzinokura zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine mumvuri mudiki apo chiedza chezuva chinosvika zvisina kunanga.
- Humidity. Inoda humidity yezvakatipoteredza pakati pe75 kusvika 78%.
- Kudyara substrate. Ivhu rakaorera rine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvicherwa zvakapfuma mune zvicherwa zvinopa huwandu hwakanaka hwemacroelement uye microelements, ine loamy texture, permeable inobvumira mvura yakanaka kuyerera uye pH pakati pezviyero zviri pakati pe6 ne8.
- Kudiridza. Kudiridzira kunoiswa zvichienderana nedanho rechirimwa. Pakutanga kwechirimwa, kudiridza kunofanira kunge kuri pakati nepakati kuitira kuti ivhu rirambe rakanyorova, pasina kuzara nemvura. Apo maruva ekutanga emaruva anokura, kudiridza kunokurudzirwa kuwedzera muhuwandu uye kunyanya mumwaka wezhizha.
Nzira dzekudzirima
Kurimwa kwezvirimwa zveDahlias kunomisikidzwa maererano nebasa richaitwa nekudyara kwechirimwa chazvo.kucheka maruva uye kurima zvirimwa zvehari.
Kurima nekucheka
Kurimwa kweDahlias kubva kune yepakati saizi stem cuttings, kucheka kucheka panguva yechando kunoshandiswa uyezve maDahlias anotanga kutanga kwezhizha. Kana chinangwa chiri chekudyara pakati pe240 kusvika 300 cuttings per square metre, matanho anotevera anoitwa: Kurimwa kweDahlias kubva kune cuttings kana nemachubhu, inofanira kudyarwa mukati mepakati yemidzi, yakasimwa mumitsara yakaparadzaniswa kure 7 kusvika 8 centimita. Kuparadzaniswa pakati pekucheka kunofanirwa kuva pakati pe 4 kusvika ku 5 centimita uye kudzika kwekudyara kwekucheka kunofanira kuva 1/3 yehurefu hwavo.
Zvichekwa zvinotanga kudzika midzi pazvinochinja ruvara kubva pagirinhi rakacheneruka kuenda kugirinhi yakadzika uye bud rekupedzisira rinokura. Midzi painotangisa kukura uye yakagadziridzwa zvakakwana, zvicherwa izvi zvinosimwa mumaforo uye saizi yekudyara inosiyana pakati pe 0,5 kusvika 1 mita zvichienderana nemhando yeDahlia.
Kurimwa kubva kumachubhu
Kudyarwa kweDahlias tubers kunotanga pamwe chete nekutanga kwechirimo. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana kudyara kuri machubhu muzvinomera, zvichaitwa pakati pemwaka wechirimo. Nharaunda yekudyara inogadziriswa nehukuru hwemaruva eDahlias. Kana ari marudzi ane maruva makuru, girasi rekudyara rinofanira kuva 1 × 1 mamita, kusiyana ne tubers yekurima Dahlias nemaruva maduku, inofanira kuva 0,5 x 0,5 mamita .
Ivhu rekudyara tuber rinofanira kunge riine pH isina kusimba uye risina calcareous, richigadziriswa nendove yakaora kuti ipe zvinhu zvakasikwa. Pakufetera, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa dose ye100 kg/ha yeP₂O₅ uye 200 kg/ha yeK₂O pahekita yekudyara pakugadzirira ivhu rekudyara tuber , uye pakuchengetedza kana kuisa manyowa , isa 50 kg/ha yeN₂ mumwedzi yezhizha.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti usapfuure muyero weNitrogen nekuti mashizha anogona kuwedzera muhukuru kana kuburitsa mashizha akawanda uye kukanganisa kunaka kwezvirimwa. Kudiridza zvirimwa zveDahlias nema tubers zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvive zvakawanda uye kakawanda, kuitira kuti substrate igare yakanyorova uye, saizvozvowo, pasina mafashamo.
Tsika yeruva rakachekwa
Kurimwa kweDahlias kugadzira zvirimwa zvemaruva akachekwa kunoitwa nekudyara matanda kana mhodzi mumiforo yakadzika pakati pe25 ne30 centimita, kureba kwekudyara pakati pechirimwa chimwe nechimwe kunogona kuva pakati pe0,5 kusvika 0,7 izvi zvinosvika pakusiyana zvichienderana ne zvakasiyana-siyana zviri kurimwa, mamiriro evhu, tsika dzekurima uye zvimwe zvakasiyana.
Nechinangwa chekuwana ruva guru, pinching inoitwa, tsika iyi inoitwa pamadzinde ezvirimwa zvevadiki zvine hurefu hunosvika 15 kusvika 20 centimita. Inofanira kuitwa pamusoro peyechitatu yemashizha kubva pachigadziko. Nekurovera, maruva mabuds uye echipiri buds ari mu axils emashizha anobviswa, achisiya chete bhudzi guru. Iri basa rinofanirwa kuitwa kupfura kukuru kusati kwasvika 5 centimita pakureba. Mhedzisiro inodiwa ndeyekuwana ruva rekutanga iro dzinde rinoyera pakati pe60 kusvika 70 masendimita.
Ivhu, fetereza nekudiridzira
Kana Dahlias zvirimwa zvakura kuti zviwane maruva akachekwa, zvinokurudzirwa kudyara muvhu rakasununguka, rine porosity yakanaka uye aeration. Saizvozvo, ivhu rinofanira kunge richipinda zvakanaka kuti ribvumire kupinda kwemvura kuburikidza nezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvevhu uye nokudaro kubvumira zvidimbu zvakadzika kuchengetedza unyoro. Inofanirwa kusakura nguva nenguva kudzivirira makwikwi ekudya, chiedza nemvura.
Zvinokurudzirwa mukuisa fetiraiza yeN, P neK (nitrogen, phosphorus ne potassium), mukuenzanisa mafomula e2-1-2 uye 1-2-3. Kana iri yekudiridza, unofanirwa kutanga kudiridza kuti upedze kudyara, kana chirimwa chakaitwa kubva kumachubhu kana midzi yekucheka. Kushandiswa kwekudiridza kunofanira kurongwa kuitira kuti igare uye nenzira iyi idzore kuti pane kamwe-kamwe kuchinja kwehunyoro muvhu, kuitira kuti ivhu rirambe rakanyorova uye rinobatsira kukura kwemidzi.
maruva akachekwa
Kuita kucheka kweDahlias kurimwa kwemaruva akachekwa, kutanga kwekutumbuka kwavo kunofanirwa kuverengerwa, izvo zvinoitika pakati pemazuva makumi matanhatu kusvika makumi manomwe kubva pazuva rekudyara machubhu uye zvinogara kwemazuva makumi mana nemashanu kusvika makumi mashanu. Munguva iyi yenguva, maruva anochekwa sezvaanotumbuka uye akazaruka. Kukohwa kwemaruva aya akachekwa kunoitika zuva nezuva. Kukohwa uku kunoitwa kana ruva rimwe nerimwe ranyatsovhurwa uye dzinde rasvika pakukura kwakakodzera. Izvi zvinosarudza kushambadzira kwemhando yemaruva eDahlias.
Mumwedzi wechipfumbamwe wekudyara, zvichienderana nemhando yeDalia uye kuti chirimwa chacho chii, zvinhu zvakaratidzwa zvekugadzira cuttings zvinotanga kusarudzwa uye kubviswa, pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwemichina ye tubers. Kana zvinhu zvinenge zvatengeswa kuparadzirwa kweDahlias zvasarudzwa uye kubviswa, zvinocheneswa uye kuchengetwa patembiricha iri pakati pe5 kusvika 10 ° C, zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa pahunyoro hunosvika 80 kusvika 85% kuitira kuti machubhu anochengetedza huremu hwawo kubva paakabviswa. Huremu hwekutengesa hwemachubhu kugadzira maDahlias makuru hunofanirwa kunge huri magiramu makumi mana uye kune madiki Dahlias 40 magiramu.
Kurimwa kweDahlias muhari
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kana iwe uchida kurima Dahlias muhari yekushandisa: Dwarf Dahlias mhando dzakawanikwa kubva kumbeu uye zvakare kushandisa machubhu emhando dzeDahlias dzakawanikwa nevegetatively umo makukura inhibitors akashandiswa nechinangwa chekugadzira Dahlias diki diki.
Mhando dzeDahlias dzakatorwa kubva kumbeu. Vanoda nguva yemavhiki masere kusvika gumi nemaviri kubva pakudyara kuti zvirimwa zvitumbuke. Mumwaka wegore iyo yakanakisa kurima iri pakati pemwaka yechando uye pakati pemwaka wechirimo, ine avhareji tembiricha ye8 kusvika 12 °C. Dahlias zvinomera hazvibvumire tembiricha iri pasi pe18 °C. Kune rimwe divi, zvirimwa zveDahlias zvakaburitswa kubva kumachubhu zvinotanga nhanho yekutumbuka kubva muvhiki rechitanhatu. Vanokura muhari dze20 kusvika 9 centimita.
Iyo yakakurudzirwa substrate yekukura zvirimwa zveDahlias muhari inogona kuve musanganiswa wevhu raimbova sterilized, peat uye perlite muchiyero che1: 1: 1. Kune maruva akanaka echirimwa cheDahlia, zviri nyore kuti peat yakapfuma mu potassium, nekuda kwekudiwa kukuru kwechinhu ichi nechirimwa ichi. Nezve fetiraiza kana kuti fetiraiza yezvirimwa zvakakura muhari, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa fetiraiza yemvura pachiyero che100 ppm muyero wakaenzana we2: 1: 2 yeN, P, K zvichiteerana. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti Dahlias zvirimwa zvinomera zvinokura nechiedza chakakwana.
Mazano ekukura Dahlias
Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti Dahlias zvirimwa zvinokura maruva akakura uye akanyanya kunaka, zvinokurudzirwa kuchekerera lateral buds, uchichenjerera kuchengetedza iyo yepakati bud, iyo yepamusoro-soro, mune yakanaka mamiriro. Usanetseka kana mazuva mashomanana okutanga asingagadziri maruva akawanda, zvisinei, maruva matsva ayo achapa achava ehukuru hukuru uye kubwinya. Zviri nyore kubvisa maruva akaparara kukurudzira maruva matsva kukura.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti nzvimbo yekudyara ive mumapindu uye kudzivirira kukura Dahlias muhari, sezvo chirimwa chinogona kukura kusvika pakakwirira kana pasi pemamita pakureba, nekuda kweizvi midzi inoda ivhu rakadzika kuti rikure zvizere. Panzvimbo yekudyara Dalia muhari, kukura kwemidzi yemidzi kunorambidzwa. Zvakare, Dahlias akakurira mumba maruva mashoma uye anotaridzika kushoma.
Zvinodiwa zvekudiridza zveDahlias zvinomera zvakaderera mukati memwedzi iyo chirimwa chiri kukura nevegetatively, saka kuwanda kwekudiridza kunofanira kunge kuri pakati nepakati. Kuwedzera kuwanda kwekudiridza panguva yekutumbuka kwemaruva, gara uchichenjerera kusafashama ivhu kudzivirira midzi kubva pakuora kana kukanganiswa nefungi uye mabhakitiriya.
Dahlias zvinomera zvinogona kudyarwa kubva kumbeu, cuttings, kana cuttings uye tubers. Nokuda kwekupararira kwayo kunogonawo kuva nekuparadzanisa tubers, nembeu uye cuttings kana grafts. Kudyara kunonyanya kuitwa pakati pemwedzi waKurume kusvika muna Chivabvu, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa humus yemiriwo nejecha kuti uvandudze kupera kwevhu. Kudzika kwekudyara kunofanira kuva pakati pe10 kusvika ku13 centimita. Kana yadyarwa, zvinokurudzirwa kubata mudzidzisi kuti ape gwara uye zvaanoda.
Iyo tembiricha inofanirwa kuverengerwa, sezvo Dahlias zvidyarwa zvinogona kumira kusvika ku5 ° C, saka, zvirimwa zveDahlias zvinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa munguva yechando. Panguva yekuparadzira nekurima kubva kumachubhu zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa machubhu mushure mekunge chando chekutanga chapfuura uye chengetedza munzvimbo yakaoma, ine mumvuri yakachengetedzwa kubva kuchiedza kusvika mwaka wechirimo wasvika.
kupararira kwayo
MaDahlia anogona kupararira kuburikidza nembeu, zvidimbu, kana maslip, nekupatsanura midzi yawo, uye zvakare nekurima tissue ( in vitro ). Mhando dzehybrid dzinopararira nekupatsanura midzi, zvichiita kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chive nemabukira maviri asina kurara. Iyi nzira ndiyo inonyanya kushanda uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuparadzira dahlia hybrids. Mhando dzedahlia dzemusango dzinogona kupararira nembeu.
Kupararira nembeu
Iyi nzira yekuparadzira inoshandiswa nevehorticultural technicians kana varimi vanochengeta michinjikwa nekudaro vanowana mhando nyowani. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kune zvinomera zvakakura muhari. Vanodyarwa mumwaka wechirimo, kurimwa kwavo kunoitwa muhari nemiriwo substrate inosanganiswa nejecha, zvirimwa zviri kupararira zvinoda avhareji yekupisa ye15 kusvika 18 ° C. Zvirimwa zvinoparadzirwa pasi pemamiriro aya zvinomera mukati memazuva gumi nemashanu.
Kana mashizha maviri echokwadi abuda pamadzinde eDahlias, anosimwa muhari huru uye anorimwa pagridi yekudyara ye5 x 5 centimeter. Zviduku zveDahlias zvinosiiwa mumudziyo uyu kusvikira shizha rechina raberekwa uye, kana izvi zvikaitika, zvinomera zvinotamirwa zvakare, munyaya iyi, kune rimwe hari. Kana mwaka wechirimo wasvika pakupera, zvirimwa zvidiki zveDahlias zvinosimwa zvakatsiga kunzvimbo yekugara, nechinhambwe pakati pezvirimwa zvemasendimita makumi masere pakati pemiti.
Kuparidzirwa nematanda kana kucheka
Kuita iyi nzira yekuparadzira, machubhu akaunganidzwa gore rapfuura anoshandiswa uye anowanikwa kubva kumiti yaamai uye, kubva panguva yekuunganidza kusvika panguva yaanoshandiswa pakuparadzira, anofanirwa kunge akachengetwa munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera. Pakupera kwemwaka wechando, tubers inotorwa uye inorimwa. Kurimwa kwavo kuti vaparadzirwe kunofanirwa kuitwa pamibhedha inopisa patembiricha ye15 kusvika 20 ° C uye tsika yepakati inoumbwa nepeat nejecha rakasanganiswa pachiyero che1: 1, machubhu anodyarwa achisiya mutsipa chete. zveizvi paDiscover.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNE66EHSwLg
Mushure memazuva mashoma pakutarisa nhungirwa dzakabuda uye idzi dzakasvika kureba pakati pe5 kusvika ku10 masendimita, zviri nyore kuaparadzanisa kubva kuchirimwa chaamai. Kupatsanurwa uku kunofanirwa kuitwa nebanga rine utachiona uye kucheka kwakachena kunoitwa pasi pemashizha maviri ekutanga. Saizvozvowo, kucheka kunogona kuitwa kusiya chitsitsinho, kureva, chidimbu chetubercle.
Ipapo aya makucheka anoendeswa kumatireyi kana mapoto pakudziya kwe18 ° C uye tsika yepakati ndeye yakafumiswa peat. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mukati memavhiki maviri kusvika matatu makucheka anenge atobudisa midzi yawo. Kana ma cuttings abudisa midzi yawo, anosimirirwa kunzvimbo yekugara kunorimwa.
Kuparidzirwa nekuparadzaniswa kwe tubers
Mukuparadzira zvirimwa zveDahlias, kuparadzira kuri nyore kuita ndiko kunoitwa nekukamura machubhu. Dahlia zvinomera zvinoumba akati wandei epasi pevhu paanenge achikura nekukura. Kuparidzirwa nechikamu chetuber kunoshandisa iyo yakachengetedzwa kubva muminda yegore rapfuura. Izvi zvirimwa zvekuparidzira mukudyara substrate yakagadzirwa nemusanganiswa wepeat nejecha, uye yakaiswa panzvimbo ine kupisa kwakanyanya (pakati pe15 kusvika 20 ° C).
Midzi inochengetwa munzvimbo iyi kusvika maruva ayo atanga kumera. Kana izvi zvaitika, midzi inopatsanurwa. Usati wapatsanurwa, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti midzi yega yega ine maruva maviri kusvika matatu kuti ive nechokwadi chekupararira kwakanaka. Pakutanga kwechirimo, nzvimbo yekudyara inogadzirwa, uye midzi inopatsanurwa yodyarwa ipapo ipapo. Imwe nzira yekuparadzira dahlias ndeyekupararira mu vitro uchishandisa vegetative meristems.
Kuchengeta zvipembenene nezvirwere
Dahlias zvirimwa zvinonyanya kunetseka kune zvipembenene nezvirwere, izvo zvinogona kudziviswa kana iwe ukacherechedza kuita mabasa akanaka etsika, zvakadai sekudiridza kwakakodzera kuitira kudzivirira ivhu rekurima kubva pamafashamo uye kukuvadza midzi. Zvakare, tsvaga nzvimbo yakanaka yekudyara uye pamusoro pezvose inogamuchira yakanaka solar irradiation inobatsira Dahlias kukura ine hutano. Rangarira kuisa mishonga yekuuraya midziyo, zvikamu zvezvirimwa pazvinenge zvakura, sora zvichingodaro, kudzivirira maDahlias kubatwa nezvirwere kana kurwiswa netumbuyu, zvikuru maaphid.
Nguruve (Myzus persicae)
Miti yeDahlia inorwiswa neaphids ( Myzus persicae ) munguva yemwaka wechando nekuda kwekupisa kwakaderera. Manymphs neakura eMyzus persicae , paanorwisa chirimwa, anosveta muto waro, achideredza simba redahlias uye achikonzera kukuvara kwemashizha, ayo anoshanduka kuita yero, uye chirimwa chinogona kufa pakupedzisira. Aya maaphids, seanogamuchira, anotapurira mavhairasi uye, pamusoro pezvo, paanodya muto wedahlias, anoburitsa honeydew, iyo inokurudzira kukura kwe sooty mold.
Chipembenene ichi chinodzorwa zviri nani nematanho ekudzivirira. Izvi zvinoda kutarisa hupenyu hweMyzus persicae. Kana huwandu hwezvipembenene izvi huchiderera, kudzora zvipenyu kunoshanda zvikuru. Vavengi vazvo vechisikigo ndiAdalia bipunctata naAphidius colemani , izvo zvinodya zvipembenene izvi pazvinozvidya. Zvisinei, kana huwandu hwezvipembenene izvi hwakanyanya, nzira inoshanda zvikuru yekudzora ndeyekushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene ine makemikari.
Tsvuku tsvuku
Kana hunyoro hushoma, zvirimwa zvedahlia zvinogona kurwiswa nezvipembenene zvemadahlia ( Tetranychus urticae). Kupararira kwezvipembenene zvemadahlia kunoonekwa semavanga madiki eyero, kupeta mashizha, uye kudonha kwemashizha. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzoenderana netambo diki pasi pemashizha. Kudzivirira kupararira kwezvipembenene zvemadahlia, kuwedzera hunyoro kunokurudzirwa. Nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene dzinosanganisira kushandisa zvipembenene zvePhytoseiulus persimilis, chikara chechisikigo chezvipembenene zvemadahlia. Kudzora makemikari kunosanganisira kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yakagadzirwa nesarufa.
Mafambiro
Zvimwe zvipembenene zvinorwisa zvirimwa zvedahlia zvinosanganisira thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) , dzinoonekwa semavanga machena pamashizha ane chitarisiko chesirivha-grey uye dzakakomberedzwa nemavanga matema madiki, ayo ari tsvina yawo. Misungo yebhuruu inonamira inoshandiswa kudzora, uye Amblyseius swirskii kana Orius inoshandiswa senzira dzekudzivirira mumagreenhouse. Kushandiswa kwenzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene nemakemikari hakuzivikanwe.
nyuchi
Zvipembenene zvezvirimwa zveDahlias makonye machena uye waya, ari magonye ebeetle anochochonya muvhu. Vagari vavo vanorwisa midzi yeDahlias zvirimwa, kana vangokuvadza midzi, zvinoonekwa kuti mashizha anotora chitarisiko cheyero obva aoma. Makonye aya anorwisa zvakanyanya mumwaka wechirimo newematsutso. Kana huwandu hwavo huchiwedzera zvakanyanya, mishonga yezvipembenene yemakemikari inofanirwa kuiswa. Senzira yekudzivirira nayo, zvinokurudzirwa kurima ivhu uye kuona kana pane mazai, achisiya asina kufukidzwa kuitira kuti mwaranzi yezuva isvike paari chaipo, sezvo asinganzwe kutonhora kwakanyanya.
Dahlia Zvirwere
Zvirwere muDahlias zvinokonzerwa nefungi, mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi, sezvakataurwa zvisati zvaitika izvi zvinogona kudziviswa kana Dahlias miti ine utano, inogamuchira zvokudya zvakakwana, chiedza chezuva, humidity yezvakatipoteredza uye kudiridza. Zvakare, chengetedza nzvimbo dzako dzekudyara dzakasora, bvisa ivhu kuti ripe ivhu uye kubvisa mazai ezvipembenene anogona kunge ari mavhairasi akawanda, uye rangarira kuisa utachiona zvishandiso zvako uye zvekushandisa.
marasha machena
Zviratidzo zvemapundu machena (Entyloma dahliae) mavara akaita sedenderedzwa, akatenderera, kana kuti akakombama, anogona kusvika masendimita imwe chete padhayamita, anoonekwa pamashizha emiti yedahlia yakasanganiswa. Kana chirwere ichi chatanga, mavara acho anotaridzika kunge akachenuruka, uye paanokura, anoshanduka kuita brown.
Kudzora kufambira mberi kweWhite Carbon chirwere, zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa zvirimwa zvinorwara senzira yekudzivirira. Saizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera nzvimbo yekurima yekudyara, nenzira imwechete maturusi akadai sechekuchekerera miti, substrate yekudyara, inofanira kuvharirwa utachiona. Isa zvigadzirwa zveagrochemical zvine certified zvigadzirwa zvekutonga kweiyo white carbon disease.
Mahowa (Fusarium. sp)
Miti yeDahlia ine howa inonzi Fusarium sp . inotanga kuratidza zviratidzo zvechirwere kana mashizha ayo achangotanga kuoneka anochinja ruvara. Nhengo dzemukati dzedahlias dzinoshanduka kuita dzvuku-dzvuku, uye kukuvara kwacho kunopararira kuzvikamu zvepamusoro zvechirimwa. Kudzivirira kunosanganisira kushandisa nzira dzekurima dzakadai sekusora, kudiridza zvine mwero, uye kuuraya utachiona, zvishandiso, uye nzvimbo yekurima, pakati pezvimwe.
Mabhakitiriya
Zvirimwa zveDahlia zvinobatwa nehutachiona zvakanyanya. Rimwe bhakitiriya rinonyanya kukanganisa dahlias iErwinia chrysanthemi, iyo inokonzera kuora kwetuber. Kana bhakitiriya iri rikarwisa mhando dzedahlia dzichibatwa nehutachiona zvakanyanya, rinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa ne80% yezvirimwa panguva yekupararira kwembeu. Bakitiriya reAgrobacterium tumefaciens rinogonawo kukonzera bundu patuber.
Utachiona hweCorynebacterium fasciensis hunokonzera mavanga pamashizha. Kuti udzivise kurwiswa nehutachiona uhu, zvinokurudzirwa kuti uite tsika dzekurima dzakadai se: kudzivirira maronda pazvirimwa, kuchengetedza mashizha akaoma, kubvisa zvirimwa zvakakanganiswa, uye kuchengetedza maturusi ekudyara nekuchekerera miti nemidziyo zvakachena.
kurwisa kwehutachiona
Minda yeDahlia inogona kunge iine zvirimwa zvakabatwa nemavhairasi akaita seCucumber Mosaic Virus kana Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus (CMV), neDahlia Mosaic Virus kana Dahlia Mosaic Caulimovirus (DMV), mavhairasi ese ari maviri anotapurirwa neaphid. CMV inokonzera interneval mosaic muDahlia zvinomera.
Zviratidzo zvinogadzirwa ne "Dahlia mosaic virus" zvakasiyana zvichienderana necultivar ine utachiona. Pakati pezviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa ndezvi: kuchinja kwemavara emutsinga, rima rakasvibirira uyewo kurasikirwa kwekupenya kweyero pigmentation. Inobata maitiro emashizha, kuoneka mashizha emhando dzisina kukwana, kwete symmetrical uye curling inobudiswa. Mune zvimwe zvirimwa kukura pakati pemapfundo kunenge kushoma uye zvirimwa zvinotora chitarisiko chidiki. Kubvisa mavhairasi, huwandu hweaphid hunofanirwa kuderedzwa uye zvinomera zvinorwara zvinofanirwa kubviswa, maturusi akadzivirirwa uye mamwe maitiro e phytosanitary.
Ruva reNyika reMexico
Dahlias zvirimwa zvakabva kuMexico, zvakaonekwa mukati merudzi rweDalhia yemhuri yebhotani Asteraceae (Compositae) Tribe Heliantheae, zita rayo reAztec ndiAcocoxóchitl, zvinoreva kuti "aquatic chubhu ruva". Nekuda kwemaruva awo akanaka, Dahlias zvirimwa zvinokosheswa zvakanyanya netsika dzeMexico, nekuda kweizvi, muna Gumiguru 12, 1995, iyo Mexican Dahlia Association kana Acocoxóchitl AC yakarongwa uye muna 2007, iyo National Dahlia Day yakagadzirwa. Sosaiti yeMexican Dahlias Society.
Chirimwa ichi chine shuga chaishandiswa pakurapa nevagari vekare vekuMexico kurapa varwere vepfari. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti muongororo ichangoburwa yakaitwa nemasaenzi vakaona kuti huturu hwehuga hunowanikwa mumachubhu inokurudzirwa kurapa zvirwere zvechirwere cheshuga.
Kutengeswa kwemaruva eDalias ibhizinesi repasi rose, iro maererano nedata rakapihwa kuNetherlands, kushambadzira kwayo kunounza purofiti inosvika mamirioni makumi mashanu emadhora pagore. Saka ndiro ruva rechipiri kunze kwenyika mushure meTulip rinova ruva rinodiwa zvikuru nemaDutch.
Mutungamiri Adolfo López Mateos musi waChivabvu 13, 1963, vakapa chirevo vachizivisa Dalia semumiriri weNational Floriculture, maererano nezvinotevera kufunga:
- Republic of Mexico ine maruva akasiyana-siyana emaruva ane hukuru hwekushongedza, floristic uye kukosha kwehupfumi, inoratidzira ruva reDahlia.
- Nekuda kwekunaka kwavo kukuru, maruva emuMexico, nekuda kwehunhu hwawo, akawana mukurumbira murudzi rweMexico uye kunze kwenyika, uye kunyanya maruva eDahlia.
- Nekuda kwekuyemura kwevaMexico kuruva reDahlias, chaive chikonzero chekuti imwe yemhando idzi izivikanwe nezita rekuti Dahlia Juárez, mukukudza Benemérito de las Américas, Don Benito Juárez.
Saizvozvowo, iyo Dahlia yakarongedzerwawo kuti igamuchire musiyano weruva renyika nemasangano akazvimiririra uye eruzhinji, akadai se: The Botanical Society yeMexico, bepanhau reExcelsior uye National Confederation of Floriculturists uye Nurserymen yeMexican Republic.
Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa neMexican Dahlia Association kana Acocoxochitl, AC (AMD), chirimwa cheDahlia chinorimwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzeMexico dzeMexico City, Tlaxcala, Nuevo León, Puebla uye State of Mexico. Kuratidza kuti chirimwa ichi chine hunhu hwekuumba midzi muchimiro chembatatisi, inogona kudyiwa uye ine mishonga yemishonga.
Parizvino Dahlias inorimwa muminda yeMexico kuti iwane zvidyarwa kubva kune iyo infusions inogadzirwa kubva kuzvidimbu zveDahlia tubers, izvo zviri kudiwa kudyiwa nevane chirwere cheshuga. Maruva emiti yeDahlias ane chimiro chezvitsauko, ane huwandu hukuru hwemapetali ayo mune mamwe marudzi uye marudzi anogona kusvika kupfuura mazana mashanu paruva, uye nehukuru hunosiyana pakati pe500 kusvika 6 centimita muhupamhi, hwemavara mazhinji akasiyana. kunyange mamwe emavara maviri kunze kwemavara ebhuruu negirinhi.
Kubva Nyamavhuvhu 4, 2007, zuva renyika reDahlia rinopembererwa muMexico, iyo AMD yakasimbisa kuyemura kwekunaka kunoshamisa kwemaruva eDahlia, yakazivikanwa neMexico nevarimi uye nzanga dzakasiyana kubva panguva yeNetzahualcóyotl neMoctezuma , uyo akarayira kuti iunganidzwe ndokudyarwa mumapindu eTezcutzingo neOaxtepec.
Apo vakundi veSpain vakawana Dahlias, vakawira murudo nerunako rwavo uye vakaunza mbeu, tubers nemiti kuEurope mukupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX uye, kunze kwemaruva ayo akanaka, chirimwa ichi chakasimudza kufarira kwemishonga uye chikafu chekudya. Zvisinei, kunaka kwemaruva ayo nemhando dzayo kwakagamuchirwa zvikuru nevaEurope uye vakatanga kukura mukondinendi yose, vagadziri vakuru vari mapindu eSpain, France, England, Holland, Belgium neSwitzerland.
Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekudzidza nezve hunhu hunoshamisa uye maitiro ekuzvichengeta, nekuverenga zvinotevera zvinyorwa: