Calas ndiwo maruva emiti yemiti inonzi herbaceous stem inozivikanwa nemamwe mazita akajairika kana emitauro yakadai se: mvura yemaruva, alcatraz, cartridge, pitcher flower nevamwe; zvichienderana nenharaunda iyo inogoverwa. Kuti tibatanidze mazita ose aya murudzi rwumwe chete tinogona kuidaidza nezita rayo resainzi Zantedeschia aethiopica. Imhando yerudzi rwekuAfrica uye parizvino yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya uye inoshandiswa zvishongo.
Hunhu hwemakovha
The Cove (Zantedeschia aethiopica) inozvarwa kuSouth Africa, chirimwa chine herbaceous chiri chemhuri yebotanical Araceae. Nokuda kwekunaka kwayo inoshandiswa ndiyo mhando yemhando Zantedeschia, yakawanda yakaparadzirwa kuti ishandiswe sechirimwa chekushongedza uye yakasikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Munharaunda yepakati nekuchamhembe kwekondinendi yeEurope vanoidaidza kuti colloquially "calla", kusiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzinoidaidza nezita remutauro rekuti alcatraz, "Ethiopia cove", "Ethiopia mhete", "ruva remvura", "calla lily" , "cartridge", "jug flower" nemamwe mazita.
Kunyange zvazvo chiri chirimwa chinokura musango munzvimbo dzinopisa, chirimwa chinokwanisa kumira nechando chiri pakati nepakati. Iwo anonzi chirimwa chemumvura nekuti anokura kumahombekombe kana kumahombekombe emitumbi yemvura, pasina kunyura murwizi kana mudhamu. Mamwe marudzi erudzi irworwo anokura sezvirimwa zvakadzika nezvinoyangarara.
Dzinde reCalla (Zantedeschia aethiopica) ihombe oblong rhizome, mashizha ayo akakura, anosvika paavhareji yehurefu hwemita imwe nehafu, zvinomera izvi zvinokura zvichiita mapoka akakora kana mirwi yemiti yeCalas. Iine basal mashizha, petiolate uye sagittate. Inosiyaniswa nemaruva ayo anoyevedza uye ekunze, pakutanga kwechirimo maruva eCalas anoitika uye maruva maviri kusvika matatu anozvarwa pagirobhu. Iyo ine nyore monoecious inflorescence, inoyera 2 masendimita kana kupfuura, calyx yayo yakarongedzwa muchimiro chefunnel uye ine erect spadix.
Ichi chirimwa chisingaperi chinomera gore rega rega, chinokura kumucheto kwemitumbi yemvura, saka kana chikarimwa chinofanirwa kupihwa mvura yakakwana panguva yehupenyu hwacho, kushanduka kwemvura kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nedanho. yehupenyu huri kufamba, ndiko kuti, munguva yemaruva inoda mvura yakawanda uye kana nguva yemaruva yapera, muwandu wemvura inodiwa ishoma.
Zita rayo re botanical re Zantedeschia aethiopica, Maererano nezvinyorwa zvakabvunzwa, kwakabva zita rejenasi hazvizivikanwi. Zantedeschia, vamwe vanyori vanotaura kuti izita romushandi waro Giovanni Zantedeschi, akararama pakati pemakore (1773-1846), uyo akanga ari nyanzvi yefizikisi uye nyanzvi yemiti. Saizvozvo, ivo vanoita kunze kwekuti zita racho rinobva kuna Francesco Zantedeschia (1798-1873), aivewo nyanzvi yefizikisi, botanist uye chiremba, iye pachake akanyora nezveruva reCala mugore ra1825.
Meaning of the coves
Zita rokuti "Cala" yezvipenyu (Zantedeschia aethiopica), ndiyo yakanyanya kupararira uko inorimwa sechirimwa chekushongedza. Izvo zvakafanana zvakatanga kushandiswa kubva panguva yeVictorian munharaunda yeEngland, riri zita rakapihwa chirimwa ichi uye rinowanikwa mubasa "Mutauro wemaruva" rakabudiswa muna 1879 uye rakanyorwa naMiss Corruthers weInverness, munyori akaita chinyorwa. Chirungu chebhuku rakanyorwa naAmai. Charlotte de la Tour yakanyorwa muna 1818 pasi pezita rokuti "Le Langage des Fleurs".
Izwi rokuti "Cala" rinobva muchiGiriki "kalos" rinoreva kuti rakanaka, maererano nechirevo ichi, mumutauro wemaruva, iri ruva reCala rinosanganiswa nechiratidzo che finesse uye elegance, iyo inomiririrawo runako uye kugadzikana. Mukubvumirana, vanyori vemabhuku vaibatana nemamwe manzwiro kana zvinangwa zvine chokuita nevadikani avo kuburikidza navo vakaratidza manzwiro avo, neCalas maruva kana mamwe marudzi ane maruva akanaka.
Mukuwedzera kune izvi zvinoreva, maruva eCalas akabatanidzwa nekuchena, tsitsi uye rombo rakanaka. Naizvozvo, paunopa maruva eCalas kana chirimwa, uri kuratidza kunzwira kwako tsitsi, kuyemura, kutendeseka kana kushuvira rombo rakanaka kumunhu anorigamuchira. Pasinei neruvara rweruva reCala ane chipo, ringave rakachena, dzvuku, pink, nekuti vese vane chirevo chakafanana, kusiyana nemamwe marudzi emiti, izvo zvinoreva zvinosiyana zvichienderana nemuvara wemaruva avo.
zvirimwa zve Zantedeschia aethiopica
Sezvo yakasikwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana kuti ishandiswe semiti yekushongedza, varimi vehorticultural vakagadzira michinjikwa yakawanda kuti vawane mahybrids, zvichiita kuti pave nemhando dzakawanda dzemiti yeCalas inobva mumhando imwe chete, kunyange zvazvo ichisiyana muruvara rwemaruva awo. . Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi: “Apple Court Babe”, “Childsiana”, “Gigantea”, “Glow”, “Marshmallow”, “Mr Sam”, “Pershore Fantasia”, “Whipped Cream”, “White Mischief”, pakati pemimwe. .
Kutarisirwa
Zvidyarwa zveCalas zvinogadzira dzinde rakaita serhizome rinokura rakachinjika uye kubva panobva midzi yakaoma uye yakawanda inokura. Kana iwe uchida kukura chirimwa cheCala kumba, unofanirwa kusarudza hari yakakura uye yakadzika, nekuti iyo semi-aquatic chirimwa, inogona kuchengetwa zvishoma yakanyura mumvura. Kana yakasimwa muhari, inogona kuiswa pamucheto wemakwara uye makona ane hunyoro hwakanaka huripo, apo chiedza chinosvika pairi zvisina kunanga.
Kurima Calas mubindu, unofanirwa kusarudza nzvimbo iyo chiedza chezuva chinosvika zvisina kunanga, ivhu rakadzika uye rine mvura yakanaka. Paunenge uchidyara, rhizome inofanira kuvigwa pakadzika zvigunwe zviviri kana zvitatu zvakadzika. Vanogonawo kukura padyo nekumucheto kwedziva mupoto uye chigadziko chepoto mumvura.
pasi mamiriro
Ivhu rakasimwa maCalas zviri nani rinofanira kunge riine porous, rakareruka uye rine mwando wakanyanya. Paunenge uchikura muhari, zvinokurudzirwa kusarudza substrate ine fetiraiza kana organic zvinhu uye, kana yakasimwa yakananga mubindu, zvinokurudzirwa kusanganisa ivhu rebindu nevhu rakagadzirwa kana peat. Miti yeCala musango inokura pedyo nemitumbi yemvura uye, nekuda kweizvi, ivhu rinofanira kunge riine unyoro hwakakwana uye zvakare rakanyoroveswa. Kana iwe uine dziva mubindu rako, Calla Lilies ndiwo chaiwo zvirimwa zvekudyara pamucheto waro.
Chiedza
Ichi chirimwa chiri nyore kudyara munzvimbo dzine mumvuri mudiki, kana paine hunyoro hwakanaka, Calas zvinomera zvinogadzirisa zvakanaka munzvimbo dzine zuva rakanaka. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa munzvimbo dzine tembiricha yakanyanya, chiedza uye yakaderera humidity. Muchiitiko chekurima Calas uye nzvimbo ine mumvuri wakawanda yakasarudzwa nokuda kwemuti, maruva ayo achave mashoma uye mashizha achave makuru, ayo kune vamwe vanhu angave akanaka. Tora izvi uchifunga kana iwe uchida mamwe maruva.
Temperatura
Callas, maruva emvura kana alcatraz, imhando yechirimwa inofarira zvishoma kudziya tembiricha, inosvika 14°C kusvika 20°C, inova ndiyo tembiricha yakakodzera pakukura zvirimwa zverudzi urwu. Chirimwa ichi chakanakisa chinogona kuramba tembiricha yakaderera iri pedyo ne0°C kana zvishoma zvishoma. Zvisinei, haimirire chando chakasimba. Munguva yechando, kana iwe uchifunga kuti kune njodzi yechando uye inogona kukanganisa chirimwa cheCala chakasimwa muhari, chinhu chakanakisisa chekuita ndechokuenda nayo kunzvimbo yakadzivirirwa kubva kumamiriro ezvinhu kusvikira mwaka washanduka.
Kudiridza
Icho chirimwa chinoda ivhu rakanyorova, nekuda kweizvi paunenge uchikura Calas unofanirwa kuchengeta substrate yakanyorova zvishoma munguva yezvinomera uye kana ichipinda mumwaka wemaruva inoda ivhu rakanyorova. Kana mwaka wematsutso wasvika uye maruva atosvava, zviri nyore kuderedza kuwanda kwekudiridza kusvikira yamiswa kana mwaka wechando wasvika. Kudiridza kunokurudzirwa kuti kutangezve kubva mumwaka wechirimo.
Fertilization
Fetereza kana kuti fetereza ine organic matter kana organic fertilizer inokurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe kutanga kwemwaka wechirimo kuitira kukurudzira kuumbwa kwenhungirwa dzezvinomera mumwaka wechirimo, mushure mekunge dzamborara mumwaka wechando. Munyaya yekutora mupfudze kana fetiraiza mune imwe imba yekutengeserana, iyo inoshandiswa zvirimwa zvemumvura inokurudzirwa. Kana iwe uchida kuzviita pamba, unogona kuzviita nechigadziko chevhu kubva mubindu, jecha, ivhu, peat uye organic compost.
Inokurudzirwawo kuisa fetereza mavhiki maviri ega ega kana mazuva gumi nemashanu muchikamu chekutumbuka, iyi fetiraiza kana fetiraiza ichamiswa mukuvhuvhuta, nekuti chirimwa chinodzoka kuzozorora mumwaka wechando. Fetereza inofanira kupa zvinotevera macroelements: nitrogen, phosphorus uye potassium (N, P, K), muzvikamu zvakafanana, uyewo microelements.
Callas Pruning
Calla zvinomera zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa maruva akasvava uye mashizha akaoma kana anorwiswa nezvipembenene kana kurwara. Mumwaka wekuvhuvhuta pakupera kwekutumbuka, chirimwa chinochekwa padyo nechepazasi pe rhizome yaro padanho repasi. Kana iwe uchida kuwedzera maruva, maruva anochekwa sezvaanosvava. Maruva anogona kuunganidzwa kugadzirira maruva emaruva, maruva emhando iyi (Zantedeschia aethiopica) Vanogara vari vapenyu kwemazuva akawanda vari muvhasi.
Paradzira
Calla zvinomera zvinoberekana pabonde uye sexually. Yekutanga kubva pakudyarwa kwembeu dzayo uye nzira yechipiri inoshanda zvakanyanya kune rudzi urwu rwemiti uye inoitwa nekuparadzanisa magirobhu matsva akamera uye anokura parhizome yavo. Izvi zvinokurudzirwa kuti zviitwe mumwaka wekudonha apo mashizha anotemwa pasi uye chirimwa chinogadzirirwa munguva yechando. Iyo yese rhizome inobviswa, chero mitsva mitsva kana nhungirwa inotemwa, uye chirimwa chinoiswa patsva.
Zvipembenene
Chirimwa chinoshingirira kuzvirwere, asi zvakadaro mashizha ayo ane nyama anodiwa zvakanyanya kune hozhwa uye tupukanana. Miti iyi dzimwe nguva inorwiswa nemaaphid.
Tsika
Vanhu vanofarira kurima gadheni vanogona kurima zvirimwa zveCalla mumapoto kana mubindu redzimba dzavo, vachigadzirira nzvimbo dzakafanana nemasikirwo. Calla maruva anogona kurimwa mumapoto ane organic medium nehunyanzvi horticulturists anotengeswa semiti yehari uye anogona kurimwa mukati kana kunze. Iwe unogona zvakare kudyara mukukura mapuranga ane organic kana inorganic medium kana uri kushanda ne hydroponics kurimwa maruva akachekwa.
Kurima muhari kana mubindu
Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza nzvimbo yekudyara kana kuti chiedza chepasi chine mvura yakanaka yekuchengetedza mvura, ine acidic pH pakati pe5,5 kusvika 6. Chimiro chetsika chinokurudzirwa kuva chakanyorova pasina kuva nemvura uye rhizomes yakasimwa inenge 5 centimita kure. Izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa, nekuti midzi yeCala inozvarwa pamusoro pe rhizome yobva yadzika.
Tembiricha inokurudzirwa inofanira kuva pakati pe20°C kusvika 25°C kuti chirimwa chibudise nhungirwa itsva. Inokurudzirwa kuiisa munzvimbo ine mumvuri uye kana yekudyara mapoto akati wandei anofanirwa kuparadzaniswa sezvo mashizha achikura. Sezvo mumasikirwo anoita semi-aquatic chirimwa, panguva yaunokura, unogona kusiya mvura yekudiridza mujinga rehari kwechinguva, kunyanya muzhizha.
Kana uchizodyara Callas mubindu: Calla zvinomera zvakakura muhari zvinogona kushandiswa kana iwe unogona zvakare kudyara rhizome zvakananga muvhu rebindu. Muchiitiko chekuti Cala inodyarwa muhari inosimwa, nzvimbo uye nzira yekugovera munzvimbo yakasarudzwa inosarudzwa. Pakudyara, maburi akaenzana nepoto paanenge adyarwa anovhurwa, nechinangwa chekuti kana abviswa muhari aenderane nemidzi yemidzi uye midzi isakanganiswe.
Muchiitiko chekudyara rhizomes zvakananga muvhu, zvidyare pakadzika 5 centimita. Ivhu rinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa nehunyoro hwakanaka kana ukadiridza ivhu. Chirimwa ichi chakakodzera kuchiisa muheji munzira kana mibhedha yemaruva uye nekuchiisa munzvimbo dzine mumvuri. Ivhu rakanaka kana rakapfuma mu humus, peat, jecha uye ivhu shoma, kuitira kuti rive nechiedza uye rinobata mvura.
Kurimwa kweNursery
Kurimwa kweCala mukireshi nenyanzvi, nhanho dzese dzinoitwa padanho reindasitiri: kusarudzwa kweiyo varietal zvinhu, huwandu hwekudyara, substrate kana yakakodzera tsika tsika yezvidyarwa izvi, kudiridza mechanized, fertilization, kutonga kwemamiriro ekunze: tembiricha, mwando kwezvakatipoteredza, kufefetedza uye kupenya.
Zvidyarwa zvakasimwa mumidziyo zvakasimwa muhari dzakanyorova, dzine mavara, dzine mavara anoyevedza panguva yekutengesa. Kusimwa kweCalas (Zantedeschia aethiopica), Kunorongwa nechinangwa chokuti zvinhu zvikudzwe panguva dzakasiyana dzegore. Kana vakarikura seruva rakachekwa, vanoiswa pamabhenji ane organic substrate kana kukura svikiro kana mune inorganic substrate ine perlite kana ukashanda neiyo hydroponic kurima nzira.
Nyanzvi dzehorticulturists dzichasarudza marudzi akasiyana emhando Zantedeschia aethiopica, maererano nechidzidzo chemusika chakaitwa uye chinangwa chehuwandu kwavanonangidzirwa. Kune zvirimwa zveCala zvakadyarwa muhari, marudzi ane maruva akasarudzika anosarudzwa, ayo anokura nenzira inowirirana kureba kwemashizha awo uye kureba kwemavara awo emaruva. Kumiti yemaruva akachekwa, sarudza marudzi ane dzinde remaruva marefu anogona kushandiswa kugadzira maruva.
Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga zvinyorwa nezve iyo inoshamisa hunhu uye dzidza kuifarira sezvaunodzidza zvakawanda nezvazvo: