Substrates for Plants
Chokutanga pane zvose, zvinogona kutsanangurwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvirimwa zvegreenhouse, sezvo zvichibatsira zvirimwa kugadzirisa mvura uye kupa chimwe chinhu kuti midzi ibate pairi kuti chigadzikane. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuwanda kwekusiyana kwechinhu ichi, kusarudza yakanakisa sarudzo yebindu kunogona kuve kwakaoma.
Kunzwisisa kuumbwa kwavo, mabasa, uye kushandiswa kwakagadzirirwa kunogona kuita kuti sarudzo ive nyore. Ndeapi mabasa e substrates? Masubstrates ezvirimwa anoshandiswa kuchengetedza mvura uye zvinovaka muviri, inzvimbo yekutsinhana gasi uye kudya kunovaka muviri, uye inoshandawo sezvitsigiso zvemidzi yechirimwa.
Uhu hunhu hwemuviri hune chinhu chakakosha ichi kune zvirimwa zvese zvinotsanangurwa nezvikamu zvinoshandiswa uye kuvapo kwavo muchinhu chinoshandiswa. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti izvi zvinoguma zviito hazvienderane nekubatanidzwa kwakakwana kwezvigadzirwa. Pazasi, isu tichatanga kukuratidzai zvikamu izvo zvinoshandiswa kugadzira inokura midhiya uye isu tichaisa pfungwa pazvinhu zveiyo inokura midhiya kuitira kuti iwe usarudze chakanakira chirimwa chirimwa midhiya yebindu.
Zvikamu zvezvirimwa substrates
Izvi zvinogona kuva organic kana inorganic, chimwe nechimwe chazvo chichava nechayo chekuchengetedza mvura, saka iwe uchawana zvigadzirwa zvinochengeta mvura pamusoro pavo, vamwe mukati mechimiro chavo, asi vamwe vanova nezvakawanda kana zvishoma kugona kuichengeta. Ndokumbira utarise kuti huwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura uye chimiro chechimiro cheimwe mhando yechinhu chinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekuti inobva kupi uye kuti inogadziriswa sei. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune peat.
Muchiitiko ichi, inogona kuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura yakakura kudarika uremu hwayo. Zvisinei, kana ichigadziriswa, kuchengetwa kunogona kuderedzwa nehafu, uyewo mhepo yemhepo inoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Paunosanganisa zvigadzirwa zvauchazoshandisa sehwaro hwekukura kwako, zvinhu zvacho zvinofanirwa kuve zvakasimba kugadzira zvemhando yepamusoro zvechirimwa substrates. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuumbwa, kemikari uye hunhu hwezvinhu zvauri kushandisa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti chigadzirwa musanganiswa waunogadzira unopindirana kubva pabatch kuenda kune batch.
Zvivakwa zve substrates yezvirimwa
Kunyangwe pari zvino kune akati wandei mabasa anobvumira kuongororwa kwehunhu hwemuviri hwema substrates ezvirimwa, kazhinji ese akavakirwa pazviyero zvitatu zvikuru, zvinoti: chekutanga chiyero chehuwandu (huremu pavhoriyamu), kozoti simba rekuchengetedza mvura. (yakaenzana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemvura inowanikwa muchirimwa mushure mekunge substrate yashandiswa) uye pakupedzisira, aeration (iyo ndiyo chiyero chehuwandu hwenzvimbo yeporous iyo mhepo inowanikwa mushure me substrate drainage).
Kune chikamu chikuru, zvigadzirwa zvinokura zvepakati zvinoratidzira zvakaderera muhuwandu sezvo ivo vanonyanya kugadzirwa kubva ku sphagnum peat uye vanogona kuchengetedza huwandu hwemvura. Nepo bark-based substrates zvigadzirwa zvinorema, zvakakodzera uko kukwirisa mvura uye kugadzikana kwepoto kunodiwa. Zvese zvigadzirwa zvinowanzove neaeration yakanaka, iri pakati pe10-18% nehuwandu pane akawanda substrates.
Nezve makemikari ehupfumi, zviyero zviviri zvakakosha zvinogona kutaurwa: pH uye EC (electric conductivity). PH ndiko kutara chiyero cheasidhi kana hwaro hwechinhu kana mhinduro. Kuverenga kweEC kunoyera kugona kwemhinduro yevhu kuitisa magetsi uye chiratidzo chehuwandu hwekudya kunowanikwa kunogona kutorwa nezvirimwa. Pakukura midhiya, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakajairwa, iyo yakakodzera pH renji i5.2-6.2 uye chinangwa chiri 5.8 pakuzara. Iyo inodiwa EC yezvese chinangwa substrates iri pakati pe1.0 ne2.0 mmhos/cm.
Pakumera kwembeu uye midzi yekucheka, iyo inodiwa pH range ichadzikira zvishoma, pakati pe5.0 ne6.0, uye saturation tarisiro ichave 5.6. Iyi pH range yakadzikira zvishoma, sezvo pH inowanzowedzera panguva yekushandiswa nekuda kwekushomeka kwefetireza yekuisa uye alkalinity yemvura yekudiridzira kubva mukupfapfaidza nguva dzose. Iyo inodiwa EC substrate yekumera uye kuparadzira iri pakati pe0,5 ne1,1 mmhos/cm. Mazhinji media ezvekutengeserana pH yakagadziridzwa necalcitic kana dolomitic limestone uye ine yakaringana yekutanga fetiraiza yekubatsira zvirimwa kuti zvienderane mushure mekudyara.
Kazhinji, zvinokurudzirwa kutanga kubereka apo mashizha matsva nemidzi zvinoonekwa pachirimwa. Kuwanda kwefotereza nenguva yekushandiswa kunoenderana nerudzi rwechirimwa, danho rekukura, kukura kwegaba, uye paunowedzera mvura iwe pachako. Ndokumbira utarise kuti zvimwe zvezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kugadzira substrates zvinogona kunge zvine mamineral salt akadai sekokonati. Inokurudzirwa kushambidza kokonati zvakakwana usati washandisa kuderedza zvingangoita mazinga emunyu uye kudya. Izvi zvinoshandawo kune bark, sezvo kukura uye composting inogona kusunungura zvisingadiwi.
Substrate Types
Paunosarudza substrate yezvirimwa, iwe zvechokwadi uchawana zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvichienderana nezvauri kutsvaga, iwe unozogona kusarudza kuti ndeipi yekuwana yekugadzirisa kwakaringana humidity mazinga anodiwa nezvirimwa. Mumapoinzi anotevera, tichataura mhando dzema substrates ezvirimwa zviripo zvinoenderana nebasa razvo, ndiko kuti, kuchengetedza mvura, yedhiraivha uye kutenderera kwemhepo, pamwe neayo ari inorganic.
kuchengetedza mvura
Ivhu: Izvi ndizvo zvinogona kunzi "ivhu." Musanganiswa wezvinhu zvipenyu (zvipenyu kana zvakafa), zvicherwa, gasi, nemvura. Zvinopa rutsigiro rwakafanana nedzimwe substrates dzinochengeta mvura, zvinopa rutsigiro kumiti, uye zvinobatsira kudzora mvura, zvinovaka muviri, nemhepo. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwe substrate ndeimwe yedzinonyanya kurema kumiti uye dzingasapa kutenderera kwemhepo kwakafanana nedzimwe nzira.
Moss yepeat: Iyi moss yeorganic ine pH yakaderera, iyo yakakodzera zvirimwa zvinoda acid. Yakagadzirwa zvakanyanya nemoss yakafa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoora. Moss yepeat chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa mumisanganiswa yehari yakatogadzirwa kare. I substrate yakareruka inogona kuchengetedza huremu hwayo mumvura (uye zvinovaka muviri zvinonyungudika kana fetiraiza). Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezve peat moss, unogona kutarisa link inotevera pamusoro pemhando dze peat substrates.
Sezvo ichichengetedza nyore nyore huwandu hwemvura, hazvina kunaka kuishandisa wega. Kuita izvi kunogona kuchengetedza mvura yakawandisa kutenderedza midzi uye kutungamirira kumidzi kuora (iyo, kana isina kubatwa nekukurumidza, inogona kududzira kufa nekukurumidza kwechirimwa chako).
Pane kudaro, peat inowanzosanganiswa nemamwe ma substrates kuenzanisa basa iri neaeration, iyo ichapa mamiriro ari nani. Nekudaro, pane kukakavara pamusoro pekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekushandisa peat uye kukohwa. Inobudisa carbon dioxide, gasi rinopisa, mumhoteredzo. Kukohwewa kwepeat nechinangwa chekurima kunodawo kubviswa kwepeat mhenyu kuti isvike kune yakafa peat pazasi. Tichifunga kuti peat inononoka kukura sosi, nzira iyi haina kusimba.
Faibha yekokonati: inozivikanwawo se "coconut peat," faibha yekokonati inoonekwa seimwe nzira inogara iripo panzvimbo peat. Yakagadzirwa nefaibha yekokonati yakagadziriswa, inopa kunzwa kwakareruka kwakafanana nepeat inotevedzera. Zvisinei, haina simba, saka haipe zvirimwa zvinovaka muviri zvakafanana nepeat nevhu. Kunyange zvazvo ichida zvinovaka muviri, inopa mhepo yakanaka uye kuchengetedza mvura.
Makokonati: imwe nzira inowanzoshandiswa, kunyanya pakati pevarimi vemaaroid. Anochengetedza hunyoro hwakawanda ari ega, asi kana akasasanganiswa neimwe substrate, anoda kudzorerwa mvura mumuviri kakawanda. Nekuda kwechimiro chawo chakakombama, anopa midzi yemiti nzvimbo yakanaka yekusimbisa uye kuwedzera mhepo. Kufanana necoco coir, isubstrate isina simba, saka zvinovaka muviri zvinoda kuwedzerwa kuti zvitsigire kukura kwezvirimwa zvine hutano.
Sphagnum moss: Iyi inobva pamuti mumwe chete nesphagnum peat. Kunyange zvazvo peat iri chikamu chakafa chechinhu chinowanikwa pasi pemuti uri mupenyu mumadhaka, sphagnum moss ndiyo chikamu chepamusoro (kureva, chirimwa chiri mupenyu pachacho). Kana ukaiwana muchitoro, inowanzo oma uye yakacheneswa. Inopfava, saka inokurudzira kufamba kwemhepo, uye sphagnum yepamusoro inouya mumatanda marefu akaiswa mumabhuroko akamanikidzwa.
Kana yakanyura mumvura, inochengeta huwandu husingadaviriki hwemvura, uye kunyangwe ikadhindwa, inochengeta hunyoro kwenguva yakareba. Nekuda kwekunonoka kwayo kukura, inoonekwa seyakaganhurwa sosi. Sezvinobvira, shandisazve sphagnum moss chero isati yamboshandiswa kune chirimwa chine hutachiona. Naizvozvo, funga kuti iyi mhando yemiti yakasvibiswa inogona kubikwa mu microwave kuti iite sterilizer zvakare.
Yekudhonza uye kutenderera kwemhepo
Makwati eOrchid inzvimbo yakaoma, inowanzova yakaoma, inoisa mvura muhari inoita kuti mvura nemhepo zvisvike nyore nyore pamidzi yemuti. Inoshandiswa nguva dzose kumaorchid nedzimwe miti ye epiphyte, asi inogonawo kushandiswa kune mimwe miti yemunzvimbo dzinopisa inobatsirwa nemisanganiswa inobvisa mvura zvakanaka. Makwati anogona kubva kumarudzi akasiyana emiti, zvichienderana nedunhu rako kana kuti kambani inowana kupi makwati awo. Kazhinji, makwati anobva kumiti yemipaini kana mimwe miti yehuni.
Marasha: Iyi imhando inobatsirawo yevhu rezvirimwa pakuvandudza kuyerera kwemvura mune chero rudzi rwezvirimwa zvinokura. Yeuka kuti rine kabhoni isingashande uye hariori semakwati, zvichiita kuti rive rakanaka pakuchengetedza musanganiswa nevhu rakareruka uye kudzivirira kuti risagovane nekufamba kwenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, kupinza kwayo kuri pakati nepakati kunobatsira kuchengetedza mvura ukuwo kuchibatsirawo kunwa zvinovaka muviri.
Perlite: Inowanikwa muzvitoro zvakawanda uye inowanzo shandiswa mumisanganiswa yemidziyo yezvirimwa zvinorimwa mumidziyo. Ichinhu cheorganic (girazi rinoputika) chinopiswa kusvika patembiricha chaiyo, zvichiita kuti chikure. Chinhu chakawedzerwa chine nzvimbo diki mukati mayo dzinobatsira kuchengetedza mvura yakawanda ukuwo dzichiburitsa mvura. Haipe zvinovaka muviri, saka kazhinji haishandiswi yoga asi sechinogadzirisa mimwe midziyo yemidziyo yemidziyo.
Kunyangwe perlite chiri chikamu chikuru cheimba yekumisikidza hobbyist's arsenal yezvekushandisa, ini ndinovenga kuishandisa. Iyo yakatetepa uye yakasindimara perlite mabheti paimba yangu yekutandarira pasi anoputsika nyore kuita hupfu kana akatsikwa. Nemhaka yekuti yakareruka, inowanzokwira kumusoro kwe substrate nekufamba kwenguva. Ishoma perlite yakagovaniswa mupoto yese uye substrate inotungamira kune compaction (uye kushoma kuyerera kwemhepo) mumutsara.
Vermiculite: Iyi yakagadzirwa nesimbi yakapfava uye inokurawo kana ichipisa. Kana ikaiswa mumvura, inokura seaccordion uye inochengetedza mvura yakawanda kupfuura perlite. Rudzi urwu rwesubstrate yemiti runobatsira kana zvirimwa zvako zvichida substrate ine hunyoro hunogara huchibatsira kudzora mvura nezvinovaka muviri. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kufunga usati watenga rudzi urwu rwesubstrate yemiti kuti haibudisi mvura yakawanda semamwe ma media.
Inorganic Substrates
LECA: dzimwe nguva inonzi "hydroton" muzvitoro zvehydroponic, uye inozivikanwa zvakanyanya se "coco puffs" nekuda kwechitarisiko chayo. Inowanzo kuwanikwa iri mabhora ebrown akapfava, ane maburi, kunyangwe ichigonawo kuve neruvara rwakakora rwegrey kana beige. Inogadzirwa nekushandisa kupisa kuwedzera ivhu. Senzvimbo yekukura isina simba, LECA inoda zvinovaka muviri zvinonyungudika kuti zvirimwa zvako zvikure zvakanaka.
Zvisinei, homwe dzayo dzakanaka dzinobvumira kutorwa kwemvura iyo midzi ichatora sezvinodiwa. Uye nekuda kwekuvakwa kwayo kwakashata, inopa kutenderera kwemhepo kana yakashandiswa nemazvo. Sezvo isina ivhu, unogona kuona zviri nyore hutano hwechirimwa chako midzi. Kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvine organic zvinoodza moyo zvipembenene zvakajairika, izvo zvinobatsira. Sechinyorwa chepadivi, sezvo zvivakwa zvehydro zvinoshandisa LECA zvichigara zvakanyorova, pane kushomeka kwekufungidzira kana zvasvika pakudiridza.
PON: Iyi mhando inozivikanwa, inozivikanwa se "Lechuza-Pon," ndeimwe mhando yenzvimbo yekurima isina organic inoumbwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira lava rock, pumice, uye zeolite (iyo inoumbwa nesilicon nealuminium compounds, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu). Kufanana nerudzi rwekare, haishandisi ivhu uye inovimba ne passive capillary action kuchengetedza nekutungamira mvura kumidzi yemiti sezvinodiwa. Zvisinei, inodawo chiwedzerwa chezvinovaka muviri sezvo iri substrate isina simba. Substrate iyi inopa mhepo, mvura inodzorwa, uye mvura yakakwana.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa ichi nezve Yakasiyana Substrates yeZvirimwa, tinokukoka iwe kuti uverenge zvimwe zvinyorwa zvine misoro yekufarira mune anotevera malink:
