Chimiro chaicho cheNyika Ndiyo imwe yenyaya dziri kutaurwa zvakanyanya mazuva ano. Pamwe takanzwa kuti Nyika yakati sandara, ine nharo uye kuyedza kuratidza nehumbowo hunopesana nezvatakadzidza. Asi, kwechinguva ikozvino, chimiro chePasi kana geoid pamwe haina kutenderera zvachose sezvatakaratidzwa, asi panzvimbo pezvo. Iine chimiro chakatenderedzwa uye chisina kukwana.
Izita "geoid" yakatonzi ndeyePasi senyeredzi ine chimiro chakati denderedzwa. Ndiko kuti, nekuda kwemhedzisiro ye centrifugal simba uye gravitation, zvinogona kutopera kugumiswa kuti chimiro chayo chinouya iva wakaurungana, asi nemapango ayo maviri akamwerera. Kureva kuti zvaizoguma zvavepo zvakapeperetswa namatanda uye yakafara munzvimbo ye equator, dzidziso yakanga yatofanotaurwa naIsaac Newton.
Chimiro chaicho chepasi redu munhoroondo yose
Paul Newton mukati mavo"chikuru” Mukati megore ra1687, akatoita ongororo yake pachake: akatenderedza muviri unooneka nokukurumidza mumvura yekemikari. Zvakaguma nei? Zvichipa simba rayo rinokwevera uye centrifugal simba, zvakatemwa kuti polar flattening yakagadzirwa uye kuwedzera kwe equatorial. Chiyedzo ichi chakakodzera kuoneswa ne Domenico naJacques Cassini, uyo akatsunga kuti dzidziso iyi yakasimbiswa.
Nekudaro, kumwe kutsvagurudza kunosimbisa kuti yedu Planet Earth ine denderedzwa uye haina kukwana, asi isina kurongeka.. Inotemerwa kuti ine geoid chimiro uye ine zvakawanda zvisirizvo. Izvi zvisizvo zvinotorwa sechirevo che kusiyana kwepasi uye kutsauka, zvakadai sekukwirira kwe8.800 paMount Everest uye -11.000 mamita eMariana Trenches. Kana kutsauka kweiyo geoid pakati pe +85 m muIceland kusvika -106 m muSouth India.
Zvese zvinoratidza kuti, kana gungwa raigara rakatsikitsira uye risina kukanganiswa nemafungu, mafungu kana mamiriro ekunze, akati gungwa richagadzira chimiro che geoid. Kunyangwe kana nyika yekondinendi yakafambwa nemigero kana migero kuti ienzanise gungwa, yaizoenderanawo nechimiro che geoid.
Planet Earth yakaita sepear here?
Kwemakore kwave kune dzidziso yekuti nyika yakaita pear. Yakabuda iine data rekutanga rakatorwa kubva kumasatelliti ekugadzira aiona nguva nenguva orbital nzendo. Ne data idzi, zvinoonekwa kuti zviripo kuora mwoyo kuSouth Pole uye bundu redhigirii rimwe chete kuNorth Pole.
- Netsananguro iyi, inotsigirwa nedzidziso yekuti South Pole inoumbwa nekuora mwoyo uye kuti North Pole ine bulge.
- Zvinoitwawo nharo kuti maodzanyemba epakati-latitudes akati sandarara zvishoma, uye kuti maodzanyemba epakati-latitudes achange achitubuka.
- Iyo Vanquard 1 satellite inosimbisa kuti pane equatorial bulge kumaodzanyemba, mukuru kwazvo kupfuura wokumusoro.
Nezvivakwa izvi zvakatorwa, zvinogona kutsigirwa izvo nyika yakaita pear, chimwe chinhu chakasimbiswa kare Christopher Columbus, sezvo akavakira nhevedzano yokurava yairatidzika kuva isina kururama uye iyo yakanga isingawirirani nokufamba kwezuva nezuva kweNyeredzi yoKumaodzanyemba.
Chitarisiko cheNyika chiri kuramba chichichinja
Kunyange zvazvo masatellite anoedza kutora data chaiyo, zvakadaro haigone kusimbisa zviyero chaizvo kana mapfuti, sezvo mapikicha asina kukwana enyika achiendeswa. Setiraiti haigoni kutora chero chinhu chinopfuura chikamu chidiki chepasi redu.
Zvinonzi Musoro weNyika hauna nzvimbo yakagara, sezvo pasi redu rakaumbwa ne71% yemvura uye zvakaoma kusimbisa kuti inodzorwa. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvenyaya yacho, unogona kubvunza zvimiro zvePasi.
Zvinoenderana nedata rakapihwa ne United States National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration, Ivo vanobatanidzwa mukusimbisa kuti nzvimbo yepasi inogara ichichinja.
Izvi zvinoitika nekuti masaisai, ayo akanganiswa neMwedzi, anokonzera mvura nepamusoro hazvipi chimiro chakadzorwa. Kunyangwe National Geographic yakaratidza kuti tectonic mafambiro anoshandurawo nzvimbo yePasi. Kufanana nekuputika kwemakomo kana kukuvara kunokonzerwa nemeteorite kukanganisa.
Chimiro cheNyika muNhoroondo yedu yose, Ko masayendisiti akati chii?
Bhaibheri zvino Inotsanangura mumitsara yayo kuti Nyika idenderedzwa. Rondedzero yacho inocherekedzwa mumuporofita wechiHebheru Isaya, kana tichitaura nezve "Circle of the Earth", mutsara watinoshandura se "kutenderera kwePasi" kana se "nyika".
In the Budiriro yeRoma, Hellenic zvipupuriro zvesayenzi zvakatoitwa, pakati pezvinyorwa zveCicero naPliny Mukuru, zvichisimbisa kutenderera kweNyika.
Parmenides akanga ari wokutanga kugamuchira ukuru hwapasi, sezvo iye anonyaradzwa nemiedzo yakasiana-siana nemimwe inopiwa na Aristotle en Kubva kuCaelo. Kupfuurirazve, kunomisikidzwa mumirangariro yakanzverwa yomuzivi ari wose akakomba kana kuti nyanzvi yoruzivo rwemitumbi yomudenga, sezvo pasina akapanikira kuti pasi ibhora.
In the uzivi hwechiGiriki muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC. C. geocentrism inodzivirirwa zvakare, ichidzivirira sphericity yePasi. Vazhinji vevanhu vanozivikanwa sa Aetius, Thales, Hesiod, Anaximander, Pythagoras kana Diogenes Laertius. Vakashuma uye vakaratidza nezvidzidzo zvavo kuti pasi rakanga rakaita denderedzwa.
Aristotle Akaita zvakati wandei kutsigira pfungwa iyi. Akataura kuti vafambi vaifamba vachienda kumaodzanyemba vakacherechedza kuti mapoka enyeredzi okumaodzanyemba aikwira kumusoro.
Mamwe data anosimbisa dzidziso yake ndeyekuti panguva ye kuora kwemwedzi, inogona kuonekwa kuti mumvuri wePasi, unoparidzirwa pamusoro peMwedzi, une chimiro chakatenderera. Kunyangwe iyo chikamu chese chePasi chinotarisa pakati uye chinoumba denderedzwa nekumanikidzana uye kusangana, sezvinoita madonhwe emvura.
Eratostones akaitawo a kuyerwa kunoshamisa kwedenderedzwa rePasi. Kuverenga uku kwakatorwa na kuona panguva yezhizha solstice, munzvimbo yeAswan, sezvo akaona kuti pakanga pasina mumvuri pedyo nenzvimbo iyoyo. Akaisa rutanda muArekizandiria akayera mumvuri waro, achibva atara nhambwe yaiva pakati pamaguta maviri. Ne data iyi, akakwanisa kusimbisa denderedzwa, iro makiromita 39.275 zvichienzaniswa neazvino 40.000 makiromita.
