Mafashamu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinowanzoitika pasi rose, munzvimbo dziri mumahombekombe egungwa nemumaguta ane mvura zhinji pedyo nawo.Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura kuti mafashamo chii, ndeapi marudzi pamwe chete nemaitiro awo. Tinokukumbira kuti urambe uchiverenga.
Chii chinonzi Mafashamo uye nemhando dzawo
Mafashamo kufashamira kwemvura inowanzonyudza pasi pakaoma. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti ivo ndivo chinhu chikuru chekuferefetwa kwebazi rinozivikanwa resainzi rinonzi hydrology. Aya ndiwo akajairika uye akapararira echisikigo akashata mamiriro ekunze. Mafashamo anogona kutaridzika zvakasiyana zvakanyanya nekuti anovhara chero kubva pamainji mashoma emvura kusvika kune akati wandei tsoka. Vanogonawo kuuya nekukurumidza kana kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Kuti upindure zvirinani mubvunzo Chii chinonzi mafashamo?, zvakakosha kutsanangura marudzi chaiwo aripo.
mafashamo enzizi
Mafashamo erwizi anoitika kana mwero wemvura wakwira pamusoro pemahombekombe arwo. Mafashamo aya anogona kuitika munzizi dzese nemakova. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvose kubva kuhova duku kusvika kunzizi huru munyika yose. Zvikonzero zvemafashamu emhando iyi zvinosanganisira: kunaya kwemvura yakawandisa kubva kumhepo dzinopisa dzinoita kuti kunaya, mabhanan’ana anoramba ari panzvimbo imwe kwenguva yakareba, mvura yakasanganiswa uye kunyungudika kwechando, uye chando chakanyanya.
Kufashukira kwenzizi kunogona kuerekana kana kunonoka. Zviitiko zvemafashamo enzizi zvinowanzoitika munzizi diki, nzizi dzine mipata ine materu, nzizi dzinoyerera pamusoro penzvimbo isingapindiki kwehurefu hwadzo, uye kazhinji migero yakaoma. Kune rimwe divi, mafashamo enzizi anowanzoitika munzizi huru dzine mabheseni makuru emvura. Kana wanga usingazivi, dhishi remvura inzvimbo inonaya mvura inonaya yopinda mumugero wakajairika.
dutu remhepo
Uku kukwira kwakanyanya kwemvura munzvimbo dzemahombekombe pamusoro pemafungu enguva dzose. Pamusoro pezvo, inogara iri mhedzisiro yemadutu emamiriro ekunze ayo anokonzeresa mafungu emvura akajairwa pamahombekombe. Kune zvikamu zvitatu zvedutu zvinogadzira kuzvimba uku: mhepo, masaisai, uye kuderera kwemhepo. Nenzira iyi, inzira ine ngozi zvikuru yemafashamo, sezvo anogona kukurumidza kukanganisa nzvimbo huru dzemahombekombe panguva imwe chete.
Kunyanya mafashamo kunoitika kana dutu remhepo richiitika panguva imwechete semvura zhinji. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera mafungu emvura anodarika 60 metres. Nyanzvi dzemamiriro ekunze dzinogara dzichisimbisa kuti kuvhuvhuta kwedutu ndiko kune ngozi zvakanyanya pane chero nzvimbo dzinopisa. Inomiririra ngozi huru kuupenyu nezvinhu. Munguva yakapfuura, yakaona migumisiro inoparadza yokunaya kwedutu. Somuenzaniso, dutu remhepo rakauraya vanhu vanopfuura 1.500 XNUMX pakaitika dutu rinonzi Hurricane Katrina.
Continental Mafashamo
Mafashamu emhando iyi anoitika mumaguta kana mukati menyika anokonzerwa nekunaya kwemvura kwemazuva akati wandei kana kunaya kwenguva pfupi asi yakanyanya. Inogonawo kukonzerwa nekunyunguduka kwechando kana nzira dzemvura dzakavharwa nemarara. Nokuda kwezvikonzero izvi, chiitiko ichi chinowanzoitika chinowedzera kuipa mumaguta asina kukwana kana kuderera kwesuweji yetsvina, kuitira kuti mvura iungane kana isingagoni kuyerera. Naizvozvo, ivo vanowedzera kuipa nekuda kwemigwagwa isina kugadzirwa zvakakwana uye kushomeka kwegirinhi nzvimbo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Mafashamo anopenya
Aya mafashama anopenya anonyanya kugadzirwa nemvura ine simba rakanyanyisa inoitika mukati meawa isingasviki 6, ichiperekedzwa nemadutu emagetsi ane njodzi, kunyangwe ichigonawo kuitika panguva yekupwanya kwemadhiki, kana nekuvharwa kweaizi inoburitsa huwandu hwemvura. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, masangano emamiriro ekunze anogona zvisinei kuti angangove nekuitika kwerudzi urwu rwechiitiko kuburikidza nemafambiro ekunaya kwemvura uye mwaka wekunaya kwemvura, uye kusvika pamwero unobvira, gadzira zviziviso zvakakodzera.
Izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kuti rudzi urwu rwechiitiko chakasimba zvekukonzeresa matombo makuru, kudzura miti, kuparadza zvivakwa zvemarudzi ese, pamwe nekuchinja zvakanyanya nzizi, nzira dzepasi, pakati pedzimwe nzvimbo, kuparadza zvese zviri munzira, zvichipihwa. kuyerera kukuru kwemvura inogona kuvhara zvachose nzvimbo dzekugara uye dzekutengeserana.
Zvikonzero Zvemafashamo
Pane zvakawanda zvinokonzeresa zvinoburitsa marudzi akasiyana emafashama, sezvingataurwa kubva pazviratidzo zvemhando dzawo, asi zviri nyore kuzvitsanangura sezvo zvichidikanwa kubata ruzivo rwese rwuripo kuti ungwarire nekuchengetedza hupenyu, kunyanya. Ndiko kusaka kunaya kwemvura zhinji kuchitaurwa pakutanga sechikonzero chinowanzoitika, nekuti kana yakanaya zvakanyanya kana kuti ikaitika nekukurumidza, hapana kwekuenda. Izvi zvinogona kuguma nemafashama.
Nekune rimwe divi, nzizi nemadhamu ari kufashukira ndiko kwakabva matambudziko emvura aya. Zvakadaro, mvura haifanire kunaya zvakanyanya kuti iwane mafashamo enzizi, asi zvinogona kuitika kana paine marara murwizi kana madhamu anovharira kuyerera kwemvura. Nekune rimwe divi, chimwe chikonzero kuparara kwedhamu, sezvo zvivakwa zvekare zvichitadza kuparara kana mvura yanaya yakawanda uye mvura ichikwira. Kana madhamu apwanyika, anoregedzera nzizi dzemvura kudzimba dzinenge dzisingazivi.
Madutu nematsunami anokonzerawo mafashamu aya. Madutu anokonzerwa nechamupupuri nezvimwe zvinopisa zvinogona kukonzera kuti gungwa rikwire uye kufukidza kazhinji nzvimbo dzakaoma dzemahombekombe dzakadzika mamita akati wandei. Ukuwo, tsunami masaisai makuru anokonzerwa nokudengenyeka kwenyika kana kuputika kwemakomo ari pasi pemvura. Sezvo masaisai aya anofamba munyika, anowedzera kureba uye anogona kusundira mvura zhinji mukati menyika munzvimbo dziri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa.
Migero ine madziro emawere ndiyo inokonzerawo mafashamo. Mafashamo anowanzo kuitika kana kuine mvura inokurumidza kuyerera mumadziva, nzizi, uye mamwe matsime emvura. Kushaikwa kwezvinomera kunogona kukonzera mafashama, zvikasadaro zvinogona kubatsira kunonotsa chiitiko ichi. Kune rumwe rutivi, kunyunguduka kwechando nechando chimwe chikonzero chinowanzokonzera mafashamo, nokuti kana yakawanda yechando kana chando ichinyunguduka nokukurumidza, kazhinji haina kwekuenda kunze kwenzvimbo dzakaderera.
Ndeapi Migumisiro Yemafashamo
Pasinei nokuti chii chakakonzera mafashamo, anogona kuva nemigumisiro inoparadza munharaunda yako. Kutaura zvazviri, mafashamo ane ngozi dzakawanda. Mukuwedzera kune ngozi yomuviri, mafashamo anopawo zvinetso zvoupfumi nenzanga. Mhedzisiro yakakomba yemafashamo rufu. Kutaura zvazviri, mafashamo ndiwo ari kukonzera rufu mumamiriro ekunze akaipa. Mafashamo akauraya zviuru zvavanhu munhau yose.
Mafashamo anokonzerawo kukuvadzwa kwezvinhu, kusanganisira motokari nezvivako, nokuputitsa mahwindo, magonhi anotsvaira, madziro anoora uye nheyo, uye kutakura ungwandangwanda nokukurumidza. Tisingarevi fenicha nezvinhu zviri mumba kana bhizinesi zvinokuvadzwa kana mafashama apinda. Zvakare, kukanganisa kwehupfumi hwemafashamo kunogona kukanganisa nharaunda, nekuda kwekukuvadzwa uye kukanganisa kune nhare dzekutaurirana, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, migwagwa nemabhiriji, pakati pezvimwe.
Izvi zvinomisa mabasa ekutengeserana munharaunda. Mafashamo makuru anowanzo kukonzera kukanganisa uye kusashanda kwehupenyu hwemazuva ose mushure mekunge mafashamo apera. Mafashamo anokanganisa kukura kwehupfumi nebudiriro nekuda kwemutengo wakakwira wekuyamura uye kudzoreredza kunoenderana nemafashama. Munzvimbo dzinogara dzakazara nemafashama, kuisirwa mari muzvivakwa uye mamwe mabasa akagadziridzwa kashoma. Pamusoro pezvo, chiitiko ichi chinogona kuunza kushushikana kusingaperi uye kuunza mhedzisiro yepfungwa.
Matanho ekufunga nezvazvo kana mafashama
Chinhu chekutanga chinofanira kutariswa maererano nemaitiro ekudzivirira, panguva kana shure kwemafashama aya, kuziva njodzi dzinogona kuitika nekuda kwenzvimbo yeimba yako kana bhizinesi kana nzvimbo yebasa, izvi zvinokutungamirira kuti uve nehurongwa hwekutaurirana nevavakidzani kana zviremera zvomunzvimbomo, pamwe chete nepurogiramu yokubvisa njodzi yemhuri yako uye kuonana kuti uvagamuchire kana zvichidikanwa. Imwe kurudziro ndeyekugara uchiziva nezve zviratidzo zveyambiro, nzira dzekubuda nadzo, uye kune nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza emergency.
Dzivirira imba yako nekudzima magetsi, gasi, uye zvekushandisa zvemvura usati wabuda. Izvo zvinodiwawo kutsigira zvimiro zvisina kugadzikana zvakanaka uye nguva dzose uine chinodzimisa moto. Uye zvakare, ese emagetsi emagetsi anofanirwa kunge ari pahurefu hwakakodzera, kunyanya bhokisi rekuchinja, mapulagi uye tambo, kuitira kuti zvive pamusoro peiyo inofungidzirwa mafashamo. Kune madhiraini masisitimu, isa mavharuvhu ekudzokera kumashure kudzivirira mvura yemafashama kuti isapinda maari.
Zvinogara zviri nyore kuve nekiti yezvigadzirwa zvekudya nemishonga yakagadzirira. Kune rumwe rutivi, iwe unofanirwa kutevedzera mirairo kana iwe uchida kubva kune nyanzvi munharaunda yako, asi kana ukasapa chiziviso nenguva nekuda kwemafashama, kuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu kunokosha. Mafashamo anogona kuunza njodzi yekunyura kunyangwe iwe uchiziva kushambira, nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwemvura inofamba inokurumidza uye kunyange isina kudzika yakamira mvura inogona kuve nengozi uye ichitungamira kuhurwere.
Ramba kure nemvura yemafashamo sezvo ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukuvadza hutano hwako. Izvi zvinosanganisira: tambo dzemagetsi dzakaputsika, tsvina yevanhu nemhuka, tsvina ine ngozi yemumba, marara ekurapa nemaindasitiri, marasha emadota emarasha anogona kunge aine makemikoro ecarcinogenic akadai searsenic, chromium, uye mercury, zvinhu zvemuviri zvakaita sehuni, mota nemarara, se. uyewo mhuka dzomusango kana dzinorasika semakonzo nenyoka. Zvose izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuhutachiona hwemaronda, kuputika kweganda, zvirwere zvepamuviri, tetanus, nezvimwe.
Paunotanga kusvika kumba mushure mechiitiko, edza kudzoka masikati, zvinogara zvichikurudzirwa kushandisa mabheti ane simba rebhatiri, pane makenduru, mwenje yegesi kana mazhenje. Nerimwe divi, usaedze kubatidza kubatanidza magetsi ipapo pasina kutarisa kukuvara kwemafashama. Uyewo, kana imba yave yakavharwa kwemazuva anoverengeka, pinda mukati kwenguva pfupi kuti uvhure magonhi nemahwindo kuitira kuti imba ibude mhepo kwehafu yeawa isati yapinda zvakare.
Usapedza uye usabvisa zvokudya zvose zvakakanganiswa nemvura, zvakadai sezvigadzirwa zvinoparara izvo zvisina kunyatsotonhodzwa nekuda kwekushaya simba; uye vaya vane hwema husina kujairika, ruvara, kana magadzirirwo. Zvakare, iva neanogadzirisa kana sevhisi ane ruzivo rwekuchenesa mold tarisa uye chenesa imba yako yekudziya, yekufefetera, uye yekufefetera mhepo usati wabatidza. Kana usina magetsi, zviri nani kushandisa jenareta rinotakurika kuti usimbise midziyo yose yemagetsi iri mumba.
Kana iwe wakafarira chinyorwa ichi nezve chii chinonzi Mafashama uye uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mamwe anonakidza misoro, unogona kuongorora anotevera malink: