Nzvimbo yemvura ndiyo muromo wakapamhama, wakadzika werwizi mugungwa, nzvimbo iyo kuchinjana kwemvura yakachena nemvura yemunyu kunoitika nekuda kwemafungu.
Nhasi tinotaura zvakadzama nezve hunhu hwema estuaries uye izvo 5 zvakakodzera kusapotsa.
Chii chinonzi hova?
Mukova wemvura ndiwo a nzvimbo yakavharwa zvishoma mumuviri uye yakaumbwa nemuromo werwizi mugungwa, Mvura yemurwizi inoyerera ichienda kunyanza negungwa, nekuda kwemasaisai inosundirawo mvura yarwo kurwizi. Izvi zvinokonzera kuchinjana kana musanganiswa wemunyu nemvura yakachena kuitika.
The estuary naizvozvo nzvimbo yekuchinja pakati penyika negungwa, pakati pemvura yakachena nemunyu. Kazhinji, nzvimbo idzi dzinodzivirirwa kubva kumafungu, mhepo kana dutu remugungwa nematombo anoita sechipingamupinyi uye, panguva imwe chete, anogadza muganhu wemvura.
San Francisco Bay Estuary
Estuary types
Tinogona kuwana chaizvo zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe maererano nehukuru uye chimiro. Zvinoenderana nemaitiro maviri aya, anodanwa neimwe nzira kana imwe: dhamu, chiteshi, inlet, bay kana chiteshi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti hazvisi zvese zvinonzi dhamu kana chiteshi igova remvura. Madhamu mazhinji, semuenzaniso, haasi mazambiringa emvura. Kana pakatsinhaniswa mvura yakanaka neinomunyu, ipapo igova; Kana pasina kuchinjana, hazvisi.
Mukati memikova tinogona kuwana nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasiyana zvakadai semvura isina kudzika kana yakadzika kwazvo, machakwi, mahombekombe ane jecha, madhaka flats, mahombekombe ane matombo, masango emangrove, river deltas, etc. Iyi nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoita kuti maruva nemhuka dzenharaunda dzisiyane. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve nzvimbo idzi dzekugara, unogona kuverenga nezve mhando dze ecosystems izvo zvinokanganisawo kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu.
Estuaries inogona kugamuchira a huwandu hwakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhuka dzesango, pakati peshiri dzemahombekombe kana dzemugungwa, makustaceans, magakanje nemalobster, mhuka dzemugungwa, makonye kana zvinokambaira. Naizvozvo maecosystem akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune rimwe gova kuenda kune rimwe.
Kukosha kwema estuaries
Estuaries inzvimbo uko Mhuka dzakawanda dzinorarama uye dzinodiwa kuti zvipenyu izvi zvirarame. Tinotaura nezveshiri, hove, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, pakati pezvimwe. Shiri dzinotama dzinowana matsime emvura nzvimbo yakanaka yokuzororera parwendo rwadzo rurefu. Kune hove uye crustaceans inzvimbo yakachengeteka yekuberekesa, kutaura zvazviri, estuaries dzimwe nguva inonzi. "makungwa egungwa" nokuti ndiko kunoberekerwa mhuka zhinji dzomugungwa.
Kutenderedza mazizi, kune akawanda machakwi ayo akakosha zvikuru neimwe pfungwa. Mvura inosvika yapera nekuti inobvisa zvinosvibisa, kudya netsvina. Sezvo mvura iyi inopfuura nomumachakwi akasiyana, inonatswa. Pakupedzisira iye mvura yakanyatsojeka uye yakachena, iyo inobatsira marudzi ese, vanhu, mhuka kana miti. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani mabhenefiti evhu, shanyira chinyorwa chedu pa matope.
Chesapeake Bay Estuary
vakawanda zvinomera zvinogona kuwanikwa mumakova zvinobatsira mukudzivirira Kukukurwa kwevhu, kudzivirira pamafashamo anogona kuitika, kupedza mafungu emhepo nemadutu. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti zvimwe zvezvirimwa izvi zvinotariswa zvinomera zvinokanganisa iyo inogona kushandura chiyero cheecosystem kana isina kudzorwa nemazvo.
Pamusoro peizvi zvese, estuaries ari nzvimbo yekudzidza, cherechedza zvakasikwa uye mhuka nemiti, nzvimbo dzinoshanda se tsika nzvimbo kunharaunda dziri pedyo kwavanotamba mitambo, kutengeserana uye kuita mabasa asingaperi.
Hatifanire kukanganwa, zvakare, chikamu chehupfumi chezvikomo, zviteshi uye zviteshi kubva kunobva kutakura kana kutumira kunoitika, zvakakosha seyekutengesa uye nzvimbo dzekufambisa. Muenzaniso weizvi unogona kuonekwa mu zviteshi zvikuru munyika.
Kudzivirirwa kwemakungwa
Nekuda kwekukosha kwese kunomiririrwa nenzvimbo idzi, dzinofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kubva kuruoko rwemunhu, kuremekedzwa nekuchengetwa. Asi, nhasi, kune muvengi mukuru wezvikomo uye iko kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kupinda kwezvipenyu zvechienzi nezvinoparadza zvakatekeshera mune mamwe matsime emvura nderimwe dambudziko rakakosha risingaenzanisi ecosystem.
Ndeapi matsime akanyanya kukosha
Mamwe emafashama anozivikanwa iSan Francisco Bay, Puget Canal, Chesapeake Bay, Tampa Bay kana Boston Harbor. Muma1990 tinogona kutaura nezve 32 maguta makuru uye makuru pasi rose, uye makumi maviri nemaviri awo aive munzvimbo dzemakomo. Pano unogona kuona kukosha kwenzvimbo idzodzo.
Zvimwe zve nzvimbo dzinokosha dzemvura pasi rose zvinotevera:
- La Chesapeake Bay pamhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweUnited States
- La San Francisco Bay kumahombekombe ekumadokero kweUnited States
- El Thames muEurope
- El Sena muEurope
- El Si-Kiang muHong Kong
- El Murray muAustralia
- Uyo ane Paraná Rwizi uye La Plata Rwizi pakati peArgentina neUruguay.
5 akakosha estuaries muSpain
MuSpain mune huwandu hwe 93 hova, iyo inofanira kusimbiswa:
1. Mukova wemvura Rwizi rweGuadalquivir MuAndalusia.
2. Mukova wemvura Annlons River muGalicia.
3. Mukova wemvura Miño rwizi yakagovaniswa pakati penyika dzeSpain nePortugal.
4. Mukova wemvura Guadiaro River MuAndalusia.
5. Mukova wemvura Ortigueira estuary muGalicia.
