Endemism ishoko rinoshandiswa mubiology kumisikidza kuiswa kwemutero inongogumira kune yakaganhurwa nzvimbo yenzvimbo uye iyo isingawanikwe muzvisikwa chero kupi zvako papasi, ndiyo mhinduro ku ¿Chii chinonzi endemic species?, sezvo vari panzvimbo imwe chete.
Chii chinonzi endemic species?
Endemism hunhu hunosanganisirwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzenzvimbo. Iko kuratidzwa kwe Kusiyana Kwezvipenyu uye Kudyidzana Kwazvo. Ndiyo nzira iyo tinogona kuwana chipenyu chinogona kuva chisingaperi kune dziva kana pamusoro pegomo, hurongwa hwerwizi kana makomo, chitsuwa, nyika kana kunyange kondinendi. Chinhu chakajairika ndechekuti tsananguro iyi inoshanda kune mhando yezvisikwa zvipenyu, asi inoshandiswawo mune imwe tax ine hukama ne subspecies, mhando, genera kana mhuri.
Chinhu chakajairika ndechekuti izwi rekuti endemism rinobatsirwa nerimwe izwi rinove iro richazivisa kubva kunzvimbo iyo mhuka yakasarudzika. Tora semuenzaniso, Teide blue finch, iyo inonzi inogara kuTenerife, nekuti inongori kuchitsuwa cheTenerife, muCanary Islands.
Mimwe mienzaniso yezvipenyu zvepasirese
Takatotaura nezve blue finch, iyo zvinosuruvarisa kuti iri munjodzi yekutsakatika, asi munzvimbo imwechete yenzvimbo pane dhiragoni, iyo iri muti unogara kuMacaronesia. Mumwe muenzaniso chaiwo wekugumisira ndeweiyo lynx yeIberia, inogara muIberian Peninsula, kana kuti hofori sequoia, inongowanikwa muCalifornian Sierra Nevada.
Zvitsuwa, nekuda kwekuzviparadzanisa kwavo, inzvimbo dzakakwana dzekuti nhanho yepamusoro yekugumisira kuwanikwa. Mhosva yakaita seiyi ndeiya yeAustralia, iyo yanga isina kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika dzakabuda kwemakore anopfuura mamirioni makumi mashanu, izvo zvinogona kunzwisiswa. chii chinonzi endemic mhuka? pamwe chete nemaruva akasarudzika ayo inawo uye akasiyana zvakanyanya neasara epasi.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoitikawo kuNew Guinea, uko hafu yeshiri dzacho dziripo uye hafu yemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemuPhilippines dzinongogara munzvimbo iyoyo chete. Asi ndiani ane nzvimbo yekutanga maererano neendemism chitsuwa cheMadagascar.
Ndeapi marudzi anogara aripo? Pachitsuwa ichocho mhuka dzese dzemufibhi dzinogara dziripo, 90% yezvinokambaira zvayo, kusanganisira hafu yerudzi rwechameleon yenyika, 55% yemhuka dzayo dzinoyamwisa, senge fossas uye lemurs, uye 50% yeshiri dzayo dzinongori kuMadagascar. Uyezve, inenge 80% yemiti yaro haiwanikwe chero kupi zvako pasi pano.
Kune rimwe divi, 95% yemhando dzehove dzeAfrica Great Lakes dziripo. Asi zvitsuwa zvinoputika, izvo zvisina kukwanisa kuonana nemakondinendi, zviri nyore kwazvo kuva nemarudzi anogara aripo; zvipenyu zvinogara imomo zvizvarwa zveavo vakasvika kare kare uye vakakwanisa kugadzirisa.
Uchapupu hweizvi ndiko kuguma kuripo muHawaiian archipelago kana Galapagos Islands, iyo yekupedzisira ndiyo yakapa kurudziro kuna Charles Darwin nokuda kwedzidziso yake inozivikanwa pamusoro pekushanduka kwemarudzi; uye Canary Islands, ine marudzi 500 emiti inogara iripo uye zvikurukuru, chitsuwa cheTenerife, icho chine chikamu chikuru chemaruva anogara aripo munharaunda yeMacaronesian. kusikwa kwe Nzvimbo Dzakachengetedzwa dzeLatin America.
Muenzaniso wakanyanyisa wekugumisira unowanikwa muhove Cyprinodon diabolis, inongogara mune imwechete inopisa chitubu chiri muDeath Valley National Park, iyo yekupedzisira kuverenga, yakaitwa muna 2014, yakakonzera kuvepo kwevanhu makumi matatu nevashanu chete. , saka hazvitauri kuti imhuka iri mungozi yekutsakatika.
