the cork oak Uyu muti wepakati-kati wakafanana nemasango eMediterranean uye akaberekerwa kuEurope neNorth Africa. Inowanzozivikanwa nokuda kwekoki yainogadzira, iyo inoshandiswa kakawanda, iyo yakapararira zvikuru sezvimiso zvezvinwiwa zvinodhaka. Tese takasunungura bhodhoro rechampagne nesimba pane imwe mhemberero, uye tine chikwereti kune uyu muti wakasimba uye unogara kwenguva refu, unokwanisa kurarama kwemakore anopfuura 100 kana 200.
Kana iwe uchida kuziva chii chinonzi cork oak? uye dzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemuti uyu wakakosha, tinokukoka iwe kuti ufambe munyika yebhotani kuburikidza ne protagonist yedu, cork oak.
Chii chinonzi cork oak? ecology uye kugovera
the cork oak (Quercus suber) Muti unogara mumasango eMediterranean, ukuru hwepakati uye unogara wakasvibira, mavambo ayo ari muEurope neNorth Africa.. Yakave yakatambanudzwa nekuita kwevanhu kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi nekuda kwekushandiswa kwebark yayo, kubva iyo iyo cork inonyanya kukosha inotorwa. Muti wakagara kwenguva refu, unowanzorarama makore ari pakati pe150 ne250, kunyange zvazvo maoak ok akanzi ane makore anopfuura 500, akadai "Bosco di San Pietro" muCaltagirone, Sicily (Italy).
Zita rayo resainzi, Quercus suber, rinobva pashoko rechiLatin quercus, iyo vaRoma vakashandisa kuratidza muoki (Quercus robur) Iyo chaiyo epithet, enda kumusoro, MuchiLatin zvinoreva cork kana sombrero, ndosaka cork oak ichizivikanwawo se sombrero uye mune mamwe matunhu se. shorty o sombrero oak, kunyanya kureva mienzaniso midiki.
Iine makwati gobvu uye akaoma ayo anozonyatsokora nekufamba kwenguva, kunyanya kana yawana mvura yakawanda, sezvo muouki uri muti unoda mvura yakawanda. Makwati ayo anokohwewa ari pakati pemakore 9 ne14 ezera uye kunaka kwekoki yaanopa kunoenzanirana nehuwandu hwemakore anotora kugadzira. Ukobvu hwakakwana hwekuunganidza hwakaiswa pa 24mm, inova dhayamita yeplug yakajairwa, iyo huru yekushandisa. Kuti uwane ukobvu uhwu hunobudirira, zvichave zvakafanira kuunganidza zvimedu zvinenge 30mm gobvu, izvo, mushure mekugadzirisa, zvinoguma nechiyero chinodiwa.
Iyo cork oak inorimwa zvakanyanya muSpain, Portugal, Algeria, Morocco, France, Italy neTunisia uko inofukidza nzvimbo ye2,5 miriyoni mahekita. Portugal inomiririra makumi mashanu muzana epasi rose kugadzirwa kwekoki, saka munyika ino kutemwa kwayo kunorambidzwa, kunze kwekumwe kutarisira masango kana kuti kubviswa kwemiti yekare isingachabereki.
Habitat uye ecology
Takati pekutanga kuti cork oak Uyu ndiwo muti chaiwo wesango reMediterranean uye inogarisana nevamwe vamiriri verudzi urwu rweecosystem, senge holm oak. Kusiyana nemumwe wayo, cork oak inoda hunyoro hwakawanda uye inoshivirira nzvimbo dzinotonhora zvishoma, kunyange neraimu shoma. Ndicho chikonzero kana izvi zvitatu zvinodiwa zvikasazadzikiswa uye sezvo mamiriro ekunze anowedzera, inotsiviwa neholm oak, iyo inokunda zvakanyanya kuwedzera kwekushisa.
Iyo acorn yekork oak inoitika mumwedzi waGunyana kusvika Ndira, apo chando uye kunaya kwemvura kunowedzera kazhinji, zvinodiwa zvinodiwa pakukura kwayo.
Kugoverwa kwekork oak
MuSpain, cork oak inowanikwa zvakanyanya mu kumadokero nharaunda yeMediterranean.
MuAndalusia tinowana mufananidzo mukuru weIberian Peninsula uye iri mupaki yechisikigo yeLos Alcornocales muCádiz. Saizvozvowo, masango emuouki eExtremadura, Catalonia neEspadán anotanhamara, uye muCastilla y León nzvimbo dzakaomesesa ndedziya dzeSalamanca, Ávila, neZamora.
Zvimwe zvakaparadzirwa mukuparadzirwa, tinowana cork oak pamhenderekedzo yeGalician uye muOrense, uyewo mumipata yeSil neMiño, iyo inowedzerwa zvinyorwa zveBierzo, Arribes del Duero, Burgos uye Valladolid.
The cork oak: muti unokosha wehupfumi
Iyo cork oak inopa zviwanikwa zvinobatsira kwazvo zvinofambisa mari yakawanda kutenderera pasirese. Yakave yakakurumbira nekuda kwekoki yayo asi haisi iyo yega shandiso yainopa, michero yayo - makoni - uye huni dzayo dzinoshandiswa zvakare.
Indasitiri yeEuropean cork inogadzira 340.000 matani ekoki pagore, inokosha pa €250 mamiriyoni, iyo inomiririra avhareji ye € 0,70 pakg yekoki. Inoshandisa vanhu 30.000, uye zvivhariso zvewaini zvinotora 15% yekoki inoshandiswa nehuremu uye 80% yebhizimisi.
Cork
Zvinotendwa kuti cork yekork oak ndiyo mhedzisiro yemakore ekushanduka-shanduka kunomuka se kudzivirira moto, zvichipiwa moto unowanzoitika mumasango eMediterranean mumwedzi yezhizha.
Cork kubviswa ibasa rakasarudzika uye rinoitwa makore 9-14 ega ega, zvichienderana nekugadzirwa uye kwainoenda kwekoki.
Kutanga kubviswa kwekoki kunoitwa pamuenzaniso uri pakati pemakore 30 kana 40 ezera. Iyi yekutanga kupora inopa yakaderera quality cork inonzi "kubhowa" Izvi zvakadaro nokuti iyi nhurikidzwa yokutanga yakatsigira kukura kwomuti uye kukora zvishoma nezvishoma kubva padzinde rekutanga kusvika pahunde yakura, izvo zvinokonzera kutsemuka kwakadzika mumakwati awo okutanga, zvichiita kuti pave nemaplate echikona asina kujairika, rimu. Iri ndiro cork rinoshandiswa se Christmas Nativity scene decoration iyo inotevedzera matombo kana makomo. Kana iyo trim yabviswa, iyo inotevera "panas" inopa chimiro chenguva dzose, sezvo kuwedzera kwehama mudenderedzwa remuti kuri kudiki.
Iyo cork ine akawanda maapplication, asi pasina kupokana iyo huru ndiyo kugadzira zvivharo zvemabhodhoro ezvinwiwa zvinodhakazvakadai sewaini, mweya, cavas kana champagne. Mushure mekugadzirwa, mapulagi aya anoenda nenzira yekunyatso bvunzo dzemhando.
Kana mitoro yakakodzera kushandiswa yasarudzwa, iyo isina kukwana uye iyo yakawandisa cork zvinhu inotumirwa kunzvimbo yekudzokorodza iyo inopwanywa nekuumbwa. "cork agglomerate". Iyo cork agglomerate inoshandiswa kune iyo satellite capsule coating, zvake Floor and wall cladding kana kugadzirwa kwe shangu uye insoles zvipfeko.
Nekuda kwezvimiro zvayo - senge moto kuramba, kunyudza hunyoro, uye kupisa kwekupisa - cork agglomerate ine zvakawanda zvekushandisa, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kune yambotaurwa.
Madera
La huni yekork oak yagara ichishandiswa kugadzira marasha, kunyangwe isingashande seyakawanikwa kubva muholm oak.
acorns
Chibereko chekork oak ndicho acorn kana inozivikanwawo se land o gland. Zvinovava, saka hazvishandiswe kudyiwa nevanhu. Asi vane app: mhuka dzakakora, kunyanya nguruve dzeIberia, dzine nyama inoyevedza inokonzerwa nekudyisa pakork oak acorns, pakati pekumwe kutarisira.
Kazhinji, maacorns anoshandiswa kudyisa mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kunguruve kusvika kune shiri, senge cranes munguva yechando nekuda kwekudya kwavo kwekoriori yakawanda.