The capybara, nesainzi inozivikanwa se Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, imbeva inogara kuSouth America uye inoonekwa semhando huru yerudzi rwayo pasi rose. Nechitarisiko chadzo chakasiyana uye mararamiro akasiyana, ma<em>capybara akakwezva kufarira kwenyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu, vanochengetedza mhuka, uye vanoda zvisikwa pasi rose.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora zvakadzama hupenyu hunonakidza hwe capybaras, pekugara kwavo, hunhu hwemagariro, kudya, uye kukosha kwavo muSouth America ecosystem. Dzvanya nesu muruzivo rwakadzama rwe iyo capybara: mhuka huru inonakidza yeSouth America.
Habitat uye geographic distribution
Capybaras inowanikwa kunyanya munzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa dzeSouth America., kusanganisira nyika dzakaita seBrazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina neUruguay. Vanoda nzvimbo dzine nzizi, machakwi, madziva, nemadziva, sezvo dziri mhuka dzinogara mumvura dzakagadzirirwa kugara mumvura uye panyika. Capybaras chikamu chePatagonian fauna inogara munzvimbo idzi. Nekuda kwekugara kwavo munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, vanogona kubatanidzwa ne mhuka dzePatagonia.
Kugoverwa kwayo kunobata huwandu hwakawanda hwezvipenyu zvemumvura., kubva kumasango anogara achinaya mvura kusvika kumasango akazaruka nemafuro.
mumuviri zvinhu
Capybara igonzo hombe rinokwanisa kureba kusvika 1,2 metres uye huremu hunosvika makumi matanhatu kilogiramu., kunyange zvazvo mimwe mienzaniso yakasiyana inogona kudarika izvi zvakakosha. Vane muviri wakaoma, cylindrical nemakumbo mapfupi. Musoro wayo muhombe kana uchienzaniswa nemuviri, une maziso madiki nenzeve, uye mhuno ine mhuno dzakaparadzana, sezvinoita nguruve. Mazino ayo ane incisor akapinza uye anokura achienderera muhupenyu hwayo kutsiva kupera uye kubvaruka kunokonzerwa nekudya kwayo herbivorous.
Makumbo eCapybara mapfupi asi akasimba, uye anogadziridzwa kushambira.. Tsoka dzadzo dzakarukwa dzinodzibatsira kufamba zviri nyore mumvura, uye nzwara dzadzo dzinobatsira pakuchera uye kuongorora pasi. Mvere dzake dzakakora uye dzakakasharara, ine mimvuri inosiyana kubva kune yakasvibira kusvika kune yakatsvuka, iyo inovapa yakanakisa camouflage munzvimbo yavo yechisikigo. Pamusoro pezvo, vane tumahwema paganda ravo izvo zvinoburitsa chinhu chine mafuta chinoshandiswa kumaka ndima yavo.
Kugarisana nevamwe
Capybaras imhuka dzinoshamwaridzana zvakanyanya uye dzinogara mumapoka makuru kuita mapoka. Mapoka aya anoumbwa nevanhu gumi kusvika makumi matatu, kunyangwe mapoka makuru akarekodhwa pane dzimwe nguva. Hutungamiriri mukati mepakiti inotangwa kuburikidza nekudyidzana munharaunda, uye mapoka anowanzo kutungamirwa nemurume ane masimba uye munhukadzi ane masimba.
Kukurukurirana pakati pecapybaras kunoitwa kuburikidza nezwi, zviratidzo zvemuviri uye kunhuwa. akabudiswa nehwema dzavo. Vanoita ruzha rwakadai sokupopota, kudzvova, uye kuhwihwidza kuti vataurirane uye kunyevera nezvengozi dzinogona kuitika. Uyezve, vanoshongedzana uye vanokweshana senzira yokusimbisa zvisungo muboka. Maitiro avo emagariro akafanana neavamwe mhuka dzePatagonia.
Kubereka uye tarisiro yehupenyu
Capybaras imhuka dzinogarisana nemurume mumwe chete., zvinoreva kuti vanoumba mapeya akatsiga. Kusangana kunogona kuitika mukati megore rose, asi kazhinji kazhinji munguva yekunaya kwemvura. Mushure me a nguva yekuzvitakura kwemazuva angangoita 150, hadzi dzinobereka litter pakati pembwanana imwe chete kusvika masere, kunyange zvazvo yakawanda iri mbiri kusvika ina. Vana vaduku vane precocial, zvinoreva kuti vakakura uye vanogona kufamba mushure mekuberekwa.
Nezve makore ehupenyu hwako, capybaras kazhinji vanogara makore 8-10 musango, kunyange zvazvo mimwe mienzaniso yasvika makore gumi nemaviri. Muhusungwa, hupenyu hwavo hunogona kuva hurefu zvishoma, hunosvika kumakore gumi nemashanu. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti capybara lifespans inogona kuchinjwa nehuwandu hwezvinhu, kusanganisira kuwanikwa kwezvokudya, kuwana mvura, kubatwa, uye hutano huzhinji hwomunhu.
Yekudyisa mhando
Capybaras inonyanya kudya herbivorous. uye kudya zvakasiyana-siyana zvemiti yemvura uye yepasi. Zvokudya zvavo zvinosanganisira huswa, mashizha, makwati, nemichero, uye vanopedza nguva yavo yakawanda vachitsvaka uye vachidya zvokudya. Vane digestive system inovabvumira kuvirisa chikafu mudumbu ravo rakaoma, ichivabatsira kubvisa chikafu kubva kune yakaoma-ku-kugaya chirimwa. Nekuda kwekudya kwavo, ivo vakakosha kuchengetedza kuenzana kweiyo ecosystem munzvimbo dzakadzika dzemasango.
Kukosha kwezvakatipoteredza
Capybaras inoita basa rakakosha muSouth America ecosystems dzavanogara. Sezvinodya urasha, kudya kwadzo kunobatsira mukuparadzirwa kwembeu kuburikidza netsvina yadzo, izvo zvinobatsira kuzvarwa patsva nekusiyana-siyana kwemarudzi ezvirimwa munzvimbo yazvo. Uyezve, iyo niches yemvura inogara capybaras inobatsirwa kubva pakuvapo kwayo, sezvo ichidya pane yakawandisa zvirimwa zvemumvura, nekudaro kudzivirira kuumbwa kwedense layers inogona kukanganisa kutenderera kwemvura. Neiyi nzira ivo vanobatsira pakuenzanisa kweiyo ecosystem.
Mukuwedzera kune basa rayo mukuparadzira mbeu nekuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemumvuraCapybaras zvakare inodyiwa nezvikara zvakawanda, kusanganisira caiman, jaguar, anacondas, uye shiri huru dzinodya. Kuvapo kwavo kunopa chikafu chemhuka idzi uye kunobatsira kuchengetedza kuenzana kweketani dzekudya munzvimbo yadzo yechisikigo. Maererano nekuvapo kwavo mucheni yezvokudya, zvinonakidza kuona kuti vanobatana sei kune vamwe mhuka dzakaita sejaguar munzvimbo yavo yekugara.
Mamiriro ekuchengetedza
Kunyange zvazvo ma<em>capybara asiri kuonekwa sezvipenyu zviri mungozi yokutsakatika, anotarisana netyisidziro dzakasiyana-siyana.. Kuvhima uye kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo nekuda kwekuparadzwa kwemasango uye kugariswa kwemaguta ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa huwandu hweCapybara mune mamwe matunhu. Kudiwa kweganda rayo, nyama nemafuta, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kwayo mumishonga yechivanhu, zvinoparira kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo.
Zvakakosha kushandisa matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza kuti tive nechokwadi chekurarama kwenguva refu kwezvipenyu izvi, sezvo zvichiita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza zvisikwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzinogara mhuka dzeCapybara, kusimudzira dzidzo uye kuzivisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza mhuka idzi, nekusimbisa mitemo nekudzora kurwisa kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo.
Rudzi rwakasiyana: iyo capybara, iyo inonakidza hofori rodent yeSouth America
Iyo capybara imhuka inonakidza uye yakasarudzika inomiririra chikamu chakakosha cheSouth America ecosystems.. Hukuru hwayo hunokatyamadza (hwegonzo), hunhu hwayo mumagariro uye kujairana nenharaunda yemvura hunhu hunoiita kuti ive mhuka inoyemurika. Kuburikidza nekudya kwavo kwemishonga uye mararamiro emumvura, capybaras inoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza zvisikwa uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kutyisidzira kwakatarisana nemarudzi aya uye kutora matanho anoshanda ekudzivirira. Kuburikidza chete nekuchengetedza kwakakodzera uye kuremekedza mhuka dzesango ndipo patinogona kuvimbisa kupona kwecapybaras nemamwe marudzi ari mungozi yekuparadzwa pasirese yedu. Tinofanira kuramba tichidzidza nezve capybaras, kukurudzira kuchengetedza kwavo, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvizvarwa zvinotevera zvinogona kushamiswa nezvisikwa izvi zvinoshamisa zvinogara munzizi dzedu dzeSouth America nemachakwi. Ngatidzivirirei capybara: iyo inonakidza giant rodent yeSouth America.