Zvirimwa zviri muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwenzanga, zvichishandiswa kushongedza nharaunda uye mamiriro edzimba. Cacti inomiririra imwe yemiti mikuru yekushongedza inoshandiswa nenzanga, iyi imhaka yechimiro chayo chakareba kana chakatenderedzwa uye chine minzwa, asi maruva avo ndiwo anofananidzira nekuti iwo ega marudzi, ane petals makuru uye anoshamisa mavara, anozivikanwa munyaya inotevera. marudzi akasiyana eCactus ane mukurumbira ane Maruva.
Cacti neMaruva
Zvirimwa zvidyarwa zvinofukidza pasi rese repasi, zvinozvarwa pamusoro penyika uye zvakagoverwa mumativi ese epasi, zvichichinjika kune akasiyana mamiriro ekunze (kusanaya kwemvura, mvura) uye anomuka mune ese ecosystems aripo mugwenga, masango, masango, savannas nemapani, pakati pezvimwe. Vanomiririra chimwe chezvipenyu zvakakosha, pakuita iyo yakakodzera biochemical process yekuchengetedza hupenyu inozivikanwa se photosynthesis, inotarisira kupa iyo okisijeni inodiwa kune zvese zvipenyu.
Kune hukuru hukuru hwezvipenyu zvemarudzi ezvirimwa, mune iyi kesi cacti ichabuda pachena, imhando yechirimwa chiri chemhuri yeCactaceae uye inofarirwa zvikuru nekuwanikwa kunyanya munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzerenje, ichionekwa semhando yezvipenyu. iyo yakashanduka uye yakajairwa kumamiriro ekunze akaoma uye hunyoro hwakaderera, ichitora akasiyana siyana emuviri seyakatenderedzwa uye cylindrical kuitira kudzikamisa nzvimbo yayo yakashama uye kuchengetedza hunyoro mukati memukati mayo.
Mukuwedzera, mashizha ayo akashanduka kuti atore chimiro chetsono dzakanongedza, nechinangwa chekudzivisa kurasikirwa kwehunyoro kubva muhurongwa hwayo uye inomiririra nzira yekudzivirira kune dzimwe mhuka dzinodya. Iwo anoonekwa seanobva kuAmerican kondinendi kunyangwe zvichitendwa kuti munguva dzekoloni mamwe marudzi kubva kunyika yekare aitakurwa, semuenzaniso ayo ari emiti inonaka yakafanana necacti. Pasinei neizvi, kune marudzi anogara aripo ari mukondinendi yeAfrica.
Zviratidzo
Mhuri yecacti inozivikanwawo nekuve chikamu cheanonamira anochengeta mvura mumiviri yavo kuitira kuti aenderane nekugara kwavanoita. Vane dzinde rakakomberedzwa rine dhiramu saizi (Globoso) kana cylindrical flattened mune dzimwe nzvimbo (Columnar), iyo yakakora neyakasvibira yakasimba tishu, izvi zvinokonzerwa neklorophyll inobvumira kukura kwephotosynthesis.
Vane muurongwa wavo ane areola inowanikwa munzvimbo yepamusoro ye cacti vegetative marudzi, inoonekwa senzvimbo yekukura uye inobudisa maruva avo, ichigadzira mvere dzakawanda dzakafanana nekotoni fibers, kunze kwekuvharwa kumativi avo neminzwa. . Maruva ayo anowanzo ari ega uye hermaphroditic (ane mitezo miviri yekubereka) inobuda mune imwe nguva yegore uye inomiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvayo zvikuru zvinokwezva.
Iyi mhuka inoonekwa mumarenje uye inotoshandiswa sechishongo mudzimba nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemukati, izvi zvinokonzerwa nekunaka kwayo uye maruva anoshamisa.
Basic care
Kurimwa kwecacti kunoonekwa kwakapusa uye kuri nyore kutarisira, kunyangwe paine akasiyana siyana, imwe neimwe ine zvinhu zvakafanana. Nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo zvidyarwa izvi zvinoda kutarisirwa kushoma kuti zvirambe zvine hutano uye zvakasimba, zvinokurudzirwa kudzoreredza mamiriro akajairika eecosystem yavo. Mamiriro ekutanga ekurima kwayo kunobudirira anotsanangurwa pazasi:
Kudiridza
Kuve kudiridza kunoonekwa senzira yekuwedzera mvura kumarudzi ezvirimwa, ine basa rekugoverwa mumidzi yaro uye kufamba mukati mechirimwa chose. Inoonekwa sechinhu chakakosha pakukura kwakanaka kwecacti, inoratidzwa nekuichengeta mukati mematishu avo uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuchinjirwa kune yakanyanyisa mamiriro ekunze (kupisa kwepamusoro uye hunyoro hushoma).
Cacti zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kuramba kudiridza zvakanaka, asi kuunganidzwa kwemvura kunofanirwa kudzivirirwa nekufashamira ivhu. Nekuda kweizvi, zvinofanirwa kudiridzwa nguva nenguva, zvinokurudzirwa kamwechete pavhiki mumwaka wezhizha uye kamwe chete pamwedzi mumwaka wechando sezvo hunyoro hwezvakatipoteredza hunovimbisa kuvhara kudiwa kwemvura panguva ino. Kana iri muhari, zvakakosha kudzivisa kuunganidza kwemvura mundiro yepasi, sezvo nekufamba kwenguva inobata midzi uye kuora.
Zvakakosha kufunga nezvemamiriro ezvakatipoteredza kuti uzive kuti kudiridza kunoitwa kakawanda sei, kana cactus iri mumba (imba kana hofisi) nekupisa nguva dzose, inogona kuda kudiridza kwakawanda pasinei nenguva yegore. Kana zvisina kudaro, inogona kudiridzwa pane dzimwe nguva, sezvo iri zvirimwa zvinoda mvura shoma.
Nzvimbo
Miti yacho inogara iri mune imwe nzvimbo, yakasimwa munzvimbo dzinofarira kukura kwayo uye inobvumira kusangana kwakakwana nechiedza chezuva. Cacti inoda chiedza chakawanda uye zvichida chiedza chakananga. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ivo vanowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dzakajeka (nzvimbo dzekunze, minda, pedyo nemahwindo). Mhando dzinopa vhudzi neminzwa (nhamba yakakwirira), inoda huwandu hwakawanda hwezuva; Zvikasadaro, avo vane minzwa mishoma vanoda mhepo yakawanda uye mumvuri.
Rusticity
Inosanganisira izwi rine chekuita nekukwanisa kwezvirimwa kurarama nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa panguva yekukura kwavo, kukwanisa kushivirira kutonhora, kupisa, kusanaya kwemvura uye mhepo. Kana iri cacti, munguva yechando inofanira kuchengetedzwa sezvo isingashiviriri kutonhora (kupisa kuri pasi pe7ºC), inokurudzirwa kuti ive mumakamuri anodziya zvikuru ane tembiricha iri pamusoro pe20ºC uye kudzivirira kugarisana kwekutonhora uye hunyoro hwevhu munzvimbo. nharaunda yakapoteredza.
Ivhu Type
Ivhu, iro rinozivikanwawo se substrate, rinoreva pamusoro panosimwa chirimwa, ivo vane basa rekupa chikafu chekukura kwayo uye kupa kugadzikana panguva yekukura kwayo. Cacti inokwanisa kushingirira ivhu rakaoma (renje) rakagoverwa munyika idzi, asi kana yakadyarwa muivhu rinovaka muviri inogona kuva nekukura kwakasimba uye kuwedzera maruva.
Inokurudzirwa kushandisa ivhu rine porosity yakakwana, hupfumi huri pakati nepakati, kuwanda kwekudya, kuchengetedza mwando kwakanaka uye ine acidic zvishoma pH (inenge 6).
Fertilizer yeCacti
Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu kana kuti inorganic substances ibasa rekudyara ivhu, kupa zvicherwa zvinopindirana mumidzi yemiti uye kuchengetedza mamiriro akakodzera panguva yekukura kwavo. Kunyangwe iyo cactus ichigona kuchinjika kune ivhu rakashata mune zvinovaka muviri, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa ivhu rakagadzirirwa rinopa zvivakwa zvinodiwa uye rinopa chikafu chinodiwa mukukura kwayo.
Kuisazve
Dzimwe nguva mamiriro akakosha anofanirwa kuiswa pakukura kwakanaka kwechirimwa, senge transplantation, iyo inoreva kufambisa chirimwa kune imwe nzvimbo inovandudza kukura kwayo uye kukura. Kana iyo cactus ikamira kukura, inowana ruvara rwakaipa uye midzi yaro inobuda; imhaka yekuti inoda kuisirwa, kana iri hari, shandisa ivhu kana ndiro, shandisa drainage pasi.
Mhando dzeCactus dzine Maruva
Maruva cacti anomiririra kukwezva kukuru, izvi imhaka yekuti iwo anoshamisa uye ane mavara, ane saizi yakakura kana ichienzaniswa neakawanikwa kubva kune zvimwe zvirimwa. Maruva ayo anowanzo kuoneka ega kana ega, ane hupenyu hupfupi hwakakwana; Kune akawanda marudzi ecacti uye zvichienderana nemhando dzawo, ichapesvedzera kushorwa kweruva, mune dzimwe nguva vanongopona chete mukati mezuva.
Muzviitiko zvese, dzine nguva yekutumbuka munguva yechirimo kana zhizha, kunyanya munguva idzo dzine chiedza chakawanda uye tembiricha yakakwira, pamwe nekufarira kuvepo kwenyuchi dzinosvibisa muto wadzo. Kune marudzi akasiyana ecacti ane maruva, achiratidzira mamwe acho pazasi:
Nyeredzi Cactus kana Astrophytum
Iyo Astrophytum Ornatum inozivikanwawo seyenyeredzi-yakaita cactus, mukuwedzera kune inowanzonzi Liendrilla, Biznaga, Astrophyto kana Piojosa. Ine cylindrical body ine zera rekureba inosvika mita kureba, yakasviba green (youth) uyezve yakasvibira yakasvibira ine mavara esirivha (chembere). Pamusoro pekuve nemaruva mumapoka akati wandei emamwe mayuniti maviri, anoyera kusvika masendimita 9 mudhayamita, ruvara rwavo rwuyero uye anotumbuka kubva pakati pechirimo kusvika pakupera kwezhizha. Dzinobva kuNorth America uye dzinokura pamhando ipi zvayo yevhu.
echinopsis
Inoumbwa nemhando yecactus inova yeCactoideae subfamily uye inowanikwa kuSouth America ine marudzi anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu akasiyana. Madzinde ayo ane cylindrical uye elongated chimiro chinoguma mune yakatenderedzwa chimiro; nokudaro dzinobva kumarudzi makuru zvikuru kusvika kumakwenzi maduku. Rudzi urwu rwecactus rwakaiswa mumapoka matatu uye kukura panguva imwe chete, iwo anosanganisira iwo marudzi anosvika pakakwirira. Maruva ayo akagoverwa pahunde uye anomira kunze kwehukuru hwavo hukuru, ivo vanoonekwa semaruva akanaka kwazvo munyika uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nehwamanda yavo, inorova petals (machena, yero, pinkish kana orenji toni).
coryphantha
Izwi rekuti Coryphantha rinobva muchiGiriki richireva ruva riri pamusoro pechirimwa, rine mhando yediki kana yepakati-kati cactus, ine muviri wakatenderera uye mune dzimwe nguva cylindrical muchimiro ane akadudzwa uye akareba musana. Vanobva kuMexico uye kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States; Vanopa ruva repingi kana repepuru rinosanganisa mavara aro nechena uye yero petals mukati. Iine marudzi anopfuura makumi mana akasiyana, ane 40 subgenera uye 2 subspecies.
Rebutia
Ndiyo imwe yemhando huru dzinoshandiswa pakurima uye zvishongo uye izvi zvinokonzerwa nehukuru hwayo muchimiro chepasi uye maruva ane mavara. Iyo yekupedzisira inowanzova yakakura kwazvo kana ichienzaniswa nemuviri wavo, inotumbuka mumwaka yechirimo uye inosvika pakati kana yakakwirira tembiricha, asi inongoitika chete pavanenge vachiri vadiki, vachionekwa muchimiro chemapoka ane monochromatic shades of orenji uye tsvuku.
Aporocactus
Imhando yerudzi rwekuCentral America uye inoonekwa zvakanyanya muMexico, ichipararira munzvimbo dzese dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya. Kupa mazita akasiyana-siyana akadai segonzo muswe cactus, chikwapuro ruva, kurembera cactus kana nyanga ruva; Vane muviri wakafukidzwa nemizongoza uye vanogona kutora mafomu maviri makuru, iyo huru iri cylindrical uye yakareba, zvakare inokambaira (saka mazita avo akajairika). Iine maruva madiki ane akawanda, ane nyama uye akareba petals anokura munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri wayo, anounza mimvuri pakati pepink uye fuchsia, kune mamwe marudzi ane yero uye machena mavara.
Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa ichi chabatsira, tinokusiira vamwe vanozonyatsokufarira: