Basil ndeimwe yemiti inonhuhwirira inowanikwa mudzimba, uye chinhu chakakosha mumabikirwo akawanda. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakuudza zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezvemuti uyu: hunhu hwawo, mhando dzawo, uye kunyanya, kutarisirwa kwaunoda.
Basil chirimwa chemwaka chinobva kuIndia, Iran, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeAsia. Kutarisirwa kwakakosha kunodiwa parudzi urwu rwechirimwa kwakafanana kungave kuri muhari kana kuti kwakadyarwa muvhu. Musiyano uri muhunhu hwezvinhu zvinotevera, kunyanya pasi pevhu, uye mukuchengetedza chakaparadzaniswa nezvimwe zvirimwa.
Muti uyu unonhuhwirira unorimwa mumwedzi inodziya yegore, muchirimo nemuzhizha, sezvo uchikura zvakanaka mukupisa kunodziya . Unoshandawo semushonga wekudzivirira umhutu nezvimwe zvipembenene, zvichigadzira dziviriro kune mimwe miriwo, yekushongedza neyekutumbuka. Basil ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza nezvayo, zvatichaongorora pazasi.
Chii chinonzi basil?
Inowanikwa mumhuri yeLamiaceae, ine maruva ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana . Basil, kunyanya, iri murudzi rweOcimum, rudzi rwakajairika munzvimbo dzinodziya. Rudzi urwu runozivikanwa seOcimum basilicum.
Ichirimwa chinogara kwenguva refu chemwaka chisingakure zvakanyanya, asi chinokura chakafara. Madzinde acho akafukidzwa nemashizha edenderedzwa ane saizi dzakasiyana uye ruvara rwegirini rwakadzama.
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzebasil, dzimwe dzakajairika dziripo munzvimbo dzeMediterranean . MuAsia, mhando dzacho dzakatowanda, kusanganisira mhando dzine manakiro akasiyana uye akasimba.
Basil Mavambo
Nhoroondo yechirimwa ichi haina chokwadi, sezvo mamwe mashoko achiratidza kuti chaive chirimwa chinozivikanwa chairimwa zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura . Sezvambotaurwa, chinowanikwa munzvimbo dzinopisa dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeAsia.
Basil yakasvika kuEurope nenzira dzekutengeserana kubva kuIndia . Munguva pfupi, kurimwa kwayo kwakatanga kudzika midzi munzvimbo dzeMediterranean. Mashizha ebasil aisangoshandiswa sechikafu chete asiwo semushonga wekurapa uye mumitambo.
Nhasi uno, kurimwa kwerudzi urwu rwechirimwa kwapararira kunzvimbo dzakawanda pasi rose nekuda kwekukura kwaro kwakanaka uye mabasa aro akasiyana-siyana.
marudzi e basil
Muchikamu chino, tichataura nezvemhando dzebasil dzinonyanya kushandiswa , imwe yemiti inonhuhwirira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudya uye yatinogona kuwana zviri nyore muchitoro chero chipi zvacho chegreenhouse kana chekurima kuti tidyare mumba medu.
basil inotapira
Imwe yemhando dzinonyanya kufarirwa, uye imwe yedzinonyanya kushandiswa pakubika . Mashizha emhando iyi ane ruvara rwegirini rwakadzama, pamwe nekunyorova uye anonhuwirira zvikuru. Panyaya iyi, anosvika pakati pemasendimita gumi nemaviri negumi nemasere pakureba.
Genovese basil
Hunhu hukuru hwemhando iyi chimiro chemashizha ayo, ayo akati sandara uye akapinza . Kunaka kwemashizha ayo, kunze kwekunhuhwirira, ane hunhu hushoma, zvichiita kuti ive mhando yakajairika mukubika kweItaly.
thai basil
Inowanikwa kuSoutheast Asia, Thai basil chinhu chinozivikanwa mukubika kwayo. Ine kuravira kwakasiyana kwe licorice. Madzinde nemashizha emhando iyi ye basil akasiyana nekuda kweruvara rwayo rwepepuru. Zvakanaka kuishandisa itsva sezvinobvira, sezvo inorasikirwa nekunhuhwirira kwayo kwakajairika nekufamba kwenguva.
Neapolitan basil
Sezvinoreva zita rayo, inotangira kuItaly, kunyanya munharaunda yeNaples. Mashizha emhando iyi yebasil akakura uye anoshandiswa mundiro dzekuItaly dzakadai semasobho, nyama, nehove. Chinhu chinosiyanisa, kunze kwehukuru hwemashizha, kuravira kwayo semhiripiri.
lemon basil
Imwe mhando inonyanya kuzivikanwa inowanikwa munyika medu i lemon basil. Mashizha ayo akapfava uye ane ruvara rwegirini rwakapfava, anosvika pakureba kwemasendimita makumi maviri kusvika makumi maviri nemana. Inoshandiswa sechinongedzo chekuwedzera remoni mundiro kana zvinwiwa.
lime basil
Kufanana neyakaonekwa kare, iyi ndeimwe yemhando dzinonaka zvikuru dziripo, ine kuravira kwakakosha kwecitrus. Kuti ukure mhando iyi, unofanira kuzviita munzvimbo inogamuchira chiedza chezuva kwemaawa matanhatu pazuva, kuitira kuti chirimwa chikure uye chikure pasina matambudziko.
basil yechiGiriki
Pakupedzisira, tinokuunzirai rudzi urwu rweGreek basil, chirimwa chinokura kusvika masendimita 8 kana 10 chete, zvichiita kuti chive chimwe chezvidiki zvaungawana . Mashizha acho ane maumbirwo akapinza uye akakodzera kudya nyama, hove, miriwo, kana kunyange soups.
Chii chinodiwa nebasil?
Kana ukasarudza kuva nerudzi urwu rwechirimwa mubindu rako kana kumba kwako, unofanira kutanga waziva kuti chirimwa chemwaka , saka kana changopera, chichaoma chofa.
Kutenderera uku kwatinotaura nezvako kunotanga nekutanga kwematsutso. Sezvo tembiricha ichidzikira, basil inosvava zvishoma nezvishoma . Uchifunga izvi, unofanira kutarisisa zvinhu zvakati wandei paunenge uchitarisira zvirimwa izvi.
Kuti utange kudyara nekutarisira basil, nzira yakanaka ndeyekutanga netireyi yembeu. Izvi zvinokurudzirwa kana uri kutenga mbeu dzebasil pane kutenga chirimwa chinotumbuka. Kana usina tireyi yembeu iripo, unogona kutanga mbeu muhari kana muchina wekudzvara . Kana ukasarudza kushandisa poto, tinokurudzira kusarudza imwe ine dhayamita yakakura kupfuura 12 centimeters (5 inches). Kana yakakura, isina kukura zvakanyanya, zviri nani. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti chirimwa chinowanzo pararira.
Chinhu chechipiri chekurangarira imhando yesubstrate yauchashandisa paunenge uchidyara . Kana uchida kuona kuti basil inokura zvakanaka, shandisa substrate yakagadzirirwa iyo chaiyo. Zadza mudziyo nesubstrate usingaiise pasi; siya yakasununguka zvishoma woidiridza zvakakwana.
Mbeu dzaunoisa mumudziyo dzinofanira kugoverwa zvakaenzana pamusoro uye kupatsanurwa . Kana chirimwa chatokura, iva nechokwadi chekuti chakareba zvakakodzera kuti chifukidzwe nevhu. Midzi inoda oxygen yakakwana, saka haifanirwe kuzara.
Unofanira kudiridza nokungwarira kuitira kuti simba remvura risaite migero kana kubvisa ivhu. Pasi pevhu rinofanira kugara rakanyorova , saka unofanira kugara uchicherechedza kuti unofanira kudiridza zvirimwa izvi kangani. Kana chirimwa chako chiri mumba, ungangoda kuchidiridza zuva nezuva; kana chiri kunze, chinogona kudiridzwa zvishoma.
Chiedza chezuva chakakosha kuti ikure; inoda tembiricha inodziya , ndosaka iri chirimwa chinowanzo shandiswa mumwaka unodziya. Isa tireyi yembeu kana hari munzvimbo inogamuchira chiedza chezuva chakananga asi yakadzivirirwa kubva kumhepo inonaya.
Kana ukaramba uine hunyoro uye tembiricha sezvakaratidzwa kubva pakutanga, chirimwa chinokura nekukura pasina matambudziko. Kana ukashandisa mbeu, kumera kunotanga munguva pfupi uye matavi ekutanga egirini anotanga kuoneka.
Kana chirimwa chako chebasil chave nemashizha maviri kana matatu egirini, inguva yekuchiisa muhari yehukuru hwakaratidzwa pakutanga kwechikamu chino. Unofanira kungwarira zvikuru pakuita izvi, kudzivirira kukuvara kwemashizha nemidzi. Musanganiswa wehari waunoshandisa unogona kushandiswa nevanhu vose kana kuti wezvirimwa zvekunze.
Zano rekupedzisira rekutarisira ratichakupa nderekuti unofanira kudzidza kuchekerera zvirimwa nemazvo . Izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa nguva nenguva uye nenzira dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nekuti zvakakuvara here, hazvina chiedza, kana kuti unoda kukohwa. Kazhinji, chirimwa ichi chinowanzo chekererwa panguva yekukohwa kana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvehutsanana.
Unogona kucheka zvishoma nezvishoma kana uchida kukohwa mashizha ekubikisa kana zvimwe zvinangwa . Kuti uite izvi, tinokurudzira kucheka hunde, uchisiya masendimita angangoita gumi kuti ikwanise kumerazve. Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, uchida kucheka chirimwa chose, unofanira kuchichekerera kumashure kusvika pamasendimita gumi kana gumi nemashanu kubva pasi pawakadyarwa.
Basil inogona kurwara nezvirwere, zvipembenene, kukuvara kwechando, nezvimwewo, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti chirimwa chiome kana kutofa . Muzviitiko izvi, zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa zvikamu zvechirimwa zvakanganiswa, kuchenesa ivhu rakapoteredza kuti mhepo ipinde zvakanaka, uye kupa zvinovaka muviri nefetereza kuti zvikurudzire kukura nekuvandudzwa.
Muchidimbu, tinogona kutaura kuti basil simiti inotongwa pamusoro pezvose nemitemo mitatu mikuru; chiedza chakawanda uye tembiricha dzinodziya, pasina madhiri, asi hunyoro uye kugara uchichekerera hutsanana.
Kunyangwe zvatakaona, imwe yemashandisirwo makuru ebasil ndeyekunhuhwirira uye kushandiswa kwayo mugastronomy, ine zvakare zvivakwa zvekuvandudza hutano uye senge inodzivirira mosquito. Izvi zvinoita kuti basil yakakosha mumba medu.
