Nyaya yaCalisto naMelibea imwe tragicomedy iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa seCelestina. Iro basa rakanzi Fernando de Rojas uye rakanyorwa mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Kubudirira kwayo kutsikisa kwakange kuchiwedzera muzana remakore rakatevera, muzana remakore rechi1792, asi yakazove nezvikwiriso nekudzika kutozosvikira yarambidzwa muna XNUMX. Musanganiswa uri pakati pemutambo nekomedhi une dingindira rerudo uye une chekuita nenyika yeyunivhesiti, yave imwe ye zvinyorwa zvekare zvechiSpanish zvinyorwa. Nhasi tichaona Nyaya yaro ndeyei, nei yakarambidzwa uye kushanduka kwayo muchiitiko chekunyora.
Celestine
Kuumbwa kwebasa iri yakanyorwa naFernando de Rojas, misi kubva mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, munguva yeManarch echiKatorike. Kurudziro yedhirama neinovhero pabasa iri rinoita kuti rive rakasanganiswa uye rasvika padanho rekuti munhu akwanise kutaura zvakananga nezverudzi rwematchmaker. Zvinogoneka kusiyanisa mavara ekudenga, nharaunda kana madingindira mune mamwe mabasa.
Mu "La Celestina" tinowana madingindira matatu akakosha: huwori, kudzivirira kurwisana nerudo rwekupenga uye kurwisana pakati pezvipikiso izvo hupenyu hunosanganisira.
The huori: Ndezvekudzivirira vanhu vakaipa uye “varanda vanobata kumeso” vanozvidza vatenzi vavanoshandira.
Kupenga rudo: Inonyevera pamusoro pekunyomba kwerudo rwedare apo vadikani vanoshandura mudiwa wavo kuva mwari wavo chaiye.
Zvinopesana nehupenyu: Iri idingindira rinoshamisa uye rakadzama, kunyangwe reuzivi, kwatinogona kuona kuti hupenyu kurwisana kunotyisa kwevanopesana: vaduku nevakuru, kusava nemhosva kune uori, murombo kune vapfumi, nezvimwewo. Zvese zvinoonekwa kubva pahunhu hwekuzvibata.
Zita rinozivikanwa naro basa iri "La Celestina" harisi zita rake rekutanga asi iyo yakapararira muIberia Peninsula yose kubvira payakatanga basa rokudhinda. Apo basa rakasvika muItaly rakazviita pasi pezita rezita rokuti "La Celestina", muna 1519, pamwe chete nezita rokuti "Tragicomedy of Cesare Arrivabene." Pesvedzero yeiyi vhezheni yeVenetian yaizopararira neshanduro dzechiFrench neFlemish.Mashanduro echiSpanish aizochengeta zita rekuti "Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea" kwenguva kusvika rabudawo. mudiki font iyo inoreva "La Celestina" kusvikira pakupedzisira mazwi maviri iwayo aizoisa nyeredzi pamavharo.
Nyaya yaCalisto naMelibea
Kuti tinzwisise nhoroondo tinofanira kuzviisa pachedu kuguma kweMiddle Ages, sezvo miswe yekupedzisira yepakati inoratidzira nguva iyoyo, panguva imwe chete ndiyo kutanga kweRenaissance. Hunhu hwatinogona kuona shanduko iyi ndeiyi:
- muvaranda vanoshandira ishe wavo mukutsinhana nekuchengetedza nekudzivirira (feudalism) muMiddle Ages uye mumutambo vanokumbira Calisto kuti avabhadhare.
- Vanokudzwa MuMiddle Ages vaive vakagadzirira kudzivirira vanhu, zvisinei Callisto haana uto rake uye anogumira kuhupenyu husina basa. Kudzivirirwa kunowira kuna mambo nehondo.
- Commerce inomuka. Baba vaMelibea vanovakira pfuma pazvinhu zvenyama, kwete pasi.
Nhoroondo yeCalisto naMelibea
Kureva chiito che Mubasa tinogona kupatsanura nyaya yacho muzvikamu zviviri mushure mekutanga uko Calisto naMelibea vanosangana. Chikamu chekutanga chaizova kupindira kwaCelestina nevaranda, uye kufa kwevatatu; husiku hwekutanga hwerudo Chikamu chechipiri chakavakirwa pakutsiva; husiku hwechipiri hwerudo: kufa kwaCalisto, kuzviuraya kwaMelibea uye Mhere yePleberio.
Rondedzero yebasa
Kutanga kwebasa inguva Calisto anoona Melibea mubindu reimba yake uye anowira murudo naye, asi anomuramba.
Callisto Pazano remuranda wake Sempronio anoenda kune pfambi uye pimp, Celestina, anoshanda semugadziri wemachisi uye anoronga mazuva pakati pevadikani, pamusoro pekuita chipfambi nevana vaviri.
Mumwe muranda waCalisto, Pármeno anoedza kumurambidza nekuti amai vake vaive mudzidzi waCelestina uye anoziva kuti iko kukanganisa. Zvisinei, anoguma azvidzwa nashe wake uye anoguma abatana naSempronio naCelestina. kushandisa rudo uye purofiti yaCalisto.
Kuburikidza neseti Celestina anoita kuti Melibea adanane naCalisto uye semubairo anogashira ngetani yegoridhe inova chinhu chemakaro nekusawirirana sezvo achiramba kuigovera nevaranda vaCalisto. Vese vari vaviri vanopedzisira vaponda Celestina, saka vachasungwa nekuurayiwa.
Zvifeve zvaCelestina, Vanoronga kuponda kwaCalisto mukutsiva kwekurasikirwa nezvose.. Nekudaro, mheremhere chete inoumbwa apo Calisto naMelibea vachifarira rudo rwavo. Achinzwa nyonganyonga nokutya kuti varanda vake vakanga vava pangozi. Calisto anosvetukira pamusoro pemadziro aMelibea, anotsvedza uye anofa. Apererwa Melibea anozviuraya uye basa rinopera nekuchema kwababa vaMeribha vachichema kufa kwemwanasikana wavo.
Sei Calisto naMelibea vasiri kutsvaga kuroora?
mukati memutambo Pane chakavanzika chisina kugadziriswa, chokuti ava vechiduku vaviri vanobva mumhuri yakanaka havaedzi kuroorana sei. Hatisi kubata nemhuri mbiri dzaisawirirana, uye hapana chinoratidza chero dambudziko ripi neripi kuti havagoni kuroorana. Imwe fungidziro ndeyekuti mhuri yaMelibea inogona kuve conversos uye zita ravo rakariratidza uye rakaita kuti rinzwisiswe kune vakararama panguva yebasa uye saka hapana rumwe ruzivo rwaidiwa.
Ferdinand de Rojas
Fernando de Rojas aive a Munyori weSpain uyo akararama muchikamu chechitatu chokupedzisira chezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nehafu yokutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Akazvarirwa muLa Puebla de Montalbán muToledo uye aizofira muTalavera de la Reina.
Hunhu hwekunyora kwake hwakaita Kanopfuura chiitiko chimwe aionekwa semunyori wemitambo panzvimbo pemunyori.. Kusafa kwake mukati menyika yetsamba kuri mubasa re "La Celestina", iro chete basa rakanzi rakanzi kune munyori uyu. Zvisinei, munguva yake, akanga ari mutongi anokosha weToledo.
Basa re "La Celestina" Zvinosanganisira huwandu husingapere hwematambudziko anoita kuti vanoidzidza vaedze kuona kana vaivewo chikamu chehupenyu hwemunyori.
Ukama hwehupenyu hwake uye izvo zvakataurwa mu "La Celestina"
Hapana chinozivikanwa pamusoro pehuduku hwake uye kuyaruka, ndicho chikonzero vanyori vakawanda vanoda kuongorora izvo basa rake rinotitaurira kuitira kuti tisunungure chikamu chehupenyu hwaRojas chinoramba chisingazivikanwi kwatiri. Semuenzaniso, basa rinotaurira kuti Sempronio naPármeno vanotaura sei kuchechi yeSan Miguel, iyo inopindirana nenyaya yokuti muPuebla de Montalbán maiva nechechi ine kuzvipira kwakafanana uye kwaizovigwa Garci González Ponce de Rojas naCatalina de Rojas. Sezvizvi, vamwe Kusangana kwakawanda kwenzvimbo kwaigara Rojas inoonekwa mu "La Celestina" inotungamira mukufungidzira kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakare. Vakanga varipo muhupenyu hwemunyori.
Asati atanga nhoroondo yebasa rake, Rojas anozvizivisa semutongi. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi, hapana magwaro anozvitsigira. Zvinofungidzirwawo kuti Rojas akambodzidza mutemo uye akapedza Bachelor of Arts.
Jurist muTalavera de la Reina
Kubva muhupenyu hwake muTalavera de la Reina semutongi kana paine magwaro anozvipupurira, muMunicipal Archive yeTalavera de la Reina uye mune inochengeterwa zvizvarwa zvemunyori. Nekuda kweizvi, tinoziva kuti muna 1508 akange atogara mudhorobha uye kuti nguva zhinji aive Meya weiyo, pamwe nekubata chinzvimbo cheGweta reGuta reGuta uye kubata gakava rakasiyana pamusoro pehutongi nemiganhu yenzvimbo.
Aizoroora Leonor Álvarez de Montalbán akapoteredza 1512 waaizove nevanakomana vana nevanasikana vatatu. UYE Zvaizonakidzwa nemukurumbira mukuru munzanga pamwe chete nehupfumi hwakanaka.
Asi mune zvese zvinozivikanwa nezvake, nyika yetsamba inoita kunge iri kure, ndosaka pasina rimwe basa rakanzi raakaitwa, uye hapana humbowo hwekuti ringave ririko. Mushure mekufa kwake uye neshanduro dzakasiyana dze "La Celestina", zvaizova apo vazukuru vake vakapa magwaro uye vatora kodzero. yebasa rakamiririra Rojas aive anyora bhuku rekutanga.
