Kana tichitaura nezvemadzimambokadzi ane mukurumbira muSpain, Isabella the Catholic ndiye anozivikanwa zvikuru, asi mwanasikana wake, Joanna the Mad, ane mukurumbirawo zvikuru, kunyangwe nekuda kwezita remadunhurirwa raanozivikanwa naro. Asi sei akanzi "mupengo"? Ainyatsozivikanwa here?
Tinoona hupenyu hwaJuana I wekuCastile, anozivikanwa zvikuru se "The Mad," mwanasikana weMadzimambo eCatholic, mambokadzi asina kumbobvira ashandisa simba rake.
Joan I weCastile
Joanna the Mad akazvarirwa muToledo muna 1479, zvichienderana neshanduro inogamuchirwa zvikuru pakati pevanyori venhoroondo, uye akabhabhatidzwa muChechi yeSan Salvador. Zvisinei, gwaro rake rekuzvarwa harina kuwanikwa, uye dzimwe nhoroondo dzinoti akaberekerwa muCifuentes. Chatinoziva ndechekuti nzvimbo yake yekubhabhatidza yakachengetwa muSanta Cruz Museum muToledo. Dare reMadzimambo eCatholic raifamba-famba, zvichiita kuti zviome kuziva kuti Mambokadzi Isabella akazvarira kupi kechitatu.
Juana I aive mukadzi ane mugumo waive wekutonga asi aisazombozviita nekuda kwevanhu vatatu vaiva munharaunda yake vatingati vaimupengesa: baba vake Ferdinand muKaturike, murume wake Philip the Handsome nemwanakomana wake Charles V.
Mukudzidza kwake pamusoro pe "Juana the Sane," Dr. María Lara, nyanzvi muNhoroondo yeMazuva Ano, anopa magwaro akasiyana-siyana anotaura kuti mambokadzi akanga asiri kupenga. Rimwe remagwaro aya rinotaura nezvekushanya kwaBhishopi weCórdoba muna 1501, apo Juana akanga atoroora Philip the Handsome, uye umo bhishopi anomutsanangura se "mukadzi ane pfungwa dzakanaka." Chero zvazvingava, ngationgororei nyaya yamambokadzi uyu asina kumbotonga uye mukadzi uyu akanga asina kupenga zvakadaro.
Juana anova sei Juana "La Loca"
Juana akapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwake ari mujeri ; Mambokadzi weSpain akakodzera akaramba akavharirwa kwemakore anoda kusvika makumi mashanu mumuzinda muTordesillas nekuda kwechirwere chepfungwa chisingarambiki. Kana kuti ndizvo zvakataurwa panguva iyoyo uye zvakapfuudzwa munhoroondo yese. Asi munhu wese anozivawo nezvehondo dzesimba dzagara dziripo pazvigaro zveumambo nesimba pacharo. Pamwe kupfuura kupenga, aive munyatwa wechikwata chemhuri , chakarongwa nevarume vatatu vaida kushandisa simba kupfuura mambokadzi wepamutemo.
Kutanga
Juana, kubva achiri mudiki, aive musikana akanaka akakura kuva musikana wechidiki anoyevedza , asi kwete kungonaka kunze chete. Juana aive akangwara; aiziva chiLatin, nhetembo, mimhanzi… Uyezve, mimhanzi yaizova nzira yake yekurarama nayo kakawanda. Zvese zvaiita sezvinoratidza kuti Mambokadzi mutsva weSpain aizove akakosha saamai vake, Isabella.
Muna 1497, ava nemakore 17, Joanna akaenda kuNetherlands kwaaizoroorwa naArchduke Philip wekuAustria, uyo ainzi "The Handsome," murume aifanira kugara nhaka yedzimba dzeBurgundy neHabsburg. Izvi, sezvimwe zvakawanda, zvaive zvemuchato wezvipo, zano reMadzimambo eCatholic rekukunda muvengi weFrance.
Rufu rwakawanda mumhuri yaJuana, rwakadai serwemukoma wake Juan nehanzvadzi yake Isabel, nemwanakomana wekupedzisira, rwakachinja mamiriro aJuana, sezvo aisazongova Archduchess naPrincess weFlanders chete. Pakazosvika 1500, Juana ndiye ega aive mugari wenhaka yeCastile neAragon uye aifanira kudzokera kuSpain nekukurumidza. Panguva iyoyo, hapana airatidzika kunge asina chokwadi chekuti mugari wenhaka yechigaro cheumambo aive akapenga; pane kudaro, "aionekwa seane pfungwa dzakanaka uye akagadzikana," vakadaro . "Handifungi kuti pfungwa dzakadaro dzakamboonekwa mumunhu mudiki kudaro," vakadarowo. Ichokwadi kuti aive nehunhu hwakasimba saamai vake uye aiwanzo shungurudzika.
Juana mugari wenhaka pachigaro
Nekudzoka kwaJoanna uye kuzivikanwa kwake semugari wenhaka yechigaro cheumambo, murume wake Philip akaita seaderedzwa pabasa remukadzi , chinhu chaasina kufarira. Akabva kuSpain mwedzi mitanhatu mushure mekusvika, achisiya mudzimai wake aine pamuviri kechina. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, Isabella aida kuti Joanna atonge muCastile aine rutsigiro rwemurume wake Philip kana kuti asina.
Zvisinei, zvaiita sekunge chishuwo chaJuana chete chaive chekudzokera kumurume wake, waakataura kuti aimuda zvikuru, uye izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekukakavadzana kwakawanda naamai vake, Isabel, avo vaida kuti Juana arambe ari muSpain semugari wenhaka. Zvinonzi kukakavadzana uku kwakakanganisa hutano hwavo vese uye kuti Juana akazopedzisira avharirwa munhare yeLa Mota.
Munguva yekuvharirwa kwekutanga ikoko, Juana akawanikwa ari kunze kwenhare, asina shangu uye asina bhachi pane imwe yehusiku hwaitonhora zvikuru pagore. Juana akakwanisa kuita kuti amai vake vasangane naye uye vaedze kumunyengetedza kuti vamurege adzokere kumurume wake. Dambudziko raive rekuti chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti Isabella pachake atange kusava nechokwadi kana mwanasikana wake akakodzera kutonga.
Matambudziko anomuka
Muna 1502, maCortes ekuToledo akaungana, uye kekutanga, mibvunzo yakamuka pamusoro pekukodzera kwaJuana kuva pachigaro cheumambo. Zvadaro, muna 1504, Mambokadzi Isabella paakanyora gwaro rake renhaka asati afa, pakava nekusava nechokwadi pamusoro pehutano hwepfungwa dzaJuana. Zvisinei, mugwaro iroro renhaka, Isabella akatumidza mugari wenhaka yake kuumambo hwake "kana, ari mahuri, asingade kana kuti asingakwanise kunzwisisa hutongi hwavo," izvo zvaireva kuti baba vake, Ferdinand "muKaturike," vaizoita semutongi. Izvi zvaiita sezvinoreva kuti mambokadzi pachake aisava nechokwadi nezvepfungwa dzemwanasikana wake; zvisinei, zvingangove zvaive nzira yekuona kuti hapana aigona kutorera mwanasikana wake chigaro cheumambo, kunyangwe kana akazokwanisa kuenda nemurume wake.
Panguva iyoyo, Joanna akanga ava kuziva zvizere nezvekusatendeka kwemurume wake, pasinei nekuti vakatanga kudanana. Philip aifarira vakadzi uye aifarira mafaro, uye akabereka vana vakawanda vasiri pamutemo. Saka zvinonzwisisika kuti Joanna angangodaro akatsamwa. Zvisinei, muchato wacho wakanyanya kuipa pazvakazozivikanwa kuti aizova mambokadzi muna 1506. Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanoti panguva iyoyo Joanna akanga asisade Philip uye kuti "kupenga" uku kwerudo kwaisazogara kwenguva refu.
Kupenga kwerudo?
Zvinonzi Joanna aida Philip uye aisagona kutsungirira kusatendeka kwake. Asi takaona kuti, sekureva kwevamwe vanyori venhau, Joanna akanga asisadi; zvisinei, anofanira kunge akanzwa hasha huru kumurume wake. Philip, iye pachake, akanga achiedza kuva mambo , kwete kungova mukadzi, chimwe chinhu chaakaedza kuita nenzira ipi zvayo. Imwe nzira yekuzadzisa chinangwa chake yaive yekuita kuti zviite sekunge mudzimai wake akanga asina kukodzera basa raaifanira kuita. Kunyangwe asiri iye ega aive nechikamu muchirongwa ichi "chekutsamwisa mambokadzi," Peter Martyr d'Anghiera, mudzidzisi waJoanna, akabatsirawo kuparadzira makuhwa aya.
Zvimwe zviitiko, zvakaita sekusaina chibvumirano cheConcord cheVillafáfila gore rimwe chete mushure mekufa kwaMambokadzi Isabella, zvaitaura kuti kana Joanna asingadi kana kuti aisagona kutonga, Philip aizotora hurumende kusvika mudzimai wake afa. Ferdinand, iyewo, akavimbisa kuenda kuAragon. Izvi zvaive zvakaoma kuna Joanna, asi pachinzvimbo chekuramba, akaenda kunoona minda yeCount of Benavente, uye paakawana mukana, akamhanya kunopotera mukicheni yemukadzi, achiramba kubva pasinei nekukumbirwa nemurume wake uye kunyange neuto rake. Chaida Joanna kwaive kurega kuva chidhori cheavo vese vakamupoteredza.
Kuguma kwaJuana
Imwe pfungwa inoshandiswa nevamwe vanyori venhoroondo kuti Joanna akanga asina kupenga sezvaairatidzika kunge ari ndeyekuti mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, akarayira kuti zvitunha zvake zvifukunurwe ndokufamba-famba nechitunha chake muSpain yakawanda. Izvi zvaisakonzerwa nekupenga, asi kuti zvimudzivirire kuti asaroorwezve. Sekureva kwetsika dzeCastilian, kuva chirikadzi kwaimurambidza kuroorwazve, sezvo aive chirikadzi yaitsvakwa zvikuru. Zvisinei, akajekesa kuti gore nezuva zvaizofanira kupfuura asati aroorwazve. Nehurongwa uhu, Joanna akamudzivisa kuroorwa naHenry VII weEngland.
Rufu rwaPhilip muna 1506 rwakava dambudziko guru kuna Joanna, uyo akanga ane pamuviri pemwana wavo wechitanhatu. Joanna akaramba kuita zvinhu zvekukurumidzira zveumambo, uye pakupedzisira baba vake ndivo vakadzosa chigaro cheUmambo hweCastile.
Mwanakomana wake Charles aizotora chigaro cheumambo munguva pfupi iri kutevera ndokudzivisa Joanna kutonga. Haana kumbopikisa mwanakomana wake, kunyangwe mushure mekunge aiswa mujeri kweanenge hupenyu hwake hwese, uye zvechokwadi kusvika parufu rwake muna 1555. Hapana mumwe wemhuri yake aiva naye paakafa, kunyangwe zvichizivikanwa kuti aiva neukama hwakanaka nevamwe vavo.
Joan I weCastile aive anopenga here?
Vanyori venhau dzakawanda vanoti "kupenga" kwakabata mambokadzi ndokumuita kuti asakwanise kuita chimwe chinhu kwaingova kurangana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Dai mambokadzi akakwanisa kutonga, aizounza dambudziko, chipingamupinyi kuna baba vake kana murume wake, avo vaizotorerwa simba. Maitiro ake airatidzika kunge asina kurongeka aingova ekuedza kuzvidzivirira munyika inotongwa nevarume. Zvese izvi zvakaita kuti vasarudze kuti nzira yakanakisisa yekuita yaive yekuchengeta Joanna akavharirwa, kwaaisagona kukuvadza, vamwe vachitonga panzvimbo pake.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune avo vanoti zvechokwadi akatambura nekupenga, kupenga kwaakagara nhaka kubva kuna ambuya vake Isabella vekuPortugal. Asi kuti kupenga uku kwakawedzeredzwa zvakanyanya kuitira kuti vamubvise panhau dzezvematongerwo enyika. Zvakasvika padanho rekuti aifungidzirwa kuti akabatwa nedhiabhorosi uye asina kugadzikana zvakakwana kuti apiwe kutonga.
Kana akapenga kana kuti kwete, akanyorwa munhoroondo seanopenga , uye nhoroondo chete ndiyo inogona kuona kana akapenga zvechokwadi sezvaakaratidzwa. Tinogona kungoongorora hupenyu hwakaoma hwaakararama, tichiona zvimwe zviitiko zvekupenga nehasha pamwe chete nezvimwe zveunyanzvi hukuru.
