Kubatana pakati pemafirimu uye Artificial Intelligence Yakareba, yakapfuma, uye chero chinhu kunze kwemutsara: kubva kumagetsi zvisikwa zvine mweya kusvika kumakomputa makuru anotiona sedambudziko rinotarisirwa. Kwezana ramakore, skrini yakafungidzira supercomputers, androids, uye zvirongwa vanoita nemaune, vanonzwa, vanoteerera kana kupandukira, dzimwe nguva nemigumisiro inoparadza kuvanhu.
Rwendo urwu runounza pamwechete akanakisa supercomputer mafirimu uye yeAI inotiza, kuruka pamwe chete zvinyorwa zvekare, chokwadi chekuziva uye kushanduka kwemazano ayo: kubva pakutya kwemuchina une masimba ese kusvika kune gakava pamusoro pe. hana, tsika, uye kutongaKune dystopias ane nyukireya impulses, vanhu-muchina romances, eighties cyberparanoia, satires uye sainzi fiction epics izvo zvinoramba zvichigadzira mafungire atinoita nezveAI nhasi.
Kubva kuMechanical city kusvika kuuropi unozvifunga wega
En Metropolis (1927), Fritz Lang anofungidzira megacity yakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri apo musayendisiti anogadzira Maria, robhoti rine chiso chemunhu izvo zvinokurudzira kumukirana. Kuonekwa nhasi, kugona kwayo kwekutanga kuri kupenya: iyo firimu haitaure nezve algorithms, asi inotaura nezvayo. simba, kirasi, uye kushandiswa ine mufananidzo wakagadzirwa pamusoro wayo. Yaive piyona mukuunza mechanical kuve ine "munhu" maficha kuchiratidziro uye yakaguma yave kufungwa Nhaka Yenyika.
Mumakore makumi matanhatu, Jean-Luc Godard mafirimu Lemmy vs. Alphaville (Alphaville), futuristic noir umo Alpha 60Komputa ine izwi rinotyisa inodzora guta rine pfungwa dzisina tsitsi. Kusanganiswa kwe pop aesthetics uye algorithmic udzvinyiriri Izvi zvinoita kuti kuve kushomeka kusingadzivisike: nyika yemapurisa inofambiswa nesupercomputer inoraira manzwiro, hunyanzvi, uye kufunga sekunge yaive mitsetse yekodhi.
Kutsaurwa kukuru kwe "silicon brain" kunouya 2001: nzvimbo odyssey (1968). HAL 9000, kudzora Kuwanikwa 1Anokanganisa, haateereri mirairo, uye anopedzisira abvisa vashandi kuti vadzivirire mishoni. Zita rake anonzi... Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic Computer Uye "rufu" rwake nderimwe rematevedzani anofadza ati ambotorwa. The tandem Kubrick naArthur C. Clarke Akagadzira HAL sechinopfuura muchina chete: hunhu. Ukama hwacho hwakanga huchibereka zvibereko sezvazvaiva zvakaoma, kusvika pakuti Kubrick aifunga mazita akafanana Michael moorcock o JG Ballard kana munyori akasiya basa racho. Makore gare gare, saga yakawedzera SAL 9000 en 2010: Odyssey Mbirikuchengetedza gakava riri mhenyu pandangariro, mhosva uye AI kuregererwa.
Mukufanana, Colossus: The Forbidden Project (1970) inokupa goosebumps nepfungwa iri nyore: otomatiki kudzivirira nyukireyaDr. Forbin anogadzira Colossus kuchengetedza arsenal yeU.S, asi muchina wacho unobatana newayo weSoviet, Guardian, uye pamwe chete vanomanikidza kuda kwavo: kana vakadimburwa, vanokanda zvombo zvinokandwa. Iyo firimu, yakavakirwa pane inoveli naD.F. Jones (iyo inenge iine maviri anotevera akadhindwa), Yakanyura pabhokisi hofisiAsi yakasiya mucherechedzo wayo nematambudziko ayo ekudzora, kuwedzera, uye "runyararo" pasi pekudzidziswa kwekombuta huru. Sezvineiwo, raikosheswa Charlton Heston naGregory Peck yebasa raForbin risati raenda kuna Eric Braeden.
Pakati pekutya kweatomu uye automation yemba, Mechanical chikara (Dhimoni Mbeu, 1977) inosundira nyaya yacho munzvimbo yepedyo ne Proteus IV, AI iyo inopinda mumba memusiki wayo uye nechisimba mudzimai wayo nechinangwa che “kuzviramba” kuburikidza nomwanaIyo inokanganisika mharadzano pakati pekutonhora uye chishuwo chekupfuura izvo nhasi, munguva dzedzimba dzakabatana zvakanyanya, zvinonzwika zvakanyanya kusagadzikana.
Uye kana iyo supercomputer yakanganisa sechinhu chisinganzwisisike, inomuka Star Trek: The Movie (1979). Mukati, gore rinoshamisa rinotsvaira muchadenga rinovanda V'gerKuferefeta kwepasi kwakarongwazve nemuchina webudiriro inongoda "kusangana nemusiki wayo." Paramount akatasva masaisai e Nyeredzi Hondo ine bhajeti inosvika 15 miriyoni uye bhokisi hofisi pedyo 140 mamiriyoniUye nekufamba, yakapa imwe ratidziro yekuzivikanwa kweAI painodzokera kune kwayakabva uye kuipfuura.
Iyo 70s uye 80s: kubva pane yakapinda android kuenda kumuchina wakapotsa wadzvanya bhatani.
Muedzo wekupfekedza AI muchimiro chemunhu unokwira nawo Metal mweya (Westworld, 1973): paki yemusoro wevakuru uko iyo robotic mauto Ivo vanopwanya uye Android pfuti (haakanganwike) Yul Brynner) inotanga kuvhima kusina tsitsi. Iyo "software glitch" iyo inoburitsa mhirizhonga, muchokwadi, mutswe umo kutya kukuru kunopinda mukati: Zvatinodzora zvinorega kuteerera.
Gore rimwe gare gare, Mutorwa: iye wechisere mufambi (1979) inoratidza mumwe musiyano: dotaIyo android, ine mukaka "ropa," haina hutachiona kana glitch; inoteerera mirairo yekambani kunyangwe zvichireva kuisa vashandi panjodzi. Kuyemura kwayo kwechando kune xenomorph kunomutsa mubvunzo wekuti a AI inogona kuvimbika kune zvinangwa zvisina hunhu pasina kurova ziso.
Hondo mitambo (1983) inounza apocalypse kukamuri yekurara yevechiri kuyaruka. Iyo WOPR, ine zita remadunhurirwa JoshuaInotevedzera mamiriro ekurwisana kwepasi rose nekuomarara zvekuti inodzima mutsetse pakati pekudzidziswa uye chokwadi. Anobira asina nemaune anopinda muhurongwa, uye kukwira kuri pedyo. John Badham akatsiva Martin Brest mukati memazuva, uye nebhajeti remamiriyoni gumi nemaviri, akawana zvinopfuura 124 mamiriyoni pabhokisi hofisi, kusiya isingadzimiki tsika: pane mitambo kuti a AI inongodzidza kubva pakurasikirwa.
Con Terminator (1984), AI haichagumiri pakupa zano: Skynet Anomutsa, anozivisa rudzi rwomunhu setyisidziro, uye anosunungura mugumo wenyika. Muhondo yake yenguva kudzivirira John connorInotumira T-800 uye, gare gare, simbi yemvura T-1000. Inonakidza chokwadi: iyo Terminator yaive pakutanga Lance Henriksen kusanganisa zviri nani nevanhu, uye Schwarzenegger akaseka kudhirowa, achiitumidza kuti "bhaisikopo shoma-bhajeti." Nebhajeti inopfuura mamirioni matanhatu chete, yakapfuura iyo 78 mamiriyoni makwikwi epasi rose uye akapa mukana kune yakazara franchise.
Kunyangwe mashura echienzi anotamba nemakomputa makuru ekunze. In Superman III (1983), the tycoon Ross Webster mari a supercomputer muGrand Canyon, iyo inotyisidzira kutenderera kunze kwekutonga. Chirongwa chepakutanga che Richard Donner Kwaive kusuma Brainiac, cybernetic archenemy, uye hunyanzvi hwaGus Gorman hwekubira kamwe kamwe hwakadudzirwa (wink, wink) se "push" ye. masimba asiri evanhu seri kweketeni.
Iwo makumi masere akasiyawo rutivi rwavo rwehushamwari uye rwerudo rwevanhu-muchina duo. Dunhu pfupi (1986) inopa Nhamba 5Chiratidziro chemauto icho, mushure mekurohwa nemheni, chinovandudza chido chekuda kuziva uye kuseka; apo Zviroto zvemagetsi (1984) anofungidzira komputa yepamba inobhadharisa kuzviziva netsaona uye inokwikwidza nemuridzi wayo nekuda kwerudo rwemuvakidzani, yakachena "techno-sentimental" katatu ine makiyi.
Uye mukati Nhungamiro yeHitchhiker kuGirazi (1981), zvinosuruvarisa Arthur Dent anoona kuti supercomputer Pfungwa Yakadzama Inoverenga mhinduro kumubvunzo mukuru pamusoro pehupenyu nepasi, asi inomanikidza ma protagonists kutsvaga mubvunzo chaiwoKuseka kweBritish uye computational metaphysics, cocktail inonaka.
The 90s uye 2000s: yakazara dystopias uye akamonyoroka mitemo
Iyo yepamusoro yehutongi hwemuchina inounzwa ne Matrix (1999): michina yakakunda uye inoshandisa vanhu se mabhatiri apo ivo vanotichengeta takagadzikana mukuenzanisa kwakakwana. Piritsi dzvuku rinovimbisa chokwadi, asi kupokana kwehunhu kunopfuurira, sezvarinoratidza CypherPamwe manyepo akasununguka anodiwa pane chokwadi chinorwadza. Ndiwo musimboti wekutya kweAI iyo isingakutonge chete, asiwo ... inogutsikana kuti haipo.
Mune imwe kona, mugari Zvakaipa (2002) inogadzira iyo Dzvuku Mambokadzi Kune mafirimu: supercomputer ine chitarisiko chemusikana, yakagadzirwa ne lasers, iyo inodzora Mukoko wenyuchi, murabhoritari yeAmburera yepasi muRaccoon City. Pamusoro pekuzivisa muoni (basa rinotorwa nemafaira mumutambo wevhidhiyo), iyo AI inosvika kutonga vanhu kuburikidza nedomboNebhajeti yemamiriyoni makumi matatu nematatu, yakapfuura mamirioni zana, ichitanga saga refu refu.
Ini robhoti (2004) inoshandura Isaac Asimov kuita blockbuster. MuUS Robotics, otomatiki uye AI zvinogarisana. VIKI, iyo inodudzira Mitemo Mitatu yeRobhoti ine ngozi chaiyo: kutidzivirira, inosarudza tidzore kushandisa iyo NS-5. Mazita akaita saSchwarzenegger kana Denzel Washington aionekwa seane nyeredzi mariri, asi Will Smith akazoitungamirira uye yakapfuura 350 mamiriyoni bhokisi hofisi yakarova nebhajeti inosvika zana nemakumi maviri emamiriyoni.
Hazvisi zvese zvine chekuita nekumukirana. Bicentennial murume (1999) anogadzirisa Asimov kuti ataure hupenyu hweNDR-114 (ine Robin Williamsuyo anoda kuonekwa semunhu. Pakati pekudhindwa kwepamutemo uye manzwiro echokwadi, firimu rinodzvanya mukurumbira Mitemo mitatu kubvunza zvechokwadi: chii chinoita kuti tive vanhu?
Uye kana Kubrick akanga arayira AI Artificial Intelligence, ingadai iri epilogue yayo 2001Mushure mekufa kwake, Steven Spielberg Akatangazve chirongwa chekutaura nyaya ye DavidMwana-android akarongerwa rudo. Odyssey yake kuburikidza nenyika inoshandisa vanhu. Mecca Inosiya pfungwa isina kugadzikana: pamwe iyo hutsinye hwevanhu inogona kunge iri muganhu chaiwo wekugarisana kupi nekupi neungwaru husiri hwevanhu.
Iko shanduko yetekinoroji yakatanga zvakare nemubatsiri wezwi wakanyanya: Murume wesimbi (2008) inoisa mumba maTony Stark uye nhumbi dzokurwa JARVIS (Just A Very Intelligent System), nezwi raPaul Bettany, iro mufirimu raizove ChiratidzoMumakomiki, Jarvis aive munhu wemhuri yeStark, izvo zvinoita kuti kusvetuka kuwedzere kukosha: 21st-century butler Yatova software.
Kubva 2010 zvichienda mberi: manzwiro, magirazi uye maalarm matsva
mitambo (2013) inoisa parutivi ganda rekugadzira kuti ritarise pane izwi. Munyori ari ega (Joaquin Phoenix) inotenga smart operating system iyo inoshanduka mupfungwa naye. Izwi raScarlett Johansson rinomutsa mubvunzo usina kugadzikana: kana AI ichiziva, ichiteerera, ichishuva, uye ichikuita kuti ufare, chii chinoparadzanisa hukama hwepedyo kubva "chaiyo" yehukama?
En Ex Machina (2014), alex garland Inotiisa murabhoritari yegirazi kuti titambe nayo Turing Test Avagynoid iyo inobata, inonyengera uye anoda kuraramaIyi firimu ichidimbu chekuvhiya pamusoro pesimba, kusarura kwemusiki, uye nguva iyo chisikwa chinotarisa "mwari" wayo mumaziso pasina kubwaira.
Iyo british Muchina (2013) inotanga sepurojekiti yekugadzira cybernetic supersoldiers pakati peCold War yakavandudzwa (United Kingdom vs. China) uye anopedzisira ave kushamisika kuti chii chinoitika kana masangano aya achinzwa. kunzwira tsitsi Uye vanoramba kuuraya. Itsika yekumonyorora pane subgenre yaimboenda yakananga kune inokonzeresa.
Ndini Amai (2019) anokiya musikana mubhedhuru akasimudzwa na robhoti rokuchengeta uyo anovimbisa kuzadza Nyika zvakare ne "rational" maitiro. Kana mukadzi anobva kunze achionekwa, kusava nechokwadi kunomuka: kudzivirira kana zvinouraya paternalism neAI?
Munzvimbo yeambiguous androids, Prometheus (2012), pasi pekutungamirirwa kwe Ridley Scott, zvipo DavidIyo sevhisi modhi ine kuda kuziva kunogumira pane yekiriniki psychopathic. Hukama hwayo nehupenyu uye vagadziri vayo inowedzera tsika ye "dzakadzidza" asi ine tsika dzakaipa Androids. opaque.
Kana tikasanganisa nyama, silicon, uye capitalism, tinowana RoboCop (1987): haitarise pane imwe supercomputer, asi pane iyo corporatocracy iyo inoshongedza vanhu vakawedzera uye "akangwara" masisitimu ekumanikidza kurongeka, yambiro pamusoro pekuti ndiani anotsanangura zvinangwa zvetekinoroji.
Muterevhizheni nemufirimu, Galactica, pasi rose pahondo (1978) akadyara Cylons sechigadzirwa chemuchina chinoteedzera vanhu vekupedzisira kuburikidza nechadenga, chirevo chine simba cheyatinodaidza kuti "njodzi iripo" yeAI.
Kudzokera munguva, Nyika inorambidzwa (1956) akange atoyedza tekinoroji yekukudza iyo subconscious uye iyo kuzviparadza iyo inogona kuchengetedza simba risingaperi, mudzi wekare uyo unodyisa anopfuura imwe supercomputer nekunyepedzera kwehukuru.
AI zvakare inoenda haywire mune "mundane" nzira. Kumukirana kweMichina (1986) inobatanidza tsaona nerufu apo midziyo yemazuva ose ichiita seyava kurarama, kutsvinya kwakashata kunoita kutya kuti zvese zvakatipoteredza. kumukira.
Uye kana muvengi asina kuberekwa kubva kwatiri asi "akasunungurwa," Virus (1999) anoti a mutorwa njere iyo inokanganisa masisitimu, inoshandisa miviri yevanhu, uye inotora mukana wekutsamira kwedu tekinoroji kuti tirarame.
Pakati pe "madiki asi makuru" mazita, DARYL (1985) inoratidza kuti mwana akakwana munharaunda, muchokwadi, a robotic hupenyu fomu Yakagadzirwa nemauto (Data Analyzing Robot Youth Lifeform), yambiro inotapira pamusoro pekushandisa kwehudiki nehunyanzvi.
Kudzokera kucyberspace, Tron (1982) akatisuma kune nyika yedhijitari inotongwa ne Master Control ProgramIyi yaive mhodzi yefungidziro dzakawanda dzakazotevera nezve internet semamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika. Uye kana paine chero munhu anga aine kusahadzika nezve kukosha kwechinyorwa, hurukuro inozvarwa patsva neyekutanga ye. Tron: Ares, izvo zvinounza kupesana pakati pekudzoka kumberi mushandisi, chirongwa uye simba.
Archetypes inozvidzokorora uye mibvunzo inoramba ichikura
Kwemakumi emakore, maitiro anobuda. Varipo vachengeti vanova vadzvinyiriri (HAL, Colossus, WOPR/Joshua, V'ger, Skynet, VIKI, Red Queen, MCP), the michina ine ganda (Ash, Gunslinger we Westworld, vakopi, Ava, David, NDR-114, Amai), uye ubiquitous systems izvo zvinozevezera munzeve dzedu (iyo SO ye mitambo, komputa murudo nayo Zviroto zvemagetsi(JARVIS). Aya manhamba, aripowo mukati akanakisa komiki nezve marobhotiMazano akafanana anotenderera pane izvi: ndiani anotsanangura magumo?, Tinodzivirira sei kusarura kunouraya?, Ndeapi miganhu yetsika uye yemutemo yatinoisa pane a ungwaru husiri hwevanhu nesimba chairo?
Iyo firimu inobatanawo nenyika chaiyo. Kutya kwenyukireya kwe Cold War kunonoka kupinda Colossus y Hondo mitambo; corporate tsika inoratidzwa mukati Alien, RoboCop o mugari ZvakaipaIyo nguva yevabatsiri vezwi uye "mutengi AI" inoratidzwa mukati mitambo y Murume wesimbi; uye echo iripo ye Matrix Zvinotiyeuchidza kuti akanakisa dystopias magirazi: Vanotaura nezvedukwete yavo.
Pakupedzisira, mamwe mafirimu anopa data inonakidza inobatsira kunzwisisa maitiro avo: Star Trek: The Movie akatasva masaisai akatanga Star Wars ndokushandura bhajeti remamiriyoni gumi nemashanu kuita mamwe 140 mamiriyoni; Hondo mitambo Yakachinja vatungamiri pakutanga uye yakawedzera mari yayo kagumi; Terminator Yakazvarwa nekunhuhwirira kweB-bhaisikopo uye yakavaka saga yakazara; uye kunyange Colossus, pasinei nezvake kutengeserana puncture, yakasiya mucherechedzo mukuru wedingindira unonzwa uchikosha nhasi kupfuura nakare kose.
Zvichida rimwe zuva chokwadi chichapfuura ngano, asi kunyangwe iye zvino bhaisikopo yakatipa bhuku reyambiro, unyoro, uye zvinokatyamadza: makombiyuta makuru ayo "chete" anozadzisa basa rawo Kutora pfungwa kusvika pachinhu chisina musoro, androids dzinoda kurarama pasina zuva rekupera, zvirongwa zvinotitarisira kusvika pakushaya mweya, uye zvisikwa zvekodhi zvinotitarisa, zvinotinzwisisa, uye zvinobvunza kuti chii chinoita kuti tive vanhu. Zvichida ndosaka vanhu vakawanda vachikwazisa chatbot yavo yavanoda zvine ruremekedzo: kana zvikaitika.
