Acid mvura chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chinokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemuchadenga nekuda kwekubuda muchetura kubva kumaindasitiri, mota nezvimwe zviwanikwa.. Zvinoitika kana zvinosvibisa zvinobuda, zvakadai sesarufa dioxide (SO2) uye akasiyana nitrogen oxides (NOx), sangana pamwe mumhepo mwando uye okisijeni, kuumba sulfuric acid (H2SO4) uye nitric acid (HNO3), iyo inobva yawira kuNyika muchimiro cheasidhi kunaya nemigumisiro yakakosha kune zvakatipoteredza, hutano hwevanhu uye ecosystems.
Muchinyorwa chino, iwe uchadzidza nezve kwakabva, zvinokonzeresa uye zvinogoneka mhinduro dzekugadzirisa dambudziko iri renyika-yezvakatipoteredza. Tinokuratidza zvese zvawanga usingazivi nezve Acid rain: dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza rinoda kukurumidza kuita.
Mavambo uye masosi emvura ine acid
Nzvimbo huru dzekuburitsa kwe Matangiro emvura yeasidhi inobva mumabasa evanhu, kunyanya kupisa kwehuni muzvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, kugadzira nekufambisa. Zviitiko izvi zvinoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwesarufa dioxide nenitrogen oxides mumhepo, izvo zvinozosangana nemhute yemvura ichiita makomisheni echimiro chine acid.
Izvi zvinosvibisa zvinobva zvaparadzirwa madaro marefu mumhepo nemhepo nemamwe masimba, nokudaro zvichiita kuti mvura yeasidhi ive tyisidziro yepasi pose panzvimbo pedambudziko renzvimbo.
Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza
Acid mvura ine mhedzisiro inoparadza pane zvakatipoteredza, inokanganisa nzvimbo dzese dzePasi system:
Kusvibiswa kwemvura
Matumbi emvura, akadai semadziva nenzizi, ndiwo ari panjodzi huru. Mvura ine asidi inogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwemvura sezvo inoderedza pH yemvura, zvichikonzera kufa kwehove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura zvinonzwisisa kuchinja uku. Unogona kuverenga zvakawanda nezve kusvibiswa kwenzizi nemadziva kuti unzwisise kuti izvi zvinokanganisa sei zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Kukukurwa kwevhu
Uyewo, Mvura yeasidhi inogona kukuvadza ivhu, kurikukurisa uye kukanganisa zvakanyanya hutano hwemasango. Acid mvura inoshandura kuumbwa kwevhu nekudaro kuwanikwa kwavo kwekudya kunovaka muviri. Vanova ivhu remhando yakaderera uye kugona kutsigira zvinomera. Imwe yemhedzisiro yeivhu acidification kuburitswa kwesimbi dzine chepfu, senge aruminiyamu, iyo inokuvadza zvakanyanya kuzvirimwa uye zvipenyu zvevhu. Chiitiko ichi zvakare chine hukama ne marudzi ekusvibiswa kwevhu zvinokanganisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu zvipenyu.
Kuparadzwa kwezvinomera
Munzvimbo dzepasi, Mvura yeasidhi inogona kukanganisa utano hwemasango nekunetesa miti uye kuita kuti ive nyore kubatwa nezvirwere netumbuyu. Kutaura zvazviri, nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzakanyorwa mienzaniso yekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kuratidza kuti izvi zvinogona sei kuve nemhedzisiro pane ecosystem.
Kuderedzwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
Planet Earth ihurongwa hwakabatana hwezvinhu zvina zvakakosha: geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere uye biosphere. Simba riri pakati pavo rine mhedzisiro yekuti chero shanduko mune imwe yenhengo ichave nekukanganisa kune vamwe. Nokudaro, kubva pazvinhu zvose zvakataurwa pamusoro apa, mhedzisiro isingadzivisiki yekukanganisa pane biosphere inotorwa: hupenyu hwepanyika huchatambura nemhedzisiro yekusvibiswa kwemhepo nekuda kwekutangira kwemvura ine acid.
Sezvambotaurwa, mvura yeasidhi inogona kugeza miviri yakawanda munzira yayo: Inoparadza hupenyu hwehove uye mamwe marudzi ehupenyu hwemvura, inoparadza nzvimbo huru dzezvinomera uye, muchidimbu, kusaenzana kwezvipenyu, kuderedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana paNyika. Iro idambudziko rinonetsa. Kutaura nezvenyaya iyi, zvakakosha kuyeuka iyo migumisiro yekurasikirwa kwezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana izvo zvinobva kumvura ine acid.
Kukuvadzwa kwemaguta
Acid deposition inogona kukanganisa zvivakwa uye zviyeuchidzo, kunyanya idzo dzakavakwa nezvinhu zvinobata ngura zvakaita semarble negranite. Guta rinofanira kujairana nemhedzisiro iyi ne matanho ekudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuchengetedza nhaka yavo.
Acid mvura uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze
Kubuda kwesarufa dioxide (SO2) uye manitrogen oxides (NOx) anokonzera kunaya kweasidhi kune chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Aya magasi anobatsira kune kuumbwa kwezvimedu mumhepo zvinokanganisa kutarisisa kwePasi (albedo). Iwe unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvenyaya iyi mune chinyorwa nezve kupisa kwepasi pose kuona kuti inobatana sei nemamwe matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza.
Zvimedu zviri mumhepo zvinogona kuratidza mwaranzi yezuva kudzokera muchadenga, ine a kutonhora kana refrigerant effect. Nekudaro, ivo vanogona zvakare kutora infrared radiation inoburitswa nePasi, ichibatsira kune kudziya kwepasi rose.
Iko kuverengera kwepasirese kwezviviri mhedzisiro kuchakonzera shanduko yekushisa kwepasi mune imwe nzira kana imwe, asi chero zvakadaro, kushandura yekutanga uye yakakwana tembiricha yepuraneti yehupenyu hwePasi.
Zvinokanganisa hutano hwevanhu
Kunyangwe mvura yeasidhi pachayo isingamiriri njodzi yakananga kuhutano hwevanhu, kukanganisa kwayo kune zvakatipoteredza kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro isina kunanga. Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunotungamira kunaya kweasidhi kunogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema, kunyanya muvanhu vane pre-existing conditions zvakadai seasthma.
Uyewo, Kupinzwa kwechikafu chakasvibiswa nesimbi dzakaburitswa nevhu acidification inogona kumiririra njodzi kwenguva refu yehutano hwevanhu, sezvakataurwa mu migumisiro yekuparara kwezvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisa kunaka kwehupenyu hwedu.
Mhinduro uye nzira dzekudzikisa
Kugadzirisa dambudziko rekunaya kweasidhi kunoda nzira yakazara inobatanidza zviyero munzvimbo, yenyika uye pasi rose. Iwo akakosha marongero akaiswa mumaprotocol ezvakatipoteredza angave:
- Kuderedza emission: shandisa tekinoroji dzakachena mumaindasitiri uye zvidyarwa zvemagetsi kuderedza kuburitswa kwesarufa dioxide uye nitrogen oxides. Kusimudzirwa kwesimba remagetsi rinowanikwazve (green energy) kunoitawo basa rakakosha panyaya iyi.
- Kudzora kuburitsa mukufambisa: gadza mitemo yemitemo inorambidza kushandiswa kwemotokari dzinosvibisa uye kukurudzira kushandiswa kwemotokari yemagetsi uye mamwe maitiro akasimba ekufambisa.
- Ivhu fetiraiza: Munzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nevhu acidification, matanho ekugadzirisa anogona kushandiswa kuderedza acidity uye kudzorera hutano hwevhu. Izvi zvakakosha kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwemvura nesimbi dzinorema.
- Kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika: Asidhi inonaya haina miganhu, saka kubatana pakati penyika kunokosha. Kugadzira zvibvumirano zvepasi rose uye zvibvumirano zvekudzikisa kuburitswa kwepasi rose kwakakosha kugadzirisa dambudziko iri zvakanyanya.
Kune nyika yakagadzikana
Acid mvura inomiririra dambudziko guru rezvakatipoteredza iro rinokanganisa zvakanyanya zvisikwa uye hutano hwevanhu.
Nzanga yemazuva ano inotenderera indasitiri yeoiri senzvimbo huru yesimba. Chero bedzi tichitsamira pahuturu iyi, maindasitiri acharamba achibudisa zvinhu zvinokonzeresa zvine ngozi zvemvura ine acid inokuvadza gadziriro yezvipenyu zvikuru kwazvo. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti titore matanho akasarudzika anodzikisa zvechokwadi uye nemazvo kuburitsa uku, uye nekudaro kuderedza kukonzeresa kwakashata.
Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwesimba rakasvibira kuri kusimudzirwa parizvino uye kune mishandirapamwe yekuzivisa veruzhinji, tichine nzira refu yekufamba munzira iyi yekuenda kune nyika yakagadzikana. Parizvino, tsvakiridzo yesainzi inoramba ichishanda mukuvandudza mamwe marudzi esimba ayo, nemaitiro akakodzera ekuita, anogona kuitika.
Tinovimba kuti munguva pfupi tichakwanisa kutaura kuti isu takadzivirirwa kubva kune acid mvura: dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza rinoda kukurumidza kuita.
