Mushure memakore angangoita makumi manomwe kubva pakutanga kwayo, mifananidzo yeRomanesque yemamongi eSan Lourenzo de Carboeiro Vadzokera kuGalicia. Vari kukweretwa, asi kudzoserwa kwavo kunoratidza danho guru mukutarisira nhaka yenhoroondo uye mukushandira pamwe pakati pehutungamiriri hwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinozvitonga.
Izvi zvikamu zviviri zvezana remakore rechi13, Kristu muMasimba kana kuti Pantocrator uye dombo rine zviratidzo zveVaevhangeri, iyo yaiumba chikamu che tympanum huru yekumadokero kweimba yemamongi yeSilleda. Mushure mekubiwa pakati pezana remakore rechi20 uye kuguma kwava muFrederic Marès Museum muBarcelona, ​​​​ikozvino yava kuratidzwa mu Museum of Pilgrimages neSantiago, pakati penzvimbo yenhoroondo yeSantiago de Compostela.
Chibvumirano chechikwereti chenguva refu pakati peGalicia neBarcelona
Kudzorerwa kwezvidimbu kwave kuchikwanisika nekuda kwe chibvumirano pakati peXunta de Galicia neBarcelona City Council, muridzi weFrederic Marès Museum. Zvivezwa izvi zvinosvika sechikwereti chenguva refu, pamwe ne nguva yekutanga yemakore gumi, inogona kuwedzerwa kwemamwe gumi, chibvumirano chechikwereti chinovimbisa kuvapo kwayo muGalicia kweanosvika makore makumi maviri.
Kubva kuDhipatimendi reTsika, Lingua e Xuventude, mukuru wedhipatimendi, José López CamposAkasimbisa kuti iyi haisi danho rekutonga chete, asi kuzvipira kuvanhu vekuGalician: chinangwa ndechekuti mabasa aya awanikwe kune veruzhinji mune Musiyamu wevanhu vose wekuGalician une mitemo yakafanana yekuchengetedza zvavaiva nazvo muBarcelona.
Vachimiririra Barcelona City Council, Councillor weCultural and Creative Industries, Xavier MarcéAkasimbisa kuti chikwereti ichi chikamu chechirongwa chekudzidzira Kuvimbika kwemasangano nekushandira pamwe pakati pehurumendeAkasimbisa kuti kubva pakutanga paive nechido chekusvika pakunzwisisana kwaizogutsa mapato ese ari maviri uye izvo zvaizovimbisa kuti zvifananidzo zvicharatidzwa munzvimbo yakakodzera, inosvikika uye yakachengeteka.
Vamiriri vemasangano ese ari maviri vakasimbisa kuti maitiro aya akaitwa ne diplomacy inoonekwa seyemuenzanisouye vanoratidza tariro yavo yekuti nzira iyi ichava muenzaniso kune dzimwe nyaya dze kudzorerwa kwezvinhu zvakawanikwa zvisiri pamutemo mumamiziyamu ekuEurope.
Chibvumirano ichi chinosanganisira kuzvipira kuchengetedza mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza, kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza uye kuratidza yezvifananidzo, nenzira yakafanana neyavaiva nayo muMuseu Frederic Marès, kwavakapinda muna 1980 mushure mekunge vatengwa kubva kumuunganidzi wepachivande.
Kubva pakupamba kusvika pakudzoka: nyaya yemakumi emakore
Zvivezwa zviviri izvi ndezva main tympanum yekumadokero portal yemonastery yeSan Lourenzo de Carboeiro, boka reRomanesque rekureva muGalicia, rakabatana nenzvimbo yehunyanzvi ye Musangano weMaster Mateo yatova iyo Santiago's CathedralMuzana remakore rechi20, imba yemamongi yakapambwa kakawanda, uye kubiwa kwezvinhu izvi kunoonekwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvakakomba.
Kuba uku kwakaitika kuma1950 uye kwakataurwa kare [zuva haripo]. 1957 rakanyorwa nemuongorori nemunyori Xosé Filgueira ValverdePanguva iyoyo, monastery yaichengetedzwa zvakanyanya: yakanga yaziviswa kuti National Monument muna 1931, izvo zvakarambidza zviri pamutemo kubviswa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka kana zvekuveza kubva munzvimbo yacho.
Pasinei nekunyunyuta, zvidimbu zvacho zvakazopedzisira zvatengeswa pamusika wepachivande uye, pakupedzisira, Muna 1980 zvakatengwa neFrederic Marès Museum kumhuri yega. Zviri pamutemo, kutenga kwacho kwaitevera nzira dzekutenga miziyamu; zvisinei, mavambo asiri pamutemo ezvifananidzo izvi akaratidza kukosha kwazvo. mamiriro ezvinhu ezvinhu kunze kwekutengeserana kubva panguva yavakabviswa pachivako.
Kwemakumi emakore, nzvimbo yemabasa muBarcelona yakazozivikanwa mumasangano edzidzo, asi Pakanga pasina humbowo hwakajeka hwemagwaro Nezvezuva nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuba, chinhu chikuru ndechekusimbisa chikumbiro chakasimba.
Mukaha iwoyo wakazadzwa nekuda kwebasa remunyori wenhoroondo. Francisco Prado-Vilar, uyo akatevera zvinyorwa zvekare kusvika awana magwaro airatidza kunyunyuta kwekubiwa kwezvivezwa muna 1957. Kubva ipapo, zvaikwanisika kuratidza kuti chero basa rekutengeserana rakazotevera rinosanganisira zvifananidzo raive hazvibvumidzwe pamutemo, sezvo zviri zvidimbu zvakachengetedzwa zvechirangaridzo chakaziviswa.
Basa guru rekutsvagisa nhoroondo
Mupiro we Francisco Prado-Vilar Akaonekwa nemativi ese senzira yakakosha yekuita kuti kudzoka kwake kuitike. Tsvagiridzo yake yemagwaro yakabvumira kugadzirazve nzira yezvifananidzo, tsvaga gwaro rekuba uye batanidza zvese zvinodiwa pamutemo kuti uwane mari yekuripira.
Nyanzvi yezvenhoroondo yezveunyanzvi yakatsanangura nguva ino se "chiitiko chenhoroondo" kuna Galicia. Anosimbisa kuti Carboeiro "chimwe chezviyeuchidzo zvedu zvikuru, zvine chekuita nechechi huru yeSantiago uye nzvimbo yekushandira yaTenzi Mateo," uye anoyeuka kuti muzana remakore rechi20 yakatambura nemabasa akawanda ekupamba akabvisa zvifananidzo zvekuvaka zvakasiyana-siyana.
Kubva pamaonero ekunyora, Prado-Vilar anoti tiri kubata nemabasa "chinokosha uye chakakosha" pakunzwisisa hunyanzvi hweGalician RomanesqueKristu muHukuru anozivikanwa ne "chiito chakafanana nechaMateo" chechiso, chakabatana zvakanyanya nemutauro we Portico yeKubwinyaKunyange zvazvo zororo reevhangeri richiratidza kunyorwa kwaro uko mifananidzo yacho inoita seinoyerera, chimwe chinhu chisingawanzoitiki uye chinonakidza zvikuru pakudzidza kwemusangano weMateo.
Kune muongorori, kudzoka kwezvifananidzo ndiko "kudzoreredzwa kwakakosha kwenhaka yeGalicia"Kwete nekuda kwekunaka kwavo chete, asiwo nekuti muCarboeiro mamiriro ekutanga ekuvaka akachengetedzwa, asi hapana zvidimbu zvekuveza zvinosara zviripo. Kuva nemifananidzo iyi zvakare kunotibvumira kuvaka patsva, kunyangwe zvishoma, kududzirwa kwetympanum yekutanga.
Pachiitiko chekuratidzwa kwechiitiko ichi paMuseum of Pilgrimages, vakuru vedunhu vakatenda Prado-Vilar nebasa rake pamwe nevatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika vaivepo. Kukurukurirana kwacho kwakatanga makore matatu apfuura., apo Xunta yakatanga kutaurirana zviri pamutemo neBarcelona City Council kuti vakwanise kutamisa nharaunda iyi.
Zvivezwa nenzvimbo yazvo itsva muMuseum of Pilgrimages
Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, zvifananidzo zvose zviri zviviri zvinogona kuonekwa pasi pe Museum of Pilgrimages neSantiago, munzvimbo ine mukana wekupinda nekukurumidza kune vashanyi. Mutungamiriri wemuseum, Esperanza Gigirey, yakaratidza kuti iri pamusoro pe «muunganidzwa wakasiyana wenhaka yedu yepakati nepakati", vachibatanidza zvifananidzo izvi munyaya iyo nzvimbo yacho inogadzira nezve nhoroondo yemweyahunyanzvi netsika zveCompostela.
Zvidimbu zvakadzoka, kune rumwe rutivi, mufananidzo wepantocrator, Kristu muMambo akatungamira tympanum, uye kune rumwe rutivi zororo ne zviratidzo zvevaevhangeri Mutsvene Ruka naMutsvene JohaneMifananidzo yematombo yevamwe vaparidzi vaviri, Mutsvene Mateo naMutsvene Mako, ichiri kuchengetwa mu tympanum yaCarboeiro pachayo, zvichitibvumira kuona chinyorwa chepakutanga kunyangwe chave chakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo mbiri.
Sarudzo yekuisa zvifananidzo kwenguva pfupi muSantiago inopindura kudiwa kwekudzora mamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedzeka, kuchengetedza kudzivirira, uye rondedzero yekuratidzira inozviisa mumamiriro ezvinhu. Hurumende yeGalician Regional (Xunta) neBarcelona City Council vakasimbisa kuti, munguva yekukwereta, zvifananidzo zvichave nekuwana [zvishandiso/matanho anodiwa]. vimbiso dzehunyanzvi dzakafanana zvavaiva nazvo muFrederic Marès Museum.
Kuratidzwa kwezvifananidzo kuvanhu kwakonzera mufaro mukuru. Pazuva rekuratidzwa kwavo, mangwanani-ngwanani, kuwanda kwevashanyi kusingawanzoitiki Vakaungana pamasuo emiziyamu, iri muPlaza de PlaterÃas, pasi peSantiago Cathedral, vachiratidza kufarira kweveruzhinji kuona mabasa aya zvakare munzvimbo yeGalician.
Vakuru vakuru, nyanzvi dzezvetsika, vagari vemuSilleda, nevaoni vaida kuziva vakasangana mumamiriro ezvinhu akabatana manzwiro akadziviswa uye pfungwa yekururamisirwa kwenhakaKune vanhu vazhinji, waive mukana wekutanga kuona zvifananidzo zviviri zviri pedyo zvavaingoziva kubva mumifananidzo kana mareferensi emabhuku.
Danho repakati rekuenda kuCarboeiro rinogona kudzoka zvechokwadi
Kunyangwe vagutsikana nekudzoka kwekambani, vatungamiriri nenyanzvi vanosimbirira kuti Chikwereti ichi chinofanira kunzwisiswa sechikamu chepakatiPrado-Vilar pachake anotaura seizvi: «Iri idanho rekudzoka zvachose. Zvifananidzo hazvifanirwe kubva kuGalicia zvakare.".
Chinangwa chavanhu vose ndechekuti, kana chirongwa chakakodzera chemuseum muCarboeiro monastery pachayoZvidimbu zvacho zvinogona kudzoserwa kuSilleda kuti zvizobatanidzwa zvachose muchivako chemamongi. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti nzvimbo yekuratidzwa yeramangwana haizongoratidzi zvifananidzo chete, asiwo inotsanangura nhoroondo yazvo nenzira yekudzidzisa, kusanganisira kubiwa kwavakaitwa, tsvakiridzo yakaita kuti vadzoke, uye kukosha kweunyanzvi kwechivako ichi.
Meya weSilleda, Paula Fernández, varipo pachiitiko ichi muSantiago, vakatsanangura kusvika kwezvifananidzo muGalicia se «danho rekutanga rinokosha zvikuru» kuna iye kudzokera kunzvimbo kwavanofanira kuva: the mosteiro de CarboeiroAkaratidza kutenda kwake nekushandira pamwe pakati pemasangano, asi akajekesa kuti chinangwa chekanzuru ndechekuti mabasa aya apedzwe. kudzokera "kumba" kwavo kana paine zvivakwa zvinodiwa.
Fernández akataura kuti imba yemamongi inoda kupindira kwakakosha uye kwekukurumidzira kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa izvozvo. Mukufunga kwake, kunyange zvazvo zvinganzwisisika kuti zvidimbu zvacho hazvifanirwe kuratidzwa kune mamiriro ekunze, zvinofanira kuvapo panyama panzvimbo yemamongi, munzvimbo yemukati yakaita semiziyamu inovimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwayo uye inowedzera kukosha kwayo kwekufananidzira kune nharaunda yemuno.
Xunta yakadzokorora chido chayo chekushanda neSilleda Town Council pa kutsvaga mafomura ekushandira pamwe nekudyara mari izvo zvichaita kuti chirongwa ichi chiitike. Gurukota reTsika vakasimbisa kuti nguva yekukwereta kwenguva refu inopa nguva inodiwa yekugadzira nekuita basa rekugadzirisa nekuvandudza miziyamu rinodiwa neimba yemamongi.
Panguva iyi, danho repakati rekuzviratidza muSantiago rine tsananguro yehurongwa: inowedzera ruzivo rweveruzhinji nezveCarboeiroInosimbisa hukama huripo pakati peimba yemamongi nekereke huru uye inobatsira kuisa chirongwa chemiziyamu yeramangwana senzvimbo yekutarisa muEuropean Romanesque.
Mhedzisiro yenhaka yeGalician uye mukana wekudzorera zvinhu zvitsva
Kunze kwenyaya chaiyo yaCarboeiro, chibvumirano ichi chinodudzirwa se muenzaniso wakakodzera wekudzoreredza zvimwe zvinhu zvetsika yakabatana neGalicia iyo ikozvino iri mumamiziyamu enyika kana ekunze kwenyika. Vakuru vakuru naPrado-Vilar pachake vakapa mienzaniso inogona kutevera nzira yakafanana.
Pakati pavo, zvinotevera zvinoonekwa: mbiru dzeSan Paio de Antealtares, iyo yakatsigira iri muchechi huru yeSantiago uye iyo yakachengetedzwa pari zvino mu National Archaeological Museum, muMadridMunyori wenhoroondo anotaura kuti kanenge kamwe chete kana maviri emakoramu iwayo anogona kudzokera kuCompostela, kungave kukereke huru kana kumiziyamu yemuno, sechikamu chemutemo wekudyidzana pakati pemasangano etsika.
Kudzoka kuGalicia munguva pfupi yapfuura mifananidzo yaAbrahama naIsaka naTenzi MateoZvinhu izvi, zvaive mumaoko emhuri yaFranco uye, mushure menguva refu yekutongwa, zvave zvichiratidzwa paMuseo do Pobo Galego kubvira muna Zvita, zvakasiyana zvikuru nerwendo urwu rurefu uye rune gakava. Nyaya yaCarboeiro inoratidza muenzaniso wakajeka weizvi. zvakanakira hurukuro nezvibvumirano zvehutungamiriri.
Meya weSantiago, Goretti SanmartÃnAkatsigira chaizvo rudzi urwu rwekushandira pamwe senzira yakanakisisa yekuzadzisa kudzoserwa kwezvimwe zvinhu yezvidimbu izvo, kunyangwe zviri pamutemo mumamiziyamu ari kunze kweGalicia, zvinomiririra anomaly kubva pakuona kwekubatana kwenhoroondo uye kwekufananidzira nenzvimbo yaro yakabva.
Gurukota reTsika vabvumirana kuti nyaya yezvifananidzo zvaCarboeiro inovhura musuwo wekutaura nezvezvitsva zvitsvanguva dzose pasi pemitemo yehunyanzvi uye yepamutemo uye nechinangwa chimwe chete chekuti nhaka yetsika inopindura, sezvinobvira, kune mamiriro ayo ekutanga, pasina kuramba kushanda pamwe chete pakati pemamiziyamu munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Muchiitiko ichi, kushanda pamwe chete pakati pevaongorori, vatungamiriri nemahofisi emamiziyamu kunoratidzwa sechinhu chakakosha: magwaro enhoroondo akasimba, chido chezvematongerwo enyika, uye kushandira pamwe kwemasangano Vanova mbiru nhatu dzinoshandiswa kugadzirisa mabasa akapararira mune ramangwana.
Carboeiro, "imwe Portico yeKubwinya" uye fungidziro yayo yeramangwana
Imba yemamongi yeSan Lourenzo de Carboeiro, iri mudunhu reSilleda (Pontevedra), inoonekwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzakakurumbira dzechitendero ichi. anonyanya kukosha eRomanesque complexes muGaliciaYaiva imwe yedzimba dzekutanga kugamuchira chiziviso che Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC) munharaunda, mumakore ekuma1930, uye ine hukama hwepedyo hwehunyanzvi neSantiago Cathedral.
Tsvagiridzo ichangobva kuitwa yakasimbisa pfungwa yekuti puratifomu yeCarboeiro yakagadzirwa mu nzvimbo yakapoteredza chikoro chaMaster Mateoizvo zvakaita kuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzitaure nezveboka iri se "Rimwe Vharanda reKubwinya"Kubatana uku kunowedzera kukwezva kwakakosha kune vadzidzi vehunyanzvi hweRomanesque pamwe neveruzhinji vanofarira hunyanzvi hwepakati nepakati.
Meya weSilleda anosimbirira kuti zvifananidzo zvidzoserwe zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakosha pakushanya kwetsika yenzvimbo iyi. Anotenda kuti kuwanazve zvidimbu izvi kuchabatsira kuwedzera kukosha kwemonasteri nenzvimbo dzayo dzechisikigo, uye kuti inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kushanyazvichiita kuti Carboeiro ive chinhu chinokwezva kune avo vatove pedyo neSantiago uye vari kutsvaga nzira dzinoenderana.
Kune vagari veko, kudzoka kwehukuru kunoonekwawo senzira ye muripo wetsika uye wekufananidziraMushure memakumi emakore ekuona chikamu chakakosha chenhaka yayo chichinyangarika, tarisiro yekuti zvifananidzo izvi zvidzokezve kuimba yemamongi inoonekwa se nyaya yekururamisira kwenhoroondo nenzvimbo yacho uye nezvizvarwa zvakachengeta chiyeuchidzo chezvakapambwa.
Kutarisa mberi, dambudziko riri mu gadzira chirongwa chemuseum muCarboeiro Chinangwa ndechekubatanidza zvifananidzo izvi munzira inorondedzera nyaya yazvo nenzira yakajeka uye inonakidza. Pfungwa yacho ndeyekuti vashanyi vanzwisise kwete chete kukosha kwehunyanzvi hwezvifananidzo izvi, asiwo mamiriro azvakagadzirwa, kupambwa kwazvakaitirwa, nguva yazvo muBarcelona, ​​​​uye kushanda kwakaoma kwakaita kuti zvidzoke.
Nemifananidzo yava kuratidzwa paMuseum of Pilgrimages, maitiro acho anopinda muchikamu chitsva: chekubatanidza kubatana, kuchengetedza zviwanikwa, uye kutsanangura modhi yekutarisira inoita kuti ienderane. kuchengetedza mabasa kwenguva refu nekuratidzwa kwavo munzvimbo yavakafungirwa. Izvo makore mashoma apfuura zvairatidzika kunge chishuwo chenyanzvi nevanhu veko zvashandurwa kuita chirongwa chine nguva yekupedzisira, zvibvumirano uye rutsigiro rwakakura rwemasangano, izvo zvinogona kuchinja mepu yenhaka yeRomanesque muGalicia uye kushanda sechiratidzo kune dzimwe nyaya muSpain neEurope.
