El Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeChile Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinoita sedziri panzvimbo imwe chete: mapani ari pamusoro pe3.800 metres pamusoro pegungwa, makomo anoputika akafukidzwa nechando, madhamu ebhuruu-magetsi, nemisha midiki uko nguva inoita seisingaenderane nenguva. Muchinyorwa chino, muchawana Gwaro rakazara renzvimbo dzinofanirwa kuonekwa dzemakomo eChile, kusanganisa zvisikwa zvemusango, matsime emvura inopisa, misha yenhaka, mhuka dzemuAndes netsika dzave dzichirarama kwemazana emakore.
Kupfuura maposcard akajairwa, nzvimbo yakakwirira inzvimbowo ine vanhu vakawanda. Ngano dzeAymara, nzira dzekoloni, migodhi yemvura ine munyu, uye nzvimbo dzisingatarisirwi dzemvura Pakati perenje rakaoma kwazvo pasi rose. Kana uri kuronga rwendo rurefu nekuchamhembe kweChile kana kungoda kurota nezvezororo rako rinotevera, hezvino zvese zvausingakwanise kupotsa, zvakatsanangurwa zvakadzama uye nemazano akawanda anoshanda ekukubatsira kushandisa rwendo rwako zvakanyanya.
Chii chinonzi Chilean Altiplano uye chiri kupi?
Patinotaura nezvenzvimbo dzakakwirira, tiri kureva nzvimbo yakakura yeAndean inotambanukira kuburikidza neChile, Bolivia, Peru neArgentinapaavhareji yekukwirira kweinenge mamita 3.800 pamusoro pegungwa. Kana iri Chile, nzvimbo iyi iri kuchamhembe kwenyika, kubva kuArica neParinacota Region kumaodzanyemba, ichiumba chikamu cheAndean Altiplano ine mukurumbira.
Kuchamhembe kweChile, kusvika kudunhu reChañaral, Andes inokwira se gomo guru rinotarisana nepakati pekudengenyeka kwenyikaMugumisiro wacho igomo guru rakarerekera uko makomo anoputika, nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzine munyu, nzvimbo dzine mvura, madziva, mipata nemisha midiki inoita seyakarasika muhukuru hwayo inosanganisirwa.
Kunyangwe mamiriro ekunze achiratidzwa nekuve yakaoma zvikuru uye mvura shomaNzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeChile dzine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshamisa, kusanganisira highland floraShiri dzeVicuña, alpacas, guanacos, flamingos, coots, vizcachas, condors nedzimwe shiri dzakawanda dziri mumakomo dzinowana pokugara pano munzvimbo dzine mvura uye munzvimbo dzine munyu dzakakwirira.
Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinoshamisa dzakanyanya kuzara mu Dunhu reArica neParinacota (Lauca National Park, Las Vicuñas National Reserve, Salar de Surire Natural Monument, mataundi akaita sePutre kana Socoroma) uye, kumaodzanyemba, munzvimbo dzakapoteredza Iquique, iyo Pica Oasis kana iyo Huasco Salt Flat, kuwedzera kumigodhi yemunyu ine chlorine uye matsime emvura inopisa akavanda mumakomo.
Nzira yekusvika uye nguva yekuenda kuChilean Altiplano
Nzira inonyanya kushandiswa yekupinda mugomo refu ndiyo guta reAricaQuito, zita remadunhurirwa rekuti guta rechirimo chisingaperi nekuda kwemamiriro aro ekunze akapfava. Kune ndege dzakananga kubva kuSantiago, uye kana wasvika ikoko, unogona kurenda mota kuti uite nzira yacho wega kana kuti ubhadhare nzendo dzakarongwa dzinoenda kuPutre, Lauca National Park neSurire Salt Flat.
Imwe sarudzo ndeye kushandisa Iquique sehwarokunyanya kana pfungwa yako iri yekubatanidza nzvimbo dzakakwirira nemigodhi yemunyu, matsime emvura akadai sePica, matsime emvura inopisa eMamiña, madziva akasiyana akadai seLaguna Roja, kana nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakadai se Huasco Salt Flat uye Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve. Kubva kuIquique, unewo migwagwa yakagadzirwa nematombo inopinda mukati meguta uye sarudzo yakanaka yerwendo runotungamirirwa.
Nezvenguva yakanakisa yekufamba, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeChile dzinogona kushanyirwa gore rese Nekuda kwekupisa kwayo kwakanaka masikati, uko kunowanzova pakati pe15 ne26°C. Zvisinei, pakati paMbudzi naKurume mamiriro ekunze anowanzova akagadzikana kune vanoshanyira nyika, nguva dzose tichifunga nezvezvinonzi Chando cheBolivia (mvura yezhizha inogona kuunza makore, madutu uye sinou panzvimbo dzakakwirira).
Vafambi vazhinji vanosarudza kupfuura ne mwaka kana chirimokana mikana yekunaya kwemvura yakaderera uye nzvimbo yacho yakanaka kwazvo. Zvisinei, tembiricha inoderera husiku, saka zvakakosha kuunza mbatya dzinodziya. mbatya dzinodziya zvikuru, ngowani, magurovhosi uye machira akanaka ekupisa.
Chero zvazvingava, panzira dzinopfuura nemapaki nenzvimbo dzakachengetwa unofanira kutarisa Ruzivo rwepamutemo pawebhusaiti yeCONAFkwaunowana ruzivo rwechizvino-zvino pamusoro pekupinda, mapemiti, nzira dzakavhurika uye kuvharwa kwenguva pfupi.
Kugadzirira uye mazano ekukwirira
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeChile ndeche kukwiraNzvimbo zhinji dzauchashanyira dziri pamusoro pemamita anopfuura 4.000 pamusoro pegungwa, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti usazvidya mwoyo uye uremekedze maitiro ekujairana negungwa kuti udzivise chirwere chekare chekukwira kana kuti Pune.
Chinhu chinokurudzirwa kuita kushandisa mari mazuva maviri zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiwedzeraSemuenzaniso, kubva kuArica (pedyo negungwa), zano rakanaka kwazvo nderekurara kutanga mumaguta ari pakati pe2.500 ne3.500 metres, akadai seSocoroma kana Putre, usati waenda zvakananga kuLake Chungará kana kuSurire Salt Flat.
Kunwa mvura yakawanda mukati mezuva, kunyangwe usina nyota, kunobatsira zvikuru: nguva dzose hydration Chinhu chakakosha pakuderedza migumisiro yekukwira kwemakomo. Vatungamiriri vazhinji vemunharaunda vanokurudzirawo tii yekoka, inowanzoonekwa munzvimbo iyi, iyo inonwiwa muchidimbu uye inobatsira kuderedza kusagadzikana kudiki.
Zvakakosha kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma, kudzivirira kurovedza muviri kamwe kamwe mumaawa mashoma ekutanga pakukwirira kwega kwega uye Usadya chikafu chinorema Nguva pfupi usati wakwira. Kana wakambosangana nedambudziko rekukwirira (semuenzaniso, kumageyser eTatio kana kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira), zvinokurudzirwa kuti ukurukure izvi nemutungamiriri wako uye, kana zvichidikanwa, bvunza chiremba rwendo rwako rusati rwatanga.
Vafambisi vemarwendo munzvimbo dzakakwirira vanowanzo ziva nyaya idzi uye vanotora matanho chaiwo ekujairira: kumira pakati nepakati panzvimbo dzekuona, kufamba-famba pakakwirira kwakasiyana uye mazano anogara achikurudzirwa pamusoro pemvura inonaya uye kumhanya kwekufamba.
Misha yemakomo muArica neParinacota Region
Dunhu reArica neParinacota rinonyanya kutarisisa mamwe ematunhu aya. Misha yakanaka kwazvo yemakomo ine nhaka inokosha zvikuru yeChile. Mazhinji acho aive chikamu chenzira dzekare dzekoloni uye nhasi uno dzakabatana nedzinonzi Nzira yeMishoni, chirongwa chekufamba chinosanganisira machechi anopfuura makumi matatu emuAndean akavakwa pakati pezana remakore rechi16 nerechi17.
Nzira iyi, iyo yakabatanidza nyaya dzengano Potosí (muBolivia) nechiteshi chengarava cheArica, chaimbova nzira huru yekutakura sirivha nezvimwe zvicherwa. Mapoka emhuka dzakatakura aiyambuka masikati neusiku, uye munzira misha midiki yaigamuchira vanhu yaimuka ine makamuri ematombo, denga revhu, uye denga reuswa richiripo nanhasi.
Nhasi, mazhinji ematembere aya ave yakadzorerwa uye yakavhurika kune vekushanyaichipa musanganiswa wakasiyana wezvivakwa zvekoloni, hunyanzvi hutsvene, uye pesvedzero dzeAndes. Kubva kuArica, unogona kubhuka nzendo dzinosvika ku Poconchile, Socoroma, Putre, Belén, Ticnamar, Visviri nedzimwe misha mizhinji inoita seyakaomesesa nekufamba kwenguva.
Socoroma, guta rekujairira
Socoroma iri munzvimbo ye Dunhu reParinacota, riri pamusoro pemamita 3.000 pamusoro pegungwaIzvi zvinoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga kujairana nenzvimbo yakakwirira kana chinangwa chako chinotevera chiri Lake Chungará kana Lauca National Park.
Taundi diki iri, rakabva kuColumbian isati yasvika, rakazotorwa nevaSpanish, uye chapel inotangira munenge muna 1560Marongerwo eguta anochengetedza chimiro chakadzika chenyika dzevagari vemo, nemigwagwa yakamanikana yakagadzirwa nematombo, mimwe yacho yaimboshandiswa mabhiza evanofamba nemabhiza muleeter vaiyambuka nzvimbo iyi.
La Chechi yesan franciscoChapel iyi, yakavakwa nematombo akavezwa neadobe uye yakagadziriswazve muna 1883, ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvayo zvikuru. Mavakirwo ayo ane simba rakajeka kubva kuHispanic uye ane zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana nemamwe machapel akawanda kuchamhembe kweChile, akavakwa zvakanyanya neadobe. Uyezve, Socoroma yakazivikanwa munyika yese nekuda kwerwiyo urwu. "Mugwagwa unoenda kuSocoroma", yakaitwa neboka reLos Yanacochas paViña del Mar Mutambo muna 1988.
Putre, taundi reAndes riri pakati pengano nemakomo
Putre inokwira pasi pemakomo eAndean asati asvika, anenge Mamita zviuru zvishanu pamusoro pegungwaInoshanda seguta guru revashanyi renzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeArica neParinacota. Nzira zhinji dzinoenda kuLauca National Park, kuCotacotani Lagoons, uye kuSurire Salt Flat dzinobva pano.
Mhepo yemusha inoita kuti munhu afambe zvishoma nezvishoma: migwagwa ine guruva nematombo, dzimba dzakaderera, nzvimbo dzakanyarara uye chechi yenhoroondo (Chechi yePutre, yakatangira kuma1690) muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo wekuvaka kwechitendero cheAndean. Inzvimbo yakanaka zvakare yekukurukura nevanhu veko uye kudzidza zvakananga nezve Ngano dzeAymara yemakomo anoputika anodzivirira, midzimu inochengetedza, uye rudo rusingagoneki.
Vafambi vazhinji vanogara mudzimba dziri nyore asi dzinogamuchira vaenzi, dzakadai semakamuri ekurara nemakomo, pamwe chete nedzimba dzekugara. Mvura inopisa, kudziyisa nemagetsi uye kudya kwemangwanani kwakanaka kuti utange rwendo rwako wagadzirira zvakanaka. Zvinodiwa zvekudya zvemuno zvinotenderera pakudya zvine quinoa, chibage, nyama yealpaca, passionfruit (muchero wakajairika) nezvimwe zvinonaka zvemumakomo.
Chiitiko chinokosheswa zvikuru kune avo vanofamba munzvimbo iyi kushanya ku misha midiki yakaita seMallkuYakavakwa nevafambi vaviri vakasarudza kugara pamakiromita angangoita 3.100 vari vega, ichipa vashanyi chingwa chakagadzirwa kumba netii yecoca. Kusangana uku kunobvumira munhu kubatana nepfungwa dzeAndes dzehupenyu, dzakavakirwa pakuremekedza zvisikwa uye kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kwehupenyu.
Lauca National Park, Lake Chungará neCotacotani Lagoons
El Paki yeNyika yeLauca Pasina mubvunzo, ndeimwe yepfuma huru yechisikigo yenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeChile. Nzvimbo Yekuchengetedza Zvipenyu Pasi PoseIri panzvimbo yakakwirira kupfuura mamita 4.500 uye ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisa madziva, makomo anoputika, nzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda uye nzvimbo dzakakura dzehuswa dzakakwirira.
Paki iyi iri Nyanza yeChungaraGungwa reTiticaca, rinoonekwa serimwe remadziva akareba kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose, riri panzvimbo inosvika mamita 4.500 pamusoro pegungwa, rine nzvimbo inodarika makiromita 21. Rakakomberedzwa nemakomo makuru. Parinacota uye Pomerape makomo anoputika, vanozivikanwa sePayachatas (mukoma nevanun'una vaviri), kuwedzera kune mamwe mahombe akadai segomo reSajama rakafukidzwa nechando uye gomo rinoputika reGuallatiri riri pamucheto.
Kusanganiswa kwemvura yakadzika yebhuruu, makomo akafukidzwa nechando, uye mhuka dzesango dzinofamba-famba zvinoita kuti kushanya kuve mutambo unoyevedza. Pamhenderekedzo yedziva unogona kuona alpacas, llamas, vicuñas, guanacos, makava, pumas isinganzwisisike uye shiri dzakadai semakondomu, rhea nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana eflamingo anoshandisa nzvimbo dzine peat bogs nenzvimbo dzakanyorova dziri pedyo.
Pamberi zvishoma pane Madhamu eCotacotanNzvimbo dzakatevedzana dzemvura dzakabatana dziri makiromita angangoita mana kubva kuLake Chungará, mukati mepaki imwe chete. Inzvimbo yakanaka yekuita kufamba rwendo rwezuva rose, ine nzira dzinowanzova pakati pemakiromita 9 ne10, dzichipfuura nepanzvimbo dzekuona dzine maonero akanaka pamusoro peboka remadziva nemakomo anoputika.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti ushanyire Lauca nemadziva ayo uine kutungamirirwaSezvo nzvimbo iyi ichida kukwira zvakanyanya, zvinokurudzirwa kuenda nenyanzvi dzinoziva nzvimbo iyi, dzinogona kudzora nguva, uye dzinoziva maitiro ekuita kana paine zviratidzo zvekurwara nekukwirira.
Las Vicuñas National Reserve uye Surire Salt Flat
Pedyo neLauca National Park inowedzera nzvimbo yacho Las Vicuñas National ReserveNzvimbo yakachengetedzwa ine mahekita anopfuura 200.000 inochengetedza nzvimbo dzakakura dzeuswa nenzvimbo dzine mvura shoma dzinodiwa kumhuka dzemuAndean. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rayo, ndeimwe yenzvimbo idzi. nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekuona vicuñas munzvimbo dzadzo dzechisikigo, pamwe chete nedzimwe mhando dzeAndean dzakadai sepuna armadillo, puna guinea pig kana dhadha reAndean.
Nzvimbo iyi zvakare inzvimbo yetsika, uko zvinhu zvinochengetedzwa Nharaunda dzeAymara dzine tsika dzemadzitateguru Kugadzikana kwenzvimbo iyi kunoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka kune avo vanoda kusava nehukama hwakasimba nezvisikwa, pamwe nekuchengeta ngamera dzakapfava, kurima munzvimbo dzakakwirira, uye tsika dzechitendero.
Kure mukati menyika, pakakwirira kupfuura mamita 4.000, ndipo pane Surire Salt FlatChifananidzo chechisikigo chine runako runokatyamadza. Pamusoro payo pechena, ine munyu unoratidza denga rebhuruu rakanyanya, zvichiita kuti pave nemaonero akasiyana-siyana enzvimbo dzakakwirira. Pano ndipo panogara vanhu. mhando nhatu dzeflamingo (Chilean, Andean naJames's), dzinodya mumadhamu ane brackish.
Nzvimbo inosungirwa kumira mukati meichi chiyeuchidzo ndeyekushanyira Polloquere Hot SpringsMadziva aya anozivikanwa nemvura yawo inopisa ine zvicherwa zvakawanda, iyo inobuda kana tembiricha ichidarika 60°C. Vafambi vazhinji vanoshandisa madziva aya kuzorora mushure memaawa akawanda vari mumugwagwa, vachifungisisa runyararo runoshamisa rwenzvimbo dzine munyu.
Kusanganiswa kwemhuka dzesango, nzvimbo dzakanyanya kuipa uye ruzivo rwezvitubu zvinopisa zvinoita kuti Salar de Surire ive imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kushanyirwa nemhuka. nzvimbo dzinofanira kuonekwa neChile Highlandskunyanya kana uchida nzvimbo dziri kure uye dzisina vanhu vakawanda.
Matsime anopisa uye nzvimbo dzinopisa dzenzvimbo dzakakwirira: Jurasi, Mamiña, Pica nePuritama
Nzvimbo yakakwirira uye mipendero yayo yemakomo inovanza huwandu hwakawanda hwe matsime emvura inopisa uye nzvimbo dzemvura dzechisikigo Dzinoshanda semubairo wakakwana mushure mezuva rakaoma rekufamba munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Dzimwe dziri pedyo neArica, dzimwe dziri kuIquique, uye dzimwe dziri kuSan Pedro de Atacama, asi dzose dzine musiyano unoshamisa pakati pemvura inodziya nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza renje.
Jurasi Hot Springs, zororo pakati pemakomo
Chinhambwe chipfupi kubva kuSocoroma, anenge Rwendo rwemaminitsi makumi matatu, ndivo Zvitubu Zvinopisa zveJurasiMadziva emvura anodziya akatevedzana ari pakati pezvisikwa. Iro zano rakanaka kune avo vanoda kuzorodza tsandanyama dzavo mushure mezuva vachiongorora nzvimbo dzakakwirira nenzvimbo dzakaipoteredza.
Matsime emvura inopisa akabatanidzwa munzvimbo ine mipata nenzvimbo dzakaoma, uye akaapoteredza ane miti yakawanda. ngano dzemunoImwe yenyaya dzinozivikanwa zvikuru inotaura nezvemuchindakadzi weInca asina kukwegura nekuda kwesimba remvura idzi, nepo avo vakamupoteredza vakatambura nekufamba kwenguva.
Kunze kwekugeza nemvura inopisa, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita munzvimbo iyi. kufamba zviri nyoreIzvi zvinoita kuti Jurasi ive nzvimbo yakakwana yekuzorora mukati menzira ipi neipi inopfuura neArica neParinacota.
Mamiña Hot Springs, yemhando yepamusoro pedyo neIquique
Makiromita angangoita 125 kubva kuIquique, iri pakati pezvikomo nemipata, pane Mamiña Hot Springs, iri mumupata une zita rimwe chete. Mvura yayo inosvika pa 42 ºC Uye dzagara dzichikurudzirwa kurapa rheumatism, kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama nematambudziko eganda, kana kungozorora munzvimbo ine rugare yekumaruwa.
Kunze kwemadziva ayo emvura inopisa, Mamiña inozivikanwa nekudziva kwayo Madhaka eChineseMadhaka emaminerari anoiswa paganda semhando yespa yechisikigo. Pedzisa rwendo rwako ne Chechi yeSan Marcos, iyo inotangira muna 1632 uye inochengetedza mifananidzo yepakutanga kwevaInca, pamwe chete nemukana wekuona mifananidzo yakavanzika munzvimbo dzakapoteredza, zvapupu zvisingatauri zvekugara kwevanhu kwenguva refu mumupata.
Pica Oasis, ruva mujecha
Chinhambwe cheawa nehafu nemotokari kubva kuIquique ndipo pane Pica Oasiszita rake rinoreva kuti “ruva mujecha.” Uye rinonyatsokodzera: pakati penzvimbo yakaoma yekuchamhembe, guta iri rinoita separadhiso diki ye minda yemichero, miti yemichero uye madziva emvura inopisa kubatikana zvikuru nevafambi nevanhu veko.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokwezva Pica ndicho Cocha ResbaladeroDziva rechisikigo riri pakati pematombo, rine mapako maviri ane zvitubu zvemvura inodziya, rakakwana pakunyorova kunozorodza. Kufamba-famba mumusha uyu kunoyevedzawo: dzimba dzakajairika dzakavakwa nematanda akafukidzwa neGuayaquil cane, zvichichengetedza zvivakwa zvechinyakare.
La Chechi yeSan AndrésYakavakwa pakati pa1880 na1886, ndeimwe nzvimbo inokosha yenhoroondo yetsika. Pica inozivikanwawo pasi rose nekuda kwe Maremoni ePicaDiki, rine muto uye rakakwana pakugadzira chinwiwa chekare cheChilean pisco sour icho vafambi vazhinji vanopedzisira vachiedza mushure mezuva rekupisa nedziva rekushambira.
Puritama Hot Springs, nzvimbo yekuzororera iri pakati peAtacama
Kunyangwe vatove munharaunda ye San Pedro de AtacamaMaPuritama Hot Springs anokodzera zvakakwana chero rwendo rwenzvimbo dzakakwirira rwunoenda kumaodzanyemba. Ari pasi pemakiromita makumi matanhatu kubva kuSan Pedro, pakati perenje rakaoma kwazvo pasi rose, uye anowanikwa nyore nyore nemugwagwa.
Dambudziko racho rine madziva masere emvura inodziya, ine zvicherwaYakanakira vakaroorana nemhuri. Kunze kwehunhu hwavo hwekurapa, chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvePuritama ndechekutaridzika kwayo: madziva akabatana ne nzira yekufamba nemapuranga iyo inopfuura nemumupata uye inotungamira kumakamuri ekuchinjira zvipfeko, zvimbuzi, resitorendi, uye makamuri ekukwiza.
Matsime emvura inopisa anowanzo vhurwa pakati pa9:15 a.m. na17:30 p.m. mugore roseUye zvinokurudzirwa kubhuka pachine nguva munguva yekunaya kwemvura. Musiyano uripo pakati pegomo rakaoma nemvura yakachena yemadziva anoita kuti chiitiko ichi chive chinoyevedza uye chinozorodza.
Waini yeCodpa nePintatani
Kune vamwe chinhambwe cheawa nehafu nemotokari kubva kuAricaYakavanzwa mumupata wakamanikana weVítor (Camarones commune), mune musha we CodpaInzvimbo yakanaka yekumbozorora kwemazuva mashoma, yakakomberedzwa neminda ine minda yakatsetseka nemakomo akaoma, uko hupenyu hunoenderana nekurima nekugadzira waini dzechinyakare.
Kutenda nekufona kwandaita Chando cheBoliviaCodpa inowana mvura inosvika mamirimita mazana matatu pagore, zvichiita kuti minda yemizambiringa ikure zvakanaka munzvimbo isina kungova gwenga chete. Nyeredzi yechirongwa ichi ndeiyi Pintatani, doro remhando yepamusoro rinogadzirwa nemazambiringa ekutanga emwaka, rine kunaka kwakanyanya uye rinokosheswa zvikuru nevanhu vanoda doro zvakanyanya.
Panenge muna Chivabvu, Codpa inova nzvimbo inonyanya kutariswa ne Fiesta de la VendimiaMhemberero inosanganisa tsika dzechitendero, mimhanzi, kutamba, uye, zvechokwadi, waini yakawanda yemuno. Kunze kwenhoroondo yayo ine chekuita newaini, guta iri rinozivikanwa ne... Chechi yeSan Martín de Tours, yakavakwa muna 1668 uye yaionekwa sechechi yechipiri yekare muChile.
Kana hwava husiku, denga riri pamusoro peCodpa rinoshamisika negumbeze re nyeredzi dzinoshamisaNekuda kwekusavapo zvachose kwechiedza chakasviba, inzvimbo yakanaka yekupedzisa zuva rekuongorora nzvimbo dzakakwirira negirazi rePintatani muruoko uye Milky Way ichipenya pamusoro.
Laguna Roja uye humwe hupfumi pedyo neIquique
Nzvimbo yakapoteredza Iquique inopawo zvimwe zvinhu Nzvimbo dzemakomo nenzvimbo dzekare dzeAndes dzisingapotseki izvo zvinobatana zvakanaka nekushanya kuSaltpeter Mines neOases. Pakati pazvo, chinoshamisa chinoonekwa zvakanyanya. Laguna Roja, iri muguta reCamiña, iri kure nemahombekombe kwemaawa anenge matatu.
Inozivikanwa nevagari veko se "Gungwa Dzvuku"Dhamu iri rinoshamisa nekuda kweruvara rutsvuku rwemvura yaro, ruvara rusina kujairika runofungidzirwa kuti rwakabatana ne tembiricha yepamusoro yemvura (pakati pe40 ne50 ºC) uye kuvapo kwetupukanana nealgae pakadzika. Kusiyana neizvi, mamwe madambo emvura akakwirira ane hunhu hwakasiyana hwemuviri nehwehupenyu hunoita kuti anyanye kufadza.
Munguva dzakapfuura, aipiwa mbiri yekuti ndiye masimba makuruKunyanya sezvo vamwe vanhu vechiAymara vanonzi vakafa mushure mekunwa mvura yaro. Nhasi uno, dhamu iri richiri rakafukidzwa nemhepo yechakavanzika, zvichiwedzerwa nekusiyana kuripo pakati pemvura tsvuku nemavara eocher enzvimbo yakapoteredza.
Munzvimbo iyi unogona zvakare kusanganisa kushanya kwako nenzvimbo dzakadai se Huasco Salt FlatYakaziviswa seNzvimbo Inochengetedza Zvisikwa, iyi nzvimbo ine munyu iri panzvimbo yakakwirira inosvika mamita 4.000 uye ine nzvimbo yakakura ine mvura inonaya pasi pevhu, zvichiita kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka ekuchengetedza zviwanikwa. flamingo, vicuñas nedzimwe mhuka dzemuno.
Iyo Salar de Huasco inzvimbo yakanaka yekupedzisa zuva nekunyarara, uchicherechedza kuti Chiedza chinoshanduka pamvura nemakomonemapoka mashoma eshiri achiputsa runyararo.
Saltpeter nhaka uye Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve
Pasi pemakiromita makumi mashanu kubva kuIquique, nzvimbo yakakwirira inopa nzira kune imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha munhoroondo yechangobva kuitika yekuchamhembe kweChile: yekare mahofisi e nitratePakati pavo, chinonyanya kuzivikanwa hapana mubvunzo ndechekuti Humberstone, yakavakwa muna 1872 nePeruvian Nitrate Company uye yakava imwe yemakambani makuru ekugadzira saltpeter munharaunda iyi kunenge muna 1889.
Nhasi, Humberstone inoshanyirwa senzvimbo yevashanyi. chipoko townUchapupu hunokosha hwenguva yenitrate. Nzvimbo dzayo dzakaora uye dzisina vanhu dzinogadzira mamiriro ezvinhu anoshamisa anofadza vanoda nhoroondo, mapikicha, uye nyaya dzemidzimu. chitoro chikuru, chapel, theatre yemapuranga, hotera, dziva guru rekushambira rine mabhureki uye chikwere chikuru, pakati pezvimwe nzvimbo.
Muna 1970 zvakaziviswa Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kareIzvi zvakabvumira kuchengetedzwa kwezvivakwa zvayo zvakawanda zvekushanya uye kurangarira vanhu vose. Kufamba mumigwagwa yayo ine vhu, pakati pedzimba dzisina upenyu nemichina yakaora, kwakafanana nekudzokera shure kwezana remakore.
Pedyo zvikuru, Pampa del Tamarugal National Reserve Inochengetedza nzvimbo inosvika mahekita 128.763, yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina. Pano uchawana miti mikuru yemusango reTamarugo munyika, pamwe nenzvimbo dzinonakidza. Pintados Geoglyphsmifananidzo mikuru nemagadzirirwo akaitwa pamakomo pakati pa700 na1500 AD
Ma geoglyph aya akagadzirwa achishandisa kubviswa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro kubva pachikomo kuti pave nekusiyana nepasi pevhu rakaonekwa. Zvinotendwa kuti vangadai vakabatsira vatungamiriri vevafambi kuburikidza nenzira dzemakaravhani, kuratidza kuyerera kwemvura, kuperekedza tsika dzemuno, kana kuratidza kuti mamwe mapoka emuno ndeevanhu vemunharaunda iyi.
Nzvimbo iyi inochengetedzawo mhuka dzesango dzemuno dzakadai se gava reCulpeo, gava reChilla, magondo, mazizi nehonye dzine misoro mitsvukuNzvimbo yakanaka yekumira kana uchifarira kusanganiswa kwezvakacherwa kare, nhoroondo, uye nzvimbo yegwenga.
Nzira yeMishoni nemataundi eUpper Loa
Kana ukaramba uchifamba uchienda kumaodzanyemba, nzvimbo yakakwirira nemakomo zvinovhurika kune imwe nzvimbo nzvimbo inonakidza inonzi Alto El Loa, yakabatana zvikuru netsika dzeLican Antay (Atacameño) nenharaunda dzeQuechua. Kubva kuCalama kana kuSan Pedro de Atacama, nzira dzinogona kurongwa dzinobatanidza mageyser, mataundi enhaka, uye nzvimbo dzakachengetwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Nzira yekare inotangira paCalama yozoguma ne Caspanakunyangwe vafambi vazhinji vanosarudza kuzviita nenzira yakasiyana mushure mekushanyira Tatio Geyserswobva wadzika nemugwagwa unobatanidza mataundi aya. Alto El Loa National Reserve inzvimbo yakachengetedzwa uko hupenyu hwezuva nezuva huchiri kukanganiswa zvakanyanya ne kurima kwakagadzirwa nematara, kufudza ngamera, uye mhemberero dzechitendero zvetsika.
Pakati pemaguta ane mukurumbira wakanaka pane chiu chiu, inoonekwa sechiratidzo chegwenga. Chechi yayo yeSan Francisco de Chiu Chiu, inotangira muna 1540, ndeimwe yedzakare muChile uye yakaziviswa kuti National Monument, ichiramba ichitaridzika sechechi yedongo ine denga rehuni nehuswa.
Kutevera nzira kunoonekwa Pucará de LasanaNhare yekare yeHispanic yakavakwa pamusoro pegomo, ine dzimba dzekudzivirira dzakabatana nenzira dzakamanikana uye dzakakomberedzwa nemadziro akakomberedza. Muenzaniso unoshamisa we zvivakwa zvemauto zvemuno yakagadziridzwa kuti ienderane nemamiriro ekunze eAndes.
Kumberi mberi ndiko Ayquina, musha wakanyarara uye usingagari vanhu, unochinjwa zvachose munaGunyana wega wega nemusha wakakurumbira Mutambo weMhandara yeGuadalupe yeAyquinaMumazuva iwayo, vanhu vanopfuura 50.000 vanosvika kuzotora chikamu mumidungwe, mitambo, uye mhemberero dzinozadza guta nemavara nemimhanzi.
Pakupedzisira mukati Caspana Dzimba dzedove dzakaungana pakati pemipata yakadzika, ine minda midiki yemaruva, mapoka emakwai nevakadzi vakarukwa nengowani dzehuswa Kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. Dzimba zhinji dzinoisa michinjikwa ine mavara pamasuo adzo kuti dzibvise mweya yakaipa, zvichiita kuti maonero eAndes arambe aripo.
Mhuka dzemusango dzenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye zviitiko zvekunakidzwa
Kunze kwenhaka yayo yetsika uye matsime anopisa, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeChile inzvimbo yakanaka kune vanoda ... mhuka dzesango uye zviitiko zvekufamba-famba zvinyoro nyoroNzira dziri pamusoro pemamita anopfuura 4.000 dzinokutendera kuti uone mhando dzemhuka dzausingazooni mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika.
Pakati pemhuka dzinoyamwisa dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndedzinoti vicuñas, alpacas, uye guanacosKunze kwemakava, uye nerombo rakanaka, mapuma. Anowanzoonekwa mudenga. makondorosi, makondo emusango ane chipfuva chitema, makondo emusango nedzimwe shiri dzinodya nyama, dzichiri munzvimbo dzine munyu nemadziva egungwa dzinowanda flamingo, coots, madhadha eAndean, Peruvian loicas, puna lapwings, northern crested caracaras uye mamwe marudzi akawanda.
ari nzvimbo dzine peat bogs nenzvimbo dzine mvura Lauca National Park, Surire Salt Flat, uye Huasco Salt Flat inzvimbo dzakanaka dzekuona mhuka dzesango, kunyanya mangwanani-ngwanani kana manheru. Zvakajairikawo kusanganisa kushanya uku nekufamba-famba kwenguva pfupi kana kufamba netsoka, uchitungamirirwa nevanoshanda munharaunda vanoziva nzvimbo dzakanakisa dzekuona.
Rumwe rudzi rwezviitiko zvinokosheswa zvikuru munharaunda iyi nzendo dzemotokari kuburikidza ne nzira dziri kure dzemumakomo, inowanzo nyorwa mumafirimu akatevedzana uye madocumentary akadai seaya ane vatambi vemitambo yezviitiko zvemafaro uye vagadziri vemafirimu eChile vanofamba munzvimbo idzi vachitsvaga makona matsva.
Kufamba nemunzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeChile, kubva kuArica kuenda kuSalar de Surire, kubva kuPutre kuenda kuLake Chungará, kubva kumigodhi yenitrate kuenda kuPica Oasis, uchipfuura nemumisha inenge yakavanzika yeUpper Loa, chinhu chinoshamisa. chiitiko chose Inosanganisa nzvimbo dzekare, matenga akajeka, nhoroondo yemuno, magadzirirwo ezvivakwa zvekoloni, matsime emvura inopisa, nemhuka dzesango dzakasiyana. Kana uchifarira zvisikwa zvisina kusvibiswa uye usingatyi kukwirira, nzira shoma muChile dzichasiya chiratidzo chakasimba senzvimbo dzinofanirwa kuonekwa neAltiplano.
- Altiplano yekuChile pakakwirira kupfuura mamita 3.800 pamusoro pegungwa, ine mapaki akasiyana, nzvimbo dzine munyu uye matsime emvura inopisa.
- Vanhu vekuAndean vakaita se Socoroma, Putre, Codpa, Chiu Chiu uye Caspana Vanochengetedza machechi netsika dzemadzitateguru.
- Nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzakadai se Lauca, Las Vicuñas, Surire, Huasco Pampa del Tamarugal ine mhuka dzakanaka uye nzvimbo dzakanaka.
- Migodhi yeSaltpeter, geoglyphs, nemitambo yechitendero zvinopedzisa Nzvimbo yakakodzera yezvisikwa, tsika uye mafaro.
