ari Zvido zvechiJudha netsika zvaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vade kuziva nekufamba kwenguva. Iyi tsika, ine zviuru zvemakore enhoroondo, yakagadzira nhevedzano yemaitiro anosanganisira kubva pakudya kusvika pakupfeka; kupinda netsika zvechitendero nemitambo zvine kukosha kukuru. Kana iwe wakamboshamisika kuti nei vaJudha vachitevera mimwe mitemo kana kuita mimwe mitambo, chinyorwa ichi chinokupa nzwisiso yakadzama yezvinonyanya kukosha uye tsika dzechiJudha.
Kubva pakupemberera kwavanoita Jehovha Shabbat kumitemo yayo yakasimba yezvokudya zve Kashruth, mutemo wega wega une revo yakadzama yakavakirwa mumagwaro matsvene akadai sa Torahla Mishnah and the Talmud. Kunyangwe iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda nezvezvipfeko, mhemberero kana tsika dzemhuri, pano isu tichaongorora zvese zvinonyanya kukosha zveiyi nharaunda yekare.
Mapazi makuru echiJudha
Nhasi, chiJudha chakakamurwa kuva mapazi makuru matatu: orthodox, conservative uye reformist. Musiyano mukuru pakati pavo uri padanho rekunamatira kumitemo yechiJudha kana Halacha, idzo dzinotonga upenyu hwavatendi.
- ChiJudha cheOrthodox: Ndiyo yakaomesesa vhezheni yechinamato uye inoteedzera zvakasimba Halacha. Havawanzogashira dudziro dzechizvino-zvino dzezvinyorwa zvinoera uye vanochengeta chimiro chenharaunda yechinyakare.
- Conservative Judaism: Iri pane imwe nzvimbo pakati peorthodox nereformist. Kunyange zvazvo ichichengetedza tsika dzakawanda, inobvumira kuti pave nekuvandudzwa mune zvechitendero.
- Reform Judaism: Iri bazi rine chimiro chakachinjika uye rinoenderana nehupenyu hwemazuva ano. Haitevedzeri Halacha zvakasimba uye inobvumira misiyano yakawanda munzira iyo chitendero chinoshandiswa.
Zvokudya neKashruth mitemo
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvechiJudha kudya kwacho kwakasimba, kunodzorwa nemitemo ye Kashruth. Kudya kunoenderana nezvinodiwa izvi kunonzi kosher, uye inofanira kusangana nenhevedzano yezvinodiwa chaizvo. Iyi mitemo yekudya inonakidza uye inoratidza kubatana pakati pemaJuda nenhoroondo yavo.
Kurambidzwa kwezvokudya
Kune zvikafu zvakati wandei zvinorambidzwa mukudya kwechiJudha, sekusimbiswa ne Torah. Pakati pavo pane:
- Nguruve: Inorambidzwa, sezvo isingaenderane nezvinodiwa zvemahwanda akatsemuka uye rumination. Kurambidzwa uku kwave kuri nyaya yekudzidza mutsika dzakasiyana, sezvakataurwa mu Kuda kuziva nezvekurambidzwa kwenguruve.
- Shellfish uye crustaceans: Hazvibvumirwi, sezvo hove dzine zvimbi nemakwande chete dzinogona kudyiwa.
- Ropa soseji: Nemhaka yokuti rine ropa, rinorambidzwa muchiJudha, sezvo ropa richirangarirwa sechinhu chinokosha choupenyu.
Pamusoro pezvo, mhuka dzinofanirwa kuurayiwa nenzira yakatarwa inonzi shechita, uko kutambura kunoderedzwa uye ropa rinobviswa zvachose.
Kuparadzana pakati penyama nemukaka
Mumwe mutemo wakakosha zvikuru kurambidzwa kwe kusanganisa nyama uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka. VaJudha veOrthodox vanofanira kumirira maawa akawanda pakati pekudya nyama nemukaka, sezvo nyama inomiririra rufu nemukaka upenyu. Nokuda kweizvi, vanowanzoshandisa ndiro dzakasiyana pamhando imwe neimwe yechikafu.
Zvipfeko uye chitarisiko
Zvipfeko chimwe chinhu chakakosha, kunyanya muOrthodox Judaism. Varume nevakadzi vanofanira kutevedzera mimwe mitemo yekupfeka zvakakodzera. moda. Kana iwe uchida kudzidza nezvezvimwe zvipfeko, unogona kubvunza nezve Chipfeko cheRussia.
Zvipfeko zvinorambidzwa uye machira
Maererano ne Halacha, zvinorambidzwa kupfeka zvipfeko zvinoenderana makushe nomucheka. Kurambidzwa uku kunobva ku Torah uye murayiro weBhaibheri uyo vakawanda vanotevera kunyorwa, zvichiratidza kukosha kwomutemo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaJudha.
Bvudzi nezvifukidzo
Varume vanowanzo shandisa kippa, kavha kadiki yetsika inofananidzira kuzviisa pasi pamberi paMwari. Kana vari vakadzi vakaroorwa, vakawanda vanoshandisa wigi kana scarves kuvhara bvudzi paruzhinji, sechiratidzo chemwero uye kuremekedza tsika.
Mitambo yechitendero
ChiJudha chine mazororo akati wandei anokosha anotaridza nguva dzakasiyana dzegore. Imwe neimwe ine zvayo chiratidzo netsika. Aya mazororo inguva dzekufungisisa nezvenhoroondo uye kutenda kwevanhu vechiJudha, sezvazvinogona kuongororwa mukati Zviratidzo zvechiJudha.
Shabbat
El Shabbat Izuva rinoera rokuzorora, rinotanga musi weChishanu manheru uye rinopera neMugovera manheru. Munguva iyi, basa kana zviitwa zvinoonekwa sebasa, sekubatidza moto kana kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, zvinorambidzwa.
Pesach
Paseka yechiJudha kana kuti Pesach inorangarira kubuda kwevanhu vechiJudha kubva kuEgypt. Munguva yezororo iri, vanhu vanodzivisa kudya zvokudya zvine mbiriso vozvitsiva nazvo matzo, chingwa chisina mbiriso chinofananidzira kukurumidza kwakaita vaJudha kubuda muIjipiti. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve tsika nemagariro echiJuda, unogona kushanya Chii chinonzi Kabbalah?.
Hanukkah
Iyo inozivikanwawo seye Mutambo WemwenjeHanukkah inopemberera kutsaurirwazve kweTemberi muJerusarema. Kwemazuva masere, kenduru inobatidzwa manheru ega ega menorah, candelabrum ine matavi masere. Chiitiko ichi chinonyanya kukosha uye chinopembererwa nemufaro mukuru nemhuri dzechiJudha.
Purimu
Purim izororo remufaro iro inorangarira kuponeswa kwevaJudha muPersia. Itsika kupfeka, kuchinjana masiwiti uye kuverenga Bhuku raEsteri. Tsika idzi dzinoratidza nhoroondo yevanhu vechiJuda nekurwira kurarama kwavo.
Tsika dzemhuri nemhemberero
Kune mhemberero dzemhuri dzinoverengeka mukati mechiJudha, imwe neimwe ine chiratidzo chayo uye chirevo. Tsika dzinoitwa munharaunda kusimbisa zvisungo zvemhuri uye kubatsira kuti tsika dzavo dzienderere mberi.
Kudzingiswa
Pamazuva masere ekuberekwa, vakomana vechiJudha vanofanira kudzingiswa pamutambo unonzi Brit Mila. Iyi tsika chiratidzo chekubatana naMwari uye ndeimwe yedzidziso dzekutanga dzakapihwa kuvana mukati mechiJudha.
Muchato wechiJudha
Michato yechiJudha izere netsika, senge kusaina Ketubah (chibvumirano chewanano) uye kuputswa kwegirazi nechikomba kuti rangarira kuparadzwa kweTemberi yeJerusarema. Tsika idzi chiratidzo chinooneka chenhoroondo nokutenda kwevanhu vechiJudha.
Tsika dzechiJuda dzakazara chiratidzo uye tsika, richiratidzira nhau yaro yekare nezvitendero zvakadzika zvorudzidziso. Kubva pamitemo yakasimba yezvekudya kusvika kumazororo emhuri nemhemberero, tsika yega yega inoramba ichibatanidza maJuda kumidzi yavo uye kuzivikanwa kwechitendero.
