Krampus ndiye munhu anotyisa anobuda mutsika dzeCentral Europe muna Zvita wega wega kutiyeuchidza kuti haasi munhu wese weKisimusi ane mutsa kana rugare. Munhu uyu, anowanzoratidzwa sechisikwa chedhimoni chine nyanga nerurimi rurefu, awana mukurumbira nekuda kwebasa rake semusiyano waSaint Nicholas, achiranga vana vane misikanzwa pachinzvimbo chekupa mubayiro kune vakanaka.
Ngano dzakapoteredza Krampus dzinonakidza kwete chete nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwechihedheni nechiKristu, asiwo nekuda kwetsika netsika dzemagariro evanhu zvichiripo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeEurope. Munyaya ino, tichakuudzai kwakabva Krampus, zvaanomiririra, kuti chimiro chake chakashanduka sei nekufamba kwenguva, uye, hongu, kana paine nzira yekumudzinga kana ukasangana nemuenzi uyu werima weKisimusi.
Mavambo uye ngano yeKrampus
Ngano yaKrampus inotangira kare chiKristu chisati chavapo uye ine chekuita netsika dzechihedheni dzekare dzaibatanidzwa nenguva yechando munzvimbo dzeAlps dzakadai seAustria , Bavaria, Switzerland, neSlovenia. Kunyange zvazvo zita rake richibva pashoko rechiGerman rekuti "krampen," rinoreva "nzara," tsananguro yake yemuviri yakaumbwa kwemazana emakore.
Pakutanga, zvaifungidzirwa kuti Krampus aive mwanakomana wamwarikadzi weNorse Hel, mutongi wenyika yepasi , kunyange hazvo pasina magwaro ekare eNorse anotsigira izvi. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvemadhimoni zvekuonekwa kwake—nyanga, rurimi rurefu, bvudzi, uye mahwanda— zvinonyatsoenderana nemifananidzo yechiKristu yaDhiyabhorosi munguva yeMiddle Ages.
Krampus anonyanya kuonekwa pausiku hwaZvita 5, hunozivikanwa saKrampusnacht , apo anonzi anofamba naSaint Nicholas. Kunyange zvazvo musande achipa mubayiro vana vakazvibata zvakanaka, Krampus ndiye ane basa rekuranga avo vakambova netsika dzakaipa. Zvichienderana netsika dzakasiyana-siyana, rudzi rwechirango runogona kusiyana muEurope yese, sezvataurwa mutsika dzeKisimusi munyika dzakasiyana.
Evolution yemufananidzo weKrampus
Pasinei nekuedza kwakawanda kweChechi yeKaturike nehurumende dzechinyakare kubvisa munhu uyu , Krampus akaramba aripo mukufungidzira kwevanhu vose. Muzana remakore rechi12, kwaitove nekuedza kubvisa mhando dzemhemberero idzi nekuda kwekufanana kwadzo nemifananidzo yemadhimoni.
Gare gare, panguva yekutonga kweThird Reich nePatriotic Front muAustria, mhemberero dzakabatana naKrampus dzakarambidzwawo . Zvisinei, hapana chimwe cheizvi chakakwanisa kuibvisa zvachose. Kutaura zvazviri, muzana remakore rechi19, yakatanga kudzoka mukurumbira, ikava yakawanda munzvimbo dzemaguta uye ichichinja kubva patsika dzemuno kuenda kumhemberero yakapararira.
Munguva iyi, makadhi eKisimusi airatidza Krampus akatanga kugadzirwa , mamwe aine runako rwakashata runoratidza dhimoni richiisa vana mudengu rake. Kutarisa uku pakuratidza hunhu hwemwana kunogona kunge kwakabatana ne...
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakaita kuti Krampus apone imhaka yebasa rake rekufananidzira : kuratidza divi rakaipa reKisimusi uye kuita sechinopesana nerunako rwaSaint Nicholas. Mutsika dzakawanda, kuenzana uku pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa kwaive nehukuru hwekudzidzisa uye kuranga.
Krampuslauf: Mhemberero Yemazuva Ano
Mhemberero inonyanya kufadza ine chekuita naKrampus iKrampuslauf, kana kuti "Krampus Parade ." Mumhando iyi yemhemberero yechando, mapoka evarume vechidiki vakapfeka zvipfeko zvemvere, mamasiki emapuranga, uye nyanga vanofamba-famba mumigwagwa, vachirova matavi pasi uye vachityisa vana nevakuru zvakafanana.
Chiitiko ichi chave chichinyanya kufarirwa muAustria, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia, neCzech Republic . Mumitambo iyi, maKrampuse—sekuzivikanwa kwavanoitwa pamwe chete—vanofamba-famba mumaguta ese, vachityisidzira vanhu, vachidzingirira avo vanovanda, uye vachiratidza nekuvapo kwavo kusawirirana kuripo pakati pekurongeka nenyonganyonga, zvakanaka nezvakaipa.
Zvinofadza kuti vazhinji vevatori vechikamu ava vanoti tsika iyi ine makore anopfuura chiuru , uye inotaura nezvekwakabva kuCeltic kana Germanic, kunyange zvazvo magwaro ekare anotanga muna 1582 chete. Musanganiswa uyu wezvinhu zvetsika nenguva unopa Krampuslauf kukosha kwekufananidzira mu
Kupararira kweKrampuslauf kwemazuva ano kwave kuriwo mhinduro yekupikisa manzwiro akawandisa uye kutengeserana kweKisimusi . Kune vechidiki vazhinji, yave rudzi rwekupandukira kwetsika kana kutopandukira, ichipikisa runako rweKisimusi yechinyakare uye ichigamuchira nyonganiso senzira yekunyaradza.
Hukama nevamwe vatema Kisimusi manhamba
Krampus haasi iye ega munhu ane rima anobatanidzwa nemhemberero dzeKisimusi . Munzvimbo dzakadai seGermany neNetherlands, kune vanhu vakaita saKnecht Ruprecht kana Zwarte Piet, avo vanoitawo sevanoranga Saint Nicholas. Mukati menyaya dzevatambi ava, munhu anogona kuona kufanana nekusiyana kunoita kuti nyaya yacho iwedzere kunaka.
MuSwitzerland, shanduro yaKrampus yakapfava inonzi Schmutzli inoonekwa nemutsvairo, inongogumira pakutevera vana pasina kuvadhonzera kugehena . Munzvimbo dzeAlpine, chifananidzo ichi chakabatana nePerchta, mwari wemunguva yechando weCeltic aitarisira mapoka evanhu uye aidzinga mweya yakaipa.
Chinhu chinowanzoonekwa pavanhu ava ndechekuti vese vanomiririra "mumvuri" wechiito chekupa , kureva kuti, chirango chetsika chekusatevedzera tsika dzevanhu.
Nzira yekutyisa Krampus?
Hapana nzira yemashiripiti yekubvisa Krampus, asi dzimwe tsika dzevanhu dzakaratidza nzira dzinoshamisa dzekudzivisa kushanya kwake . Imwe yacho, hongu, kuzvibata zvakanaka . Kunyangwe zvichinzwika sechinyakare, hwaro hwengano iyi hwakavakirwa pamaitiro evana mukati megore rose.
Dzimwe tsika dzinotaura nezvekushandiswa kwemazango echitendero , akadai semichinjikwa kana mvura tsvene, kuchengetedza imba. Zvinonziwo chiedza nekudziya kwemba zvinogona kuita kuti Krampus asave nedzimba dzine chiedza chakajeka , achisarudza dziya dzisina chiedza chakajeka kana kuti dzakasiyiwa. Mupfungwa iyi, kuenzana pakati pechiedza nerima kunova dingindira guru rinoratidzwa mu [chinyorwa/referensi].
Mumisha yakawanda, matavi emiti yebirch aiwanzoiswa mumahwindo kana mumasuo , kwete seyambiro kuvana chete, asiwo senzira yekunyaradza dhiabhorosi. Zvaitendwa kuti kana akawana chishandiso chake chekuranga chiripo, aigona kuenderera mberi nerwendo rwake asingafaniri kupinda.
Saizvozvowo, kuenda kumutambo weKrampuslauf uye kutora chikamu mauri zvinoonekwa senzira yetsika yekubvisa simba rayo . Nekukoka munhu uyu munharaunda, hasha dzake dzinobvumirwa kupera nenzira yekufananidzira.
Chimiro chekufananidzira uye chetsika
Kune nyanzvi dzakawanda, Krampus haasi chinhu kunze kwemuenzaniso wedzidziso yekare , inoratidzirwa nekutya kurangwa senzira yekudzidzisa tsika. Munyaya iyi, Krampus anorega kuva dhimoni uye anova chiratidzo chevanhu vasingazive.
Vanyori venhoroondo vakaita saEric Hobsbawm vanoiisa muboka rekuti "tsika yakagadzirwa ," kureva kuti, tsika yakagadzirwa panguva chaiyo yenhoroondo kuti izadzise basa rekufananidzira kana remagariro evanhu. Muchiitiko ichi, inosimbisa chirango uye maitiro akanaka mumhuri. Kudzidza tsika uku kwakabatana zvakananga ne...
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, tsika iyi yakadzoserwazve nevaya vari kutsvaga kusiyana nemufananidzo weKisimusi usingakosheswi . Krampus yakagamuchirwa netsika dzemumaguta, mafambiro epunk, uye kunyange nemakambani ekushambadzira akasiyana sechiratidzo chekusaremekedza uye chechokwadi.
Pakupedzisira, Krampus anomiririra rimwe divi remari yeKisimusi : kutya, kurangwa, rima… asiwo kutendeseka pamanzwiro uye chiyeuchidzo chekuti haasi mazororo ese anofanira kunge akakwana.
Zvisingadzivisike, Krampus anoonekwazve muna Zvita wega wega kuti atibvise mumufaro weKisimusi . Ane nyanga, cheni, nematavi emiti, anoramba achifamba pakati pedu, kungave semunhu chaiye mumitambo kana sechiratidzo chetsika chinopikisa tsika dzakatarwa.
