Krampus ndiye mufananidzo unotyisa unobuda mutsika dzeCentral European muna Zvita wega wega kutiyeuchidza kuti hausi wese weKisimusi ane mutsa kana runyararo. Uyu hunhu, anowanzo ratidzwa sechisikwa chedhimoni chine nyanga nerurimi rurefu, akawana mukurumbira webasa rake seanopesana naSaint Nicholas, kuranga vana vakaipa pachinzvimbo chekupa mubairo kune vakanaka.
Ngano dzakapoteredza Krampus haisi kungonakidza kwayo kusanganiswa kwayo kwechihedheni nechiKristu, asiwo netsika dzemagariro uye zvitendero zvichiri kurarama munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeEurope. Muchikamu chino tichakuudza kuti Krampus anobva kupi, zvaanomiririra, kuti chimiro chake chakashanduka sei nekufamba kwenguva uye, hongu, kana paine nzira yokumutyisidzira nayo kana ukasangana nemuenzi uyu wakasviba weKisimusi.
Mavambo uye ngano yeKrampus
Ngano yeKrampus inotangira nguva dzechiKristu chisati chavapo uye yakabatana nemitambo yekare yechihedheni. yakabatana nechando munzvimbo dzealpine Chemhondoro Austria, Bavaria, Switzerland neSlovenia. Kunyangwe zita rayo richibva paizwi rechiGerman rekuti "krampen," rinoreva "claw," tsananguro yaro yemuviri yakashanduka kwemazana emakore.
Pakutanga zvaifungidzirwa kuti Krampus aiva mwanakomana wamwarikadzi weNorse Hel, mutongi wepasi., kunyange zvazvo pasina zvinyorwa zvekare zveNorse zvinotsigira izvi. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvoudhimoni zvechitarisiko chake—nyanga, rurimi rurefu, bvudzi, uye mahwanda— Dzinopindirana zvizere nekumirirwa kwechiKristu kwaDhiyabhorosi mukati meMiddle Ages.
Krampus inoonekwa zvakanyanya pausiku hwaDecember 5, inozivikanwa seKrampusnacht, apo anofungidzirwa kuti anoperekedza Mutsvene Nicholas. Kunyange zvazvo mutsvene achipa mubayiro vana vakazvibata zvakanaka, Krampus ndiye anotarisira kuranga avo vanga vasina maturo. Maererano netsika dzakasiyana-siyana, nzira yechirango inogona kusiyana muEurope yose, sezvinotaurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu e Tsika dzeKisimusi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana.
Evolution yemufananidzo weKrampus
Pasinei nekuedza nguva dzose kweChechi yeKaturike nehurumende dzinochengetedza kubvisa iyi nhamba, Krampus akarambira mukufungidzira kwakabatana. Mukati mezana ramakore rechi 12, kuedza kwakanga kwatoitwa kurambidza rudzi urwu rwemhemberero nemhaka yokufanana kwayo kuri pachena nemifananidzo yamadhemoni.
Gare gare, Munguva yeThird Reich nePatriotic Front muAustria, kurambidzwa kwakaitwawo mitambo ine chokuita neKrampus.. Zvisinei, hapana chimwe cheizvi chakakwanisa kuibvisa zvachose. Saizvozvo, Muzana ramakore re19th yakatanga kuwana simba zvakare nekuvapo kukuru munzvimbo dzemaguta, kubva pakuva tsika yomunzvimbomo kuenda kumhemberero yakapararira.
Munguva iyi, makadhi eKisimusi aive naKrampus akatotanga kugadzirwa., vamwe vaine runako rwakashata umo dhiyabhorosi aionekwa achiisa vana mudengu rake. Iyi nzira yekusimbisa maitiro emwana inogona kuenderana ne.
Chimwe chezvikonzero nei Krampus akapona ndeyekutenda kune yake yekufananidzira basa.: inomiririra rima reKisimusi uye ita seanopikisa mutsa waSaint Nicholas. Mutsika zhinji, kuenzanisa uku pakati pechakanaka nechakaipa kwaive nehuremu hukuru hwekudzidzisa nekuranga.
Krampuslauf: Mhemberero Yemazuva Ano
Mhemberero inonyanya kukosha ine chekuita neKrampus ndiyo Krampuslauf kana "Krampus Parade". Murudzi urwu rwecarnival yechando, mapoka emajaya akapfeka masutu emvere, masiki emapuranga, uye nyanga anodzungaira mumigwagwa achirovera mapazi pasi, achivhundutsa vana navakuru zvakafanana.
Ichi chiitiko chakawedzera simba kunyanya muAustria, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia neCzech Republic.. Mumaforamu aya, vanaKrampuse—sekuzivikanwa kwavanoitwa pamwe chete—vanofamba nemisha yose, vachityisa vanhu, vachidzingirira vanohwanda, uye vachiratidza nekuvapo kwavo makakatanwa ari pakati pehurongwa nenyonganyonga, chakanaka nechakaipa.
Sezvineiwo, vazhinji veava vatori vechikamu vanotaura kuti gamuchidzanwa rakapfuura makore ane chiuru., uye inotaura nezvekwayo Celtic kana Germanic mavambo, kunyange zvazvo magwaro ekare haana kubvira kare 1582. Uyu musanganiswa wetsika zvinhu uye eras inopa Krampuslauf kukosha kwekufananidzira mu.
Kuwedzera kwemazuva ano kweKrampuslauf kwakavewo mhinduro kune kutapira kwakanyanya uye kutengeserana kweKisimusi.. Nokuda kwepwere zhinji, yazova rudzi rwokupandukira kwetsika kana kuti kunyange kupandukira, kunodenha runako rweKrisimisi yegamuchidzanwa uye kugamuchira chakaipa sorudzi rwekatsi.
Hukama nevamwe vatema Kisimusi manhamba
Krampus harisi iro chete rima rinobatanidzwa nemitambo yeKisimusi.. Mumatunhu akadai seGermany neNetherlands, kune vanhu vakaita saKnecht Ruprecht kana Zwarte Piet, anoitawo semubatsiri wekuranga naSaint Nicholas. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chevatambi ava, munhu anogona kuona kufanana uye kusiyana kunopfumisa.
MuSwitzerland, imwe mhando yeKrampus inonzi Schmutzli inoonekwa ine mutsvairo, inogumira pakudzingirira vana pasina kuvaendesa kugehena.. Munzvimbo dzemakomo, mufananidzo wacho wakabatana naPerchta, mwari wechando weCeltic aichengeta mapoka uye anodzinga mweya yakaipa.
Iyo inofananidzwa yezviverengero izvi ndezvekuti zvese zvinomiririra "mumvuri" wechiito chekupa., ndiko kuti, chirango chetsika chokusatevera tsika dzenzanga.
Nzira yekutyisa Krampus?
Iko hakuna nzira yemashiripiti yekubvisa Krampus, asi dzimwe tsika dzakakurumbira dzakapa dzimwe nzira dzekuda kuziva kuti adzivise kushanya kwake.. Mumwe wavo, hongu, kuzvibata. Kunyange zvazvo inganzwika sechinhu chisina kujeka, hwaro chaihwo hwengano hwakavakirwa pamufambiro wavana mukati megore rose.
Dzimwe tsika dzinoratidza kushandiswa kwemazango echitendero, zvakadai semichinjikwa kana kuti mvura tsvene, kudzivirira imba. Zvinonziwo izvozvo Chiedza nekudziya kwemba zvinogona kuita kuti Krampus adzivise dzimba dzine mwenje., vachida avo vari murima kana kuti vakasiiwa. Mupfungwa iyi, dzikamo pakati pechiedza nerima inova musoro mukuru unoratidzirwa mu.
Mumisha yakawanda, mapazi e<em>birch aiwanzoiswa pamahwindo kana kuti pamasuo., kwete chete senyevero kuvana, asiwo senzira yokunyaradza dhiyabhorosi. Zvinotendwa kuti kana iwe uchinge watowana mudziyo wako wekuranga uripo, unogona kuenderera mberi nenzira yako pasina kupinda.
Saizvozvo, kuperekedza Krampuslauf parade uye kushingaira kutora chikamu mairi inoonekwa setsika nzira yekubvisa simba rayo.. Nokukoka mufananidzo munharaunda, kutsamwa kwake kunobvumirwa kuparara nenzira yekufananidzira.
Chimiro chekufananidzira uye chetsika
Kune vaongorori vazhinji, Krampus hachisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekungogadziriswa kwedzidziso yemadzitateguru., inoratidzirwa nokutya chirango sorudzi rwedzidzo yetsika. Muchirevo ichi, Krampus anorega kuve dhimoni uye anove akaungana ratidziro yekusaziva kwevanhu..
Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakadai saEric Hobsbawm vanoiisa se "tsika yakagadzirwa.", kureva, tsika inogadzirwa pane imwe nguva yezvakaitika kare kuti izadzise basa rekufananidzira kana remagariro evanhu. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kusimbisa chirango uye maitiro mukati mehutano hwemhuri. Ichi chidzidzo chetsika chakanangana ne.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, tsika iyi yakatorwa zvakare nevaya vari kutsvaga kusiya mufananidzo une shuga weKisimusi.. Krampus yakagamuchirwa nemadhorobha subcultures, punk movements, uye kunyange kumwe kushambadzira kwebhizinesi sechiratidzo chekusaremekedza uye chokwadi.
Uye pakupedzisira, Krampus anomiririra rumwe rutivi rwemari yeKisimusi.: kutya, kurangwa, rima ... asiwo kutendeseka mupfungwa uye chiyeuchidzo chokuti haisi zororo rose rinofanira kuva rakakwana.
Nenzira isingadzivisiki, Krampus anomukazve Zvita wega wega kuti atizununguse kubva mukukanganisika kweKisimusi.. Ane mahwanda, maketani, uye matavi eBirch, anoramba achifamba pakati pedu, angave ari munhu chaiye mumapuranga kana sechiratidzo chetsika chinonetsa magungano akaiswa.
