Bazi rezvekurima muSpain rave kungwarira zvikuru mushure mekusimbiswa kwe kuvapo kwenhunzi yemichero yekumabvazuva, inonzi nesainzi Bactrocera dorsalismunyika. Kuwanikwa uku kwakaitika mudunhu reAstillero, muCantabria, uko Bazi rezvekurima rakawana sampuli nhatu mumisungo yekudzora. Kunyangwe kubatwa uku kwakaitika mwedzi mishoma yapfuura, yambiro iyi yakakonzera maitiro ekutarisa kudzivirira izvi. zvipembenene zvinobhururuka inogara munyika.
Kusvika kwemupambi uyu kunofungidzirwa kuti kwakabatana ne kupinza michero kubva kuAsiaKushandisa mukana wekuva pedyo kwenzvimbo dzekufambisa zvinhu dzakadai sezviteshi zvengarava nendege. Kunyange hazvo vakuru veCantabrian vachiti mamiriro ekunze ekuchamhembe haasi iwo akakodzera kuti denda rikure, kunetseka kuripo ndekwechokwadi, sezvo chiri chipenyu chine kuchinjika kunoshamisa uye nhoroondo yekukura kwakasimba pasi rose.
Njodzi huru yehutano hwemhuka
Chipembenene ichi hachityisidzi vanhu, asi chinokanganisa zvikuru kurima. Bactrocera dorsalis inozivikanwa nokuda kwayo polyphagia yakanyanyaInokwanisa kurwisa mhando dzezvirimwa dzinopfuura 120. Pakati pezvinonyanya kukanganiswa zvinosanganisira michero yecitrus, avocado, persimmons, nemichero yakasiyana-siyana yematombo. Kukuvara kunotanga apo hadzi dzinobaya ganda remuchero kuti dziise mazai adzo; kana honye dzabuda, Vanodya nyama yemukati, zvichiita kuti chikamu chacho chisakwanise kushandiswa.
Maitiro aya haangoparadzi muchero chete, asi anovhurawo musuwo wekuti... mhando dzakasiyana dzefungus pamiti uye mabhakitiriya anokurumidza kuora. Panyaya dzezvehupfumi, kukanganisa uku kunogona kuva kwakaipisisa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana denda iri rikazopararira zvizere muEuropean Union, kurasikirwa kwacho kunogona kudarika 1.160 mamiriyoni emamiriyoni, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika uye purofiti yezvirimwa zviri muminda.
Kusasimba kweSpain nemamiriro ezvinhu muEurope
Spain iri munzvimbo yakaoma sezvo ine vanhu vakawanda makumi mana muzana yenzvimbo yekurima michero yeEU uye ndiyo inonyanya kugadzira michero yemunzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa munharaunda iyi. Mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean, nemwaka wayo wechando wakapfava uye mwaka wezhizha unopisa, iparadhiso yezvipembenene izvi. Zvitsuwa zveCanary Islands zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya, uko kusavapo kwechando nekugadzirwa kwepapaya uye mabhanana anogadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yekuti zvipembenene zvigare zviripo zvachose.
Munyika yose yeEurope, mamiriro acho anosiyana. Italy ndiyo yatambura zvakanyanya, mushure mekunge yafanira kuisa nzvimbo dzekudzora mushure mekunge denda rakatanga kuchamhembe Kubva muna 2018. Dzimwe nyika dzakadai seFrance, Belgium kana Austria dzakanyora kubatwa kwechirwere ichi kwakabviswa nekukurumidza, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kuonekwa nekukurumidza ndiyo chete nzira inoshanda yekumisa kufambira mberi kwacho.
Kudzora uye nzira dzekudzivirira
Kurwisa njodzi iyi, National Contingency Plan inosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuita. Izvi zviri kuitwa. mambure ekusungirira ane methyl eugenolinokwezva vanhurume zvikuru. Uyezve, kana chirwere ichi chikaonekwa, mitemo yakasimba inoiswa pakufamba kwemichero uye matanho anotevera anotorwa: kuparadzwa kwakadzorwa kwemichero yakawa kuburikidza nekupiswa kana kuputirwa mubhegi risina mhepo kuti gonye riparadze hupenyu hwegonye.
Kunewo nzira dzepamusoro-soro uye dzetekinoroji. Kune rumwe rutivi, nzira yekuuraya varume (Male Annihilation Technique - MAT) inosanganisa mishonga yezvipembenene nezvinhu zvinokwezva pabonde. Kune rumwe rutivi, nzira iyi Technique yeZvipembenene Zvisina Kuberekwa (SIT)Izvi zvinosanganisira kuburitsa hono dzakasungwa hutachiona uchishandisa tekinoroji yenyukireya. Nenzira iyi, kana dzikasangana nehono dzemusango, mazai haashande, izvo zvinoderedza huwandu hwevanhu zvakanyanya uye inogadzikana.
Masangano ekurima, akadai sesangano revarimi vekuValencian rinonzi La Unió Llauradora, akakumbira kuti pave nekudzora kwakasimba munzvimbo dzeMediterranean. Vanoti kuwanikwa kwezvirimwa izvi muCantabria kwakakosha. yambiro isina mubvunzo uye mukana wekuita chimwe chinhu denda risati rasvika kunzvimbo dzakakosha dzinorima citrus. Pane kudiwa kwekudyara mari yakawanda muhutano hwezvirimwa uye kusimbiswa kwekubatana pakati peBazi nenharaunda dzinozvitonga kuti dzidzivirire kurima kweSpain.
Kuonekwa kwemhando idzi kuchamhembe kweSpain kunoratidza kudiwa kwekugara wakangwarira pamiganhu yekutengeserana. Kunyangwe njodzi iripo muCantabria ichiratidzika kunge yakaderera nekuda kwekupisa, kugona kupinda kwenhunzi yemichero yekumabvazuva Zvinoda kuchengetedza mitemo inoshanda yekuchengetedza zvirimwa zvine chekuita nekurima uye kudzivirira kudzikira kwehupfumi muchikamu chemichero chenyika.