Nyika yakasikwa iri kupfuura nepakati peimwe yenhanho dzayo dzakaoma zvikuru. Gore rimwe nerimwe, zviuru zvemarudzi emhuka nezvinomera zvinoona kuvapo kwazvo kuchityisidzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, ruzhinji ruchiparirwa nechiito chomunhu. Zvinhu zvakadai se kutemwa kwemasango, the kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunzela poaching kana kuiswa kwe dzinoparadza marudzi vari kukurumidza nzira yekutsakatika kwemarudzi akawanda, mamwe acho ari emifananidzo, ayo anogona kunyangarika mumakumi emakore ari kuuya kana pasina chinoitwa. matanho ekukurumidza.
Muchinyorwa chino, tinopa ongororo yakazara yezvikonzero zvikuru, nhamba, nyaya dzakanangana, uye matanho anodiwa kumisa kutsakatika kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Kana wakambozvibvunza kuti chii mhuka dziri mungozi yokutsakatika izvozvi, nei izvi zviri kuitika, kana izvo iwe pachako zvaunogona kuita, verenga kuti uwane tarisiro yakazara yemamiriro azvino muna 2025.
Chii chinonzi mhuka iri mungozi yokutsakatika?
Mhuka iri mungozi yokutsakatika ndeiya ine vanhu vakaderera kusvika pakukanganisa kurarama kwayo kwenguva pfupi kana yepakati. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvikonzero zvakawanda: kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo, chirwere, kushandiswa zvakanyanya, kusvibiswa, kana kuiswa kwezvipenyu zvinoparadza, pakati pezvimwe.
Sangano rinoona nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya pasi rose ndiro International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), iyo inogara ichivandudza "Red List" yemarudzi ari kutyisidzirwa. Maererano nerondedzero iyi, kune zvakawanda kupfuura 42.100 marudzi ezvisikwa zvipenyu zviri panjodzi, nenyaya ye amphibians (41% iri munjodzi), mhuka (27%), reptiles (21%) uye shiri (13%).
Kurongeka kwakavakirwa pamatanho akati wandei ekuomarara, kubva pa "Vulnerable" kusvika "Iri Mungozi Yakanyanya", vachipfuura "Panjodzi." Mamwe marudzi akatonyangarika munguva pfupi yapfuura, sezvakamboitika kune akati wandei hove dzemvura yakachena y Mhuka dzeEurope.
Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekutsakatika kwemarudzi
Kurasikirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu hachisi chiitiko chemusikirwo munguva ino.: yakabatana zvakanyanya nekukanganisa kwevanhu panyika. Zviito zvemazuva ese, mitemo isingagoneki, uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezviwanikwa kuri kuparadza magariro ezvipenyu.
- Shanduko Yemamiriro ekunze: Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kushandura nzvimbo dzekugara nekukurumidza kupfuura zvinogona kuenderana nemarudzi mazhinji. Kunyura mu Arctic, kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwe Mar kana kuva gwenga inongova mimwe mienzaniso.
- Kutemwa kwemasango uye kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara: Kuwedzera kwemadhorobha, kurima kwakanyanya uye moto zviri kuparadza Nzvimbo dzepanyama.
- Kusvibiswa: Kubva kumapurasitiki kusvika kumishonga yezvipembenene uye kuraswa kwemafuta, zvinokanganisa hutano nekuberekana kwemhuka zhinji.
- Invasive marudzi: Kupinzwa kwemhuka dzekunze kana zvidyarwa munzvimbo itsva kunokanganisa magariro enzvimbo.
- Kuvhima zvisiri pamutemo uye Kutengeswa Kusiri pamutemo: Mhuka zhinji dzave kuda kutsakatika nekuda kwekukosha kwadzo pamusika usiri pamutemo, senge nyanga yechipembere kana the nyanga dzenzou.
Pfungwa yekusvibisa uye maitiro ayo ecological
Monarch butterfly
Mudzidzisi Rodolfo Dirzo, kubva kuStanford University, akatanga shoko racho "defaunation" kureva kurasikirwa kukuru kana kudzikiswa kwezvipfuyo muzvinhu zvipenyu. Izvi hazvirevi chete kuparara kwemarudzi, asi kuderera kukuru kwehuwandu hwavo, iyo inobata maitiro makuru akadai se pollinationla kuparadzira mbeu kana the kudzora zvipembenene.
Kana mhuka inonyangarika, domino effect inogadzirwa mumhoteredzo yayo yezvipenyu: mamwe marudzi anotsamira pairi kuti irarame kana kuti irambe yakagadzikana. Kunyangarika kwe a butter butter Zvaigona kukonzera kutsakatika kwemiti yakawanda yaitsamira pairi kuti ibereke.
Kutsakatika kukuru munhoroondo yose
Nhoroondo yehupenyu paNyika yakaratidzwa ne kutsakatika kukuru kushanu. Pakati peanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeaya Permian-Triassic (inonyanya kuparadza, ine 96% yemarudzi aenda) uye iyo ye Cretaceous-Paleogene, iyo yakaguma ne dinosaurs 65 mamiriyoni emakore apfuura.
Nhasi, masayendisiti anofungidzira kuti tingave tiri kurarama kutsakatika kukuru kwechitanhatu, zvinokonzerwa nevanhu. Zvidzidzo zve with dzinokarakadza kuti kana tikapfuurira nemwero mumwe chetewo wokubuda kwemhepo inosvibisa, tinogona kupupurira ikoku kutsakatika kukuru gore ra2100 risati rasvika.
Mienzaniso yemhuka dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika
- Javan Rhinoceros: Nezvienzaniso zvakura zvisingasviki makumi manomwe, ndeimwe yemhuka dziri mungozi yekutsakatika panyika. Kuvhima nyanga dzadzo ndiko kutyisidzira kwavo kukuru.
- Sumatran Tiger: Inongogara pachitsuwa ichi muIndonesia uye inogona kuverengerwa semhando nyowani. Pasara vanhu vasingasviki mazana mana nekuda kwekutengesa zvisiri pamutemo uye kurasikirwa nemasango.
- Mountain gorilla: Maererano neData kubva WWF, kwasara makopi anenge 1000 chete, akagoverwa pakati Uganda, Rwanda and the DRC. Nzvimbo yavo yekugara iri kutyisidzirwa nekurwisana, zvirwere uye kutemwa kwemasango.
- Monarch butterfly: kutyisidzirwa nekutemwa kwemasango mukati Mekisiko uye kutsakatika kwechirimwa charo mukati EE. UU. nekuda kwekushandisa mishonga yezvipembenene.
- Red tuna: kushandiswa zvakanyanya kudyiwa kwevanhu, kunyanya mu Japan. Iri pasi pekuredza zvakanyanya, izvo zvinoita kuti kupora kwayo kuve kwakaoma.
- Magellanic Penguin: kukanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kurasika kwemafuta. Nzvimbo dzavo dzekuberekera dziri kuwedzera pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva mukushanya nekuvandudzwa kwemadhorobha.
- Giant panda: Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ayo akaita nani zvishoma, ichiri mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa kwekugara kwayo uye kuberekwa kwayo kwakaderera.
- European mink: Kunyanya kutsakatika, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwekugara uye kukwikwidza neAmerican mink.
- Andes Condor: Chiratidzo cheSouth America, chinotyisidzirwa nehupfu hwetsaona uye kuparadzwa kwenharaunda yayo.
- Pangolin: mhuka inoyamwisa inotengeswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Zviyero zvayo nenyama zvinokosheswa zvikuru pamusika wekumabvazuva.
Mamiriro ezvinhu muEurope neSpain
Europe hainawo kudzivirirwa kune iyi dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza zvakare. Maererano ne IUCN, zvisingapfuure 36 mhando dzakanyangarika pavhu reEurope kubvira 2015. MuSpain, inoonekwa seimwe yenyika dzakapfuma kwazvo mune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mukondinendi, pane chikonzero chekunetseka.
El Ministry for the Ecological Transition inoita hwerengedzo ye Mhuka makumi matanhatu neshanu dziri munjodzi yekutsakatika muSpain uye vamwe makumi masere nemasere vari munjodzi. Pakati pezvinonyanya kufananidzira ndezvi Iberian lynx, the brown berela shuramurove nhema kana the chando chamambo.
Magellanic Penguin
Chii chatingaita?
Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita sezviri kure, chokwadi ichi chine chokuita zvikuru nemaitiro edu ezuva nezuva. Pane matanho ega atinogona kutora tese kubatsira kumisa njodzi iyi yezvakatipoteredza:
- Deredza mapurasitiki ekushandisa kamwe chete, kunyanya izvo zvinogona kuguma munzvimbo dzakasikwa.
- Dzivisa zvigadzirwa nemafuta emichindwe, iyo kugadzirwa kwayo kunokonzera kuparadzwa kukuru kwemasango muAsia.
- Tenga zvine musoro. Sarudza zvigadzirwa zvine kutengeserana kwakaringana kana yakagadzikana mavambo chisimbiso.
- Tsigira masangano ekuchengetedza. Ipa kana kushandira pamwe nemaNGO akadai WWF, SEO / ShiriLife u OCEAN kunobatsira zvakananga mhuka idzi.
- Zivisa uye dzidzisa. Kunzwisisa dambudziko iri ndiro danho rokutanga pakuchinja mafungiro.
Nyika iri panguva yakaoma. Pasinei nenhamba inotyisa yezvipenyu zviri kutyisidzirwa, tichine nguva yokuita chimwe chinhu. Nekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika, rutsigiro rwevagari vemunyika, uye shanduko chaiyo mukushandisa kwedu, zvinogoneka kumisa kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Hazvisi zvekungoti kudzivirira mhuka, asi kurwira chiyero chenyika ecosystems izvo, sevanhu, zvatinovimbawo nazvo.