Kuwana tsika nemagariro eGuatemala kwakafanana nekupinda mune imwe yekare uye isina kunyorwa pasirese muGuatemala. Kazhinji yakafukidzwa neMayan kana Garifuna nhaka, tsika yeXinca inobata nhaka inoshamisa iyo. inodzivisa kunyangarika pasinei zvapo namazana amakore enhamo. Nhoroondo yavo, tsika, uye mararamiro avo anotaura kune yakasarudzika kuzivikanwa, akaumbwa munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGuatemala uye akacherechedzwa nezvakasiyana zvinovasiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe nharaunda dzeCentral America.
Nhasi, maXincas anomiririra dura rekugara retsika dzemadzitateguru, tsika, mabasa emaoko uye mutauro iyo - kunyangwe ichityisidzirwa - inopona nekuda kwe kuedza kwenharaunda uye varatidziri vari kutsvaga kumutsiridza midzi yavo. Parwendo urwu, uchadzidza zvakawanda nezvekwavakabva, tsika nemagariro, chikafu, zvemweya, zvehunyanzvi kutaura uye network yakaoma yekugovera kwayo kwenzvimbo, zvese zvakarukwa pamwe chete nezvipupuriro, data uye curiosities zvakasiyaniswa zvakanyanya neakanakisa zviwanikwa zviripo.
Tsika yeXinca: Midzi uye kusarudzika muGuatemala mosaic
La Xinca tsika Inosiyaniswa nemidzi yayo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGuatemala, kunyanya mumadhipatimendi eJutiapa, Santa Rosa, neJalapa. Mabviro ayo anoramba ari nyaya yekutsvagisa nekukakavadzana, sekuti kunyangwe paine dzidziso dzinonongedza hukama netsika yeMayan pre-Hispanic, humbowo hwenhoroondo hunoratidza pesvedzero dzakasiyana uye kusvika kwakasiyana munharaunda yeCentral America.
Zita rekuti "Xinca" rinoreva "vanhu vetsanga", sechiratidzo chekubatana kwavo kune zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye zviwanikwa zvezvakatipoteredza. VaXinca vanozivikanwa netsika dzavo dzakasiyana, mutauro wakasiyana, uye nhaka yemweya netsika inoita kuti vasiyane pakati peGuatemala.
Mavambo uye nhoroondo: kubva kuAndes kuenda kuPacific mahombekombe
Nhoroondo uye ethnographic research inoisa iyo Xincas seimwe ye nharaunda dzekare dzechivanhu muGuatemalaKune nhoroondo dzemuromo dzinochengetedza kuti midzi yavo iri munharaunda yeHuehuetenango, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe dzidzo dzinoratidza kuti vakasvika kuCentral America kubva kuAndes pakati pezana remakore rechi9 ne11. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Xinca yakayambuka gungwa rePacific, ichigara munzvimbo dzanhasi dziri dzeGuatemala uye chikamu cheEl Salvador.
Munguva yekukunda kweSpain, vaXincas vakamisa kupikisa kunotyisa. kurwisa mupambi, akatarisana nemauto aPedro de Alvarado. Zvisinei, mushure mekukundwa kwavo, vakamanikidzwa kubatanidza muurongwa hwekoloni, uye vazhinji venhengo dzavo vakaitwa varanda uye vakadzingwa. Iyi nhoroondo yekuramba uye kuderera kwevanhu kwakatevera kwakaratidza zvakadzama Xinca ndangariro dzakaungana.
Ikozvino kugovera kwenzvimbo: MaXincas anogara kupi nhasi?
Nhasi, iyo Ruzhinji rwehuwandu hweXinca hwakanyanya mumaguta eJutiapaYupiltepeque, Santa Catarina Mita, Conguaco, uye guta guru redhipatimendi reJutiapa. Nekudaro, kune zvakare nharaunda dzakakosha mumatunhu eSanta Rosa - kunyanya Chiquimulilla neTaxisco - uye Jalapa, kunyanya Jumaytepeque.
MaXincas anoonekwa sevanhu vashoma mumamiriro enyika, asi kuvapo kwavo kunokosha pakuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yeGuatemala yetsika. Nharaunda dziri kushanda nesimba kumutsiridza tsika dzavo, mutauro, netsika, kunyange hazvo huwandu hwevatauri veko huri hudiki uye kutapurirana kwemarudzi kwakatarisana nematambudziko makuru.
Nzvimbo dzakakosha uye nhaka yekuchera matongo
Iyo Xinca nhaka iripo munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzechiratidzo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGuatemala. Pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha ndeye Jumaytepeque Museum muNuevo Progreso, Santa Rosa, uko muunganidzwa unokosha weXinca zvidimbu zvekuchera matongo zvinoratidzwa. Imwe nzvimbo yepakati ndiyo Jutiapa Lagoon, inorangarirwa senzvimbo tsvene nokuda kwechimiro chenyika cheboka.
El Asunción Mita Historical Park MuJutiapa, zvivakwa zvekare zvematombo zvakabatana nepakutanga Xinca zvivakwa zvinochengetedzwa, zvichiratidza kugona kwavo kuvaka uye kuronga mhemberero uye nzvimbo dzekugara.
Xinca mutauro: mutauro uri mungozi zvakanyanya
Mutauro weXinca ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakasarudzika uye zvisina njodzi zvenhaka yavo. Kune dzinenge ina dzinozivikanwa dialectal akasiyana, akaiswa muboka re "Xinkana family." Imwe neimwe inoenderana nenzvimbo dzakatarwa, dzakadai seJutiapa, Jumaytepeque, kana Chiquimulilla.
Nhasi, Mutauro weXinca wapinda muchikamu chekutsakatikaVane gumi nevaviri chete vatauri veko, kunyanya vakwegura, ndivo vanochengeta mutauro wacho uri mupenyu. Zvakadaro, kune kuyedza kuri kuenderera mberi kwekuimutsiridza kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvedzidzo, misangano yenharaunda, uye zvinyorwa zvemashoko, zviperengo, uye manhamba muzvinyorwa zvakanyorwa.
Chitendero uye maonero enyika: Xinca kunamata
Kunamata kweXinca kunobva patsika yevamwari vakawanda umo vamwari nemidzimu yezvakasikwa zvinotora nzvimbo huru. Zvikomo, makomo, uye zvikomo zvinorangarirwa senzvimbo dzokugara madzisekuru nenzvimbo dzokukurukurirana zvakananga namasimba makuru. Mukuwedzera, kune magwaro matsvene nemiitiro inopfuudzwa nomuromo inodonongodza zvitendero zvavo nokuonga kuna mwari musiki.
Imwe yemitambo inonyanya kukosha ndiyo mhemberero yekutenda, kupi kutamba, mabasa echitendero nezvipiriso pamazuva chaiwo. Aya matauriro anosimbisa basa rezvakatipoteredza uye madzitateguru sevadziviriri uye vatungamiriri vevanhu veXinca.
Kutamba nekutamba: Tsika inorarama uye chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa
ari Xinca kutamba uye kutamba Vane zvinangwa zvechitendero uye zvemafaro, chiri chikamu chakakosha chekuzivikanwa kwavo kwetsika. Pakati pemadhanzi anonyanya kukosha ndeye Kutamba Kwekukumbira Mvura, pachivanhu ichiitwa nevakuru vedunhu vachikumbira mvura nekubereka.
Mamwe madhanzi ane mukurumbira anosanganisira saraband, inobatanidzwa nemitambo yemwaka uye kutenda vanamwari, uye mabhii anocherekedza zviitiko zvinokosha mukutenderera kwekurima. Izvi mimhanzi nekutamba zvinoperekedzwa nezviridzwa zvechinyakare uye zvipfeko zvine mavara.
Tsika nemagariro ezuva nezuva
Pakati pe Xinca tsika Chinonyanya kukosha imhemberero dzemazororo, michato ine tsika dzadzo, uye mhemberero dzekutanga muhupenyu hwevanhu vakuru. Kuchengetedzwa kwe mabhuku ekutaura Kuburikidza nengano nengano, pamwe nekufambiswa kweruzivo rwezvekurima nemishonga yechivanhu, chikamu chenhaka yevagari vemazuva ese.
Zvinocherechedzwa zvakare itsika dzakaita sekushandiswa kwezvipfeko kucherechedza shanduko yemwaka kana mhemberero, uye kurongeka kwenharaunda kunoenderana nemakanzuru evakuru nemagariro avo.
Traditional zvipfeko: kuzivikanwa uye chiratidzo
El Xinca costume Icho chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa kwevanhu vose. Kuvakwa kwayo kunowanzoshandisa donje, chinhu chinopa hupenyu uye ruvara kune zvipfeko. Varume vanopfeka hembe chena dzine maoko epamberi nezvikabudura zvinosvika mumabvi, nepo vakadzi vanopfeka masiketi namabhurauzi ane mavara akasoneswa, zvichiratidzira kusika kwetsika nerevo yokufananidzira.
Zvipfeko zvinosanganiswa zvakare nemhemberero, tsika, uye chimiro mukati menharaunda, kushanda semotokari yekufambisa tsika nemagariro kuzvizvarwa zvitsva.
Xinca Gastronomy: Ancestral Flavors yeGuatemala
La Xinca cuisine Iyo inomira kunze kwekureruka kwayo, kuravira, uye kudzika kwekubatana nenyika. Madhishi ayo anosaina anosanganisira bhinzi, tortillas, chipilÃn muto, kamawa bhinzi, pixtón de arroz, tikukas, hulape, uye muko wechinyakare. Zvizhinji zvezvikafu izvi zvinowanikwa zvakananga kubva mukurima uye kukohwa, uchishandisa zvirimwa zvekuzvarwa uye nzira dzekubika dzinopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa.
Pamazuva akakosha, nharaunda dzinogadzira ndiro dzakakosha uye zvinwiwa zvetsika kuti zviperekedze kutamba kana mhemberero dzakaungana, kuchengetedza mabikirwo ari mapenyu asina kumbochinja mumazana emakore.
Crafts uye matauriro ekugadzira
La Xinca crafts Inotangira kubva pakugadzira mameti uye mabhasikiti emushenjere kusvika pakugadzira majugi eceramic. Zvinhu izvi, pamusoro pekushandisa zvine hungwaru, zvinoumba chimiro chekunaka uye chetsika. Kushandiswa kweminhenga, matombo, uye shinda dzezvirimwa zvakajairikawo pakugadzira zvishongo uye mazamu ekudzivirira.
Unyanzvi hwemaoko hunopfuudzwa kuburikidza nemhuri, uye vazhinji vavo vane tsika kana kukosha kwekufananidzira, kunyanya mumamiriro emuchato, kudyara, uye mitambo yechitendero.
Dzidzo, kutapurirana kwetsika uye matambudziko aripo
La Xinca dzidzo Zvakagara zvisina kurongeka, zvichibva pakutapurirana nemuromo uye ruzivo rwakananga. Zvisinei, takatarisana nenjodzi yekutsakatika kwemutauro netsika, masangano enharaunda nemasangano akasimudzira zvirongwa zvekumutsiridza mutauro, kununura mabhuku akakurumbira, kuunganidza mazwi, uye kuparadzira ruzivo rwemadzitateguru pakati pevechidiki.
Imwe yematambudziko makuru kurasikirwa kwemutauro uye kupararira kwenzvimbo kwenharaunda.Vatami veXinca, vemukati nekunze, vanosangana nematambudziko mukuchengetedza mutauro netsika yavo munzvimbo dziri kuwedzera dzepasirese uye dzakaenzana.
Xinca tsika mune yenyika uye Latin America mamiriro
Kunyangwe kuvepo kweXinca kuri kudiki kana ichienzaniswa nenharaunda dzeMayan kana Garifuna, yavo simba rinoenda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenyika uye inomiririra mureza mukurwira kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yetsika. UNESCO nemamwe masangano epasi rose anosimbisa kukosha kwekuchengetedza Xinca mitauro netsika dzakasiyana sedombo repakona reCentral American mosaic.
MuCentral America, iyo Xinca nhaka inyaya yekutsvagisa, kushanya kwevashanyi, uye zviitiko zvekusimudzira tsika. Zviyeuchidzo, mamiziyamu, uye mitambo zvinova nzvimbo dzekusangana pakati pekare neazvino, zvichivhura mahwindo kune imwe yetsika dzinonakidza uye dzakasimba dzeGuatemala.
Kusimba uye kusimba: kune ramangwana reXinca tsika
Parizvino, iyo Kuedza kumutsiridza kuzivikanwa kweXinca kunoonekwaNharaunda, vatungamiriri, uye varatidziri vanobatana kuti vadzore ngano, miitiro, tsika dzekurima, uye hunyanzvi hwekuita, vachipa vechidiki maturusi ekuti vabatane nemidzi yavo uye kutarisira ramangwana nerudado rwemarudzi.
Zvisinei nekutyisidzirwa kwekutsakatika uye kuomerwa kwenhoroondo, tsika yeXinca inoratidza kugona kusingazununguki kugadzirisa nekuzvivandudza, kuchengetedza nhaka yayo mhenyu uchitsvaga nzira nyowani dzekutaura uye kuzivikanwa.
Mutauro wavo, tsika, zvokudya, unyanzvi, uye umudzimu zvinorarama nokuda kwokutsunga kusingazununguki kwavanhu vavo, avo, mukutarisana nokuregeredzwa uye nhamo, vakasarudza kuchengeta murazvo wegamuchidzanwa uchipfuta. Kuongorora nekunzwisisa hupfumi hwevanhu veXinca kunoreva kubatsira mukusiyana, ndangariro, uye kubatana kwevanhu veCentral America, kuchengetedza pfuma inoramba ichishamisa uye ichibata avo vanoswedera kune zvakavanzika zvayo uye zvemazuva ese.