La Sangano reWorld Health Organization (WHO) razivisa dambudziko rehutano hwevanhu pasi rose. Mukupindura kupararira kweEbola kutsva kwakakonzerwa nehutachiona hweBundibugyo, huri kupararira muDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC) neUganda, sarudzo iyi inoisa dambudziko rehutano padanho repamusoro rekucherechedza sangano iri uye inokonzeresa matanho akarongeka pasi rose.
Kunyangwe chirevo chepamutemo chinosanganisira kutaurwa kwe "dambudziko redenda"WHO inosimbirira kuti, pari zvino, chiitiko ichi haisviki padanho repamutemo rekudzivirira denda zvakatsanangurwa muInternational Health Regulations (IHR) ya2005. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, kuwedzera kwezvirwere, kufa kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hweBundibugyo uye njodzi yekuwedzera kwenzvimbo zvakakonzera kutya kukuru muAfrica nepasi rose.
Ruzivo pamusoro pechirwere cheEbola cheBundibugyo muDemocratic Republic of Congo
Chinangwa chikuru chedenda iri chiri mu dunhu rekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIturi, nzvimbo yemigodhi iri pamuganhu weUganda neSouth Sudan. Ruzivo rwakagoverwa neWHO nemasangano emudunhu rwunoratidza kuti nyaya dzinosvika sere dzakasimbiswa murabhoritarimazana emhosva dzinofungidzirwa uye rufu rwevanhu vanodarika makumi masere rungangodaro rwakabatana kuhutachiona munzvimbo ino.
Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kune nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakakosha dzekutumira data muIturi: Bunia, guta guru repurovhinzinzvimbo dzemigodhi dze Mongwalu neRwamparanedzimwe nzvimbo dzehutano dziri pedyo dzine mabasa ehupfumi akawandisa uye kufamba-famba kwakanyanya zuva nezuva. WHO pachayo inosimbisa kuti huwandu chaihwo hwehutachiona hunogona kunge yakakwirira zvikuru izvo zvisina kunyorwa muzvinyorwa zvepamutemo, nekuda kwekuoma kwekusvika kwacho uye kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzehutano dzisina kurongeka.
Kunze kweIturi, vakuru vakuru vekuCongo vakataura nezvekuwanikwa kweinenge imwe yenyoka iyi Yakasimbiswa nyaya yeEbola muBundibugyo, KinshasaGuta guru renyika iyi rakashuma nyaya yeCOVID-19 mumunhu akange abva kunzvimbo yakakanganiswa. Nhau idzi dzawedzera kushushikana pamusoro pekukanganisa kunogona kuitwa nechirwere ichi munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda mumaguta ine hukama hwakanyanya nemaguta emuAfrica nendege nepanyika.
Chikamu ichi chinowedzera nhoroondo refu yekupararira kwechirwere ichi munyika yeAfrica: ndicho Chikumi nemanomwe chakanyorwa nezvekupararira kweEbola muDRC kubvira pakatanga kuonekwa chirwere ichi muna 1976. Kupararira kwechirwere ichi kwakanyanya kwakaitika mudunhu reCongo pakupera kwegore ra2025, mudunhu reKasai, uye kwakasiya vanhu vakawanda vafa munzvimbo iri kure.
Kupararira kwechirwere ichi kuUganda uye kune njodzi kudunhu iri
Denda iri ratoyambuka muganhu. Vakuru vezvehutano vekuUganda neWHO vakasimbisa izvi. Vanhu vaviri vakasimbiswa murabhoritari muKampalaGuta guru reUganda, kusanganisira munhu mumwe chete akafa. Varwere vese vakambofamba kubva kuDemocratic Republic of Congo, izvo zvinoratidza kuti kubatana kwakajeka nepfungwa dzaIturiZvisinei, hapana hukama hwakananga hwezvirwere zvakawanikwa pakati pavo kusvika pari zvino.
Hurumende yeUganda yakashuma kuti mutumbi wemunhu Mugari wekuCongo akafira muKampala akadzorerwa kumusha kwake kuenda kuDRC, ukuwo mumwe munhu achiri muchipatara muguta guru pasi pemitemo yakasimba yekuparadzaniswa. Vakuru vekuUganda vakasimbirira kuti "hapana chikonzero chekuvhunduka" kune vanhu vose, asi vakasimbisa mitemo munzvimbo dzehutano nenzvimbo huru dzekupinda munyika.
Sangano reAfrica Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) rakayambira kuti kufamba kwakanyanya kwevanhu pakati peIturi nenyika dzakapoteredza Izvi zvinowedzera zvakanyanya njodzi yekupararira kwechirwere munharaunda nemumatunhu. Kufamba kwezuva nezuva kwevatengesi, vashandi vemumigodhi, nemhuri dzinoyambuka miganhu vachienda kunoona hama kunoita kuti zviome kuwana vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi pasina kuongororwa kwakasimba kwezvirwere.
Munyaya iyi, nyika dzine muganhu neDRC — dzinosanganisira Uganda, Rwanda, South Sudan, Burundi neCentral African Republic— dzakarongwa se nzvimbo dzine njodzi huru dzekuwedzeraVakuru vezvehutano veAfrican Union, pamwe neWHO nedzimwe nyika, vanoyambira kuti chero kunonoka kuwanikwa kwechirwere ichi kunogona kubatsira pakupararira kwechirwere ichi kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekondinendi.
Chii chinonzi Bundibugyo virus uye nei ichikonzera kunetseka kwakanyanya?
Utachiona hweBundibugyo huri muboka re Utachiona hweOrthoebolaZvinhu zvinogona kukonzera chirwere cheEbola muvanhu. Mhando nhanhatu dzine chekuita neEbola dzinozivikanwa, asi shoma chete ndidzo dzakakonzera kupararira kukuru kwechirwere ichi munguva pfupi yapfuura: hutachiona hweEbola (rudzi rweZaire), hutachiona hweSudan, uye Utachiona hweBundibugyo, ndiye ane mhosva yedambudziko riripo.
Kusiyana nerudzi rweZaire, rune majekiseni nemarapirwo akatenderwa, Parizvino hapana majekiseni ane mvumo kana mishonga chaiyo. kurwisa hutachiona hweBundibugyo. Kuedzwa kwekiriniki nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana uye mishonga inokwanisa kubayiwa majekiseni kuchiri kuenderera mberi, saka mhinduro yacho yakatarisana ne kurapwa kwekutanga kwekutsigiraKuwedzerwa mvura mumuviri zvakanyanya, kugadzikana kwemabasa emuviri uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.
ari zviratidzo zvekutanga Zviratidzo zvechirwere cheEbola hazviwanzo kuve pachena: fivha yakanyanya, kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, musoro, uye kurwadziwa kwehuro. Sezvo chirwere ichi chichiwedzera, zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuoneka. kurutsa, manyoka, kurwadziwa mudumbu, mapundu eganda, uye kubuda ropa mukati kana kunzeizvo zvinogona kukonzera kutadza kushanda kwenhengo dzakawanda dzemuviri muzviitiko zvakanyanya. Kutapurirana kunoitika kuburikidza kubata zvakananga nemvura yemuviri (ropa, marutsi, tsvina, mate, ziya, urume) kubva kumunhu anorwara kana akafa, pamwe chete nezvinhu zvakasvibiswa.
Huwandu chaihwo hwevanhu vakafa hwakabatana nechirwere cheBundibugyo hunosiyana zvichienderana nedenda iri, asi fungidziro kubva kumasangano ekurapa akadai se Vanachiremba Vasina Border Vanoti huwandu hwevanhu vanofa neEbola huri pakati pe25% ne40%. WHO inoti huwandu hwevanhu vanofa neEbola, kusanganisira marudzi akasiyana-siyana, hunosvika paavhareji. 50% yezvirwere, ine hunhu hunogona kuva pakati pe25% ne90% zvichienderana nekutarisirwa kwawakaitwa uye mamiriro ehutano.
Munhoroondo, iyi ndiyo chirwere chechitatu chakanyorwa chine chekuita nehutachiona hweBundibugyoMushure mekupararira kwechirwere ichi muUganda pakati pa2007 na2008 uye muDRC muna 2012, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanosvika zviuru gumi nezvishanu vakafa muAfrica yese nekuda kwezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zveEbola mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura, zvichikonzera kupararira kwakanyanya muWest Africa panguva yedenda guru ra2014–2016 uye muNorth Kivu neIturi pakati pa2018 na2020. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, ona nhoroondo yematambudziko makuru ehutano.
Sei WHO ichizivisa dambudziko rehutano repasi rose
Mufananidzo we "dambudziko rehutano hweveruzhinji riri kushushikana nenyika dzese" Ndiyo nzira yepamutemo inoshandiswa neWHO kunyevera pasi rose kuti denda rinokonzera njodzi huru kunze kwemiganhu yenyika yakabatwa. Muchiitiko ichi, Mutungamiriri Mukuru, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, akasimbisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aripo pari zvino anomiririra "Chiitiko chinoshamisa" izvo zvinoda mhinduro yakarongeka.
Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvakakonzera chisarudzo ichi zvaive kuwedzera kuri kuramba kuripo muhuwandu hwevanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vane mhosva nerufuKupararira kwakaonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutano muIturi, kuonekwa kwehutachiona muKampala, uye mukana wekuti huwandu chaihwo hwevanhu vane hutachiona "hwakakwira zvikuru" kupfuura hunoratidzwa mumishumo yekutanga. Huwandu hwakawanda hwesamples dzakanaka muongororo yekutanga yerabhoritari hunosimbisa pfungwa yekuti denda iri harisi kuzodzora.
WHO inotaurawo zvinotevera sechinhu chikuru: mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekuchengetedzeka kumabvazuva kweDemocratic Republic of CongoIturi inzvimbo ine zviitiko zvemhirizhonga yezvombo, kuvapo kwemapoka evapanduki, uye kudzingwa kwevanhu mukati menyika, izvo zvinoita kuti basa remapoka ezvehutano riome. Kusanganiswa kwevanhu vanofamba-famba zvakanyanya, nzvimbo dzemumaguta, uye network yakakura yenzvimbo dzehutano dzisina kudzorwa zvinoita kuti chirwere ichi chipararire chisingaonekwe.
Kuwedzerwa kune izvi ndiko hutachiona hunogona kuitika pakati pevashandi vehutanoNyanzvi dzezvehutano dzakati wandei dzakafa mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana nefivha inobuda ropa. Sekureva kweWHO, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoratidza kusakwana kwematanho ekudzivirira nekudzivirira hutachiona muzvipatara nemakiriniki, dambudziko rakatoonekwa mudenda reEbola rekare uye rinogona kukurumidzisa huwandu hwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi kana rikasagadziriswa nekukurumidza.
Kuziviswa kwedambudziko kunoreva chikumbiro chepamutemo kunyika dzese dziri nhengo kuti kusimbisa kugadzirira kwavo nekungwarirakunyanya avo vane hukama hwekufamba nekutengeserana kunzvimbo yakakanganiswa. Chinangwa ndechekudzivirira chirwere ichi kuti chisapararira munyika itsva uye kuona kuti, kana vanhu vakatorwa nechirwere ichi vaonekwa uye vagoparadzaniswa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Mhinduro dzepasi rose uye matanho ari kutorwa
Mushure mekuzivisa uku, WHO yakakumbira Democratic Republic of Congo neUganda kuti tangai nzira dzavo dzekutarisira njodzi dzenyika uye njodziVanofanira kutanga nzvimbo dzekushanda panguva yekukurumidzira uye kuchengetedza hutungamiriri humwe chete hwekubatanidza vese vane chekuita nechirwere. Zvinonyanya kusimbiswa pakudiwa kwemapoka ekutevera vanhu vanosangana nechirwere, marabhoritari anokwanisa kuyedza nekukurumidza, uye makamuri ekurapa akasarudzika ari pedyo nenzvimbo dzinopararira hutachiona.
ari Nzvimbo dzeAfrica dzeKudzora neKudzivirira Zvirwere Vaita musangano wepamusoro-soro neWHO, US CDC, China, Europe, nedzimwe nyika dzinodyidzana navo. Chinangwa ndechekugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvekutarisa, kugovana ruzivo rwechokwadi, uye kutsanangura rudzi rwerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi uye rwezvinhu runogona kupihwa nenyika dzakasiyana siyana nemasangano.
Kubva mubazi rezvekubatsira vanhu, masangano akadai se Vanachiremba Vasina Border Vari kugadzirira kuwedzera kuvapo kwavo mudunhu reIturi. Sangano reNGO rinonyevera kuti nharaunda dzakawanda dzakabatwa nechirwere ichi dzatove nematambudziko ekushaya rubatsiro rwehutano uye dzinogara munzvimbo dzisina kuchengetedzeka nguva dzose, saka rinoona "zvakakosha kuita chimwe chinhu nekukurumidza" kudzivirira denda iri kuti risanyanya kudzoreka uye kukonzera huwandu hwakawanda hwevanhu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi.
Mukufananidza, iyo Nzvimbo dzeU.S. dzeKudzora neKudzivirira Zvirwere (CDC) Vazivisa kuti pave nemapoka anobva kumahofisi avo muUganda neDRC, pamwe nekutumirwa kwerutsigiro rwakawedzerwa kubva kuAtlanta. Mapoka aya ari kushanda pamwe chete pakuongorora zvirwere, kuongorora marabhoritari, uye kudzidzisa vashandi vehutano vemunharaunda kuti vasimbise matanho ekudzivirira hutachiona.
WHO, kune rumwe rutivi, yatanga simbisa mafambiro ebasa munzvimbo dziri pasi pamwe chete nezvinhu zvekurapa zviri kutumirwa. Mudungwe wemidziyo inosvika matani gumi nemasere wabva kunzvimbo dzekuchengetedza njodzi dzesangano iri muDakar, Senegal, neNairobi, Kenya, uchienda kuBunia, guta guru repurovhinzi yeIturi. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira michina yekudzivirira, makiti ekuongorora, zvinhu zvekutora mienzaniso, matende, nemibhedha yechipatara, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Zvinokurudzirwa neWHO uye zvingangoitika kuEurope
Mumirayiridzo yayo yazvino, WHO inoratidza kuti Nyaya dzakasimbiswa dzinofanira kuparadzaniswa uye kurapwa nekukasika kusvika bvunzo mbiri dzehutachiona hweBundibugyo, dzakaitwa maawa makumi mana nemasere akasiyana, dzodzoka dzisina hutachiona. Nzira iyi ine chinangwa chekuputsa nzira dzekutapurirana uye kuderedza njodzi yekutapukirwa mukati mezvipatara nemunharaunda.
For the nyika dziri pedyo nenzvimbo dzakakanganiswaSangano reUnited Nations rinokurudzira kusimbisa kuburitswa kwemashoko evanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vane chirwere ichi, kuvandudza nzira dzekutarisa vanhu pamiganhu, uye kudzidzisa vashandi vehutano kuti vazive nekukurumidza zviratidzo zvinoenderana neEbola. Rinosimbisa kukosha kwekuva nemitemo yakajeka yekubata vanhu vakafa zvakachengeteka, imwe yenguva dzinonyanya kukonzera hutachiona.
Kunze kweCentral Africa, kusanganisira nyika dziri nhengo dzeEuropean Union neSpain, WHO inoti Hazvikurudzirwi kuvhara miganhu kana kudzikamisa kufamba kana kutengeserana.Mukufunga kwake, sarudzo dzakadai dzinowanzo shandiswa pakutya kwete pauchapupu hwesainzi uye dzinogona kusundidzira vafambi kuti vashandise nzira dzisina kurongeka, vasina mitemo yakakwana yehutano, izvo zvinozopedzisira zvawedzera njodzi yekupararira kwenyika dzese.
KuEurope, chinangwa chikuru chiri pa kuonekwa kwekutanga kwezviitiko zvinogona kutumirwa kunze kwenyikaIzvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune vafambi vachangobva kuenda kuDemocratic Republic of Congo kana Uganda uye vari kuratidza zviratidzo zvinoenderana neEbola. Nhandare dzendege dzeEurope nezviteshi zvengarava zvine nzira dzekubatsirana nevakuru vehutano hwenyika, kusanganisira kuparadzanisa vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vane chirwere ichi uye kutsvaga vanhu vari pedyo kana zvichidikanwa.
Vakuru vezvehutano vekuEurope, pamwe chete ne European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)Vanogonawo kuita basa rakakosha mukupa rutsigiro rwehunyanzvi uye mari yekubatsira muAfrica, vachiendesa zviwanikwa kunzvimbo dzine hutano husina kusimba. Ruzivo rwekare rweEU neSpain mukutarisira nyaya dzinobva kunze kwenyika panguva yekupararira kwezvirwere munguva yakapfuura runoshanda sechiratidzo chekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekugadzirira uye hwekugadzirisa matambudziko emuzvarirwo.
Panguva iyo huwandu chaihwo hwevanhu vane hutachiona uye huwandu hwenzvimbo yedenda iri huchiri kuvhiringidzika, musanganiswa we kuongorora kwenyika dzese, rutsigiro rwezvekufambisa zvinhu pasi, uye kushandira pamwe pakati penyika Izvi zvichave zvakakosha mukuderedza kupararira kwehutachiona hweBundibugyo. Mamiriro ezvinhu muDemocratic Republic of Congo neUganda anoratidza kudiwa kwekudyara mari kwenguva refu muhurongwa hwehutano hwakasimba, muAfrica nepasi rose, kuitira kuti dambudziko rinotevera rehutano rigone kuonekwa nekukurumidza uye kugadziriswa zvinobudirira.
