Hunyanzvi hwemutambi wemufirimu hunoenda zvakanyanya kupfuura mitsara yemusoro: zvinosanganisira kuongorora, kudzidzira, kuyedza, kuita zvikanganiso, uye kuyedza zvakare kudzamara chiitiko chacho chave nechokwadi. Pachirongwa chega chega, mutambi anosanganisa kugadzirira kwehunyanzvi, kunzwa, uye kuzvipira kune mutambi kuitira kuti kamera itore izvo vateereri vanoda kunzwa. Tiri munzira, kududzira unyanzvi Ndiyo mepu; firimu, nzvimbo; uye mugumisiro, manzwiro anoita seanongoerekana aitika kunyange zvazvo akanyatsogadzirwa.
Muchinyorwa chino, unowana tsananguro yakajeka yezvinoitwa nemutambi, inzira ipi yekutamba inosanganisirwa, hunyanzvi hune simba, uye kutarisa kwevatambi vanotungamira vakatora dzidziso yavo kune yakakurukurwa zvakanyanya. Iwe unozowanawo nyaya apo inokakavadzana kuti nzira yacho inobatsira here kana kuti inodzivisa, pamwe chete nefirimu yekuda kuziva pamusoro pemabasa maviri. Zvese izvi, pamwe ruzivo runoshanda uye mienzaniso izvo zvichakubatsira iwe kunzwisisa kuti kuita kukuru kunovakwa sei.
Chii chinoitwa nemutambi wemufirimu zuva nezuva?
Izvo zvese zvinotanga nekuverenga script uye kuongorora hunhu: zvinangwa, zvipingamupinyi, hukama, uye mamiriro. Kubva ipapo, muiti anoumba fungidziro dzekuzvibata kuti ape kubatana kune chimwe nechimwe chiito uye izwi, achitsvaga kongiri anchors inovabvumira kuti vapindure nega. Muchikamu chino, kugadzirira zvinyorwa uye zvinoshamisa inoisa hwaro hwezvichauya mukudzokorora uye kutora mafirimu.
Kudzidzira kunobatsira kuyedza rhythms, subtexts, uye zviito zvemuviri; dzimwe nzira dzinoongororwa uye sarudzo dzinokwenenzverwa kudzamara chiitiko chabata pamwechete pasina hunyanzvi. Mukufanana, izwi nemuviri zvinoshandiswa pa: diction, fungidziro, matauriro, kudzidziswa kwemuviri, kana shanduko yechitarisiko kana basa richida. Izvo zvese zvinoshanda chinangwa chimwe chete: kuve nechokwadi chekuti nyaya inoyerera uye chimiro chiri inovimbika uye organic.
Panguva yekutora firimu, mutambi anofanira kuchengetedza manzwiro uye kuenderera kwemuviri pakati pekutora, kujairana nemakamera cues, mwenje, uye maikorofoni, uye kudzokorora chaizvo pasina kurasikirwa kwavo. Iyo kamera inobata zvese nuance, saka kutarisisa kwakakosha; kunyangwe pavanenge vasiri kutora firimu repedyo-pedyo, vatambi vakanaka vanotsigira chiitiko kuti vape chokwadi kune vamwe. Uku kuenzana pakati pehunyanzvi uye kungoerekana kwaitika, mubhaisikopo, a kugadzira wachi.
Mushure mekutora firimu, panogona kuve nekuwedzera dubbing kana ADR basa rekuvandudza mitsetse uye kuenderana kwekurira. Kusimudzira uye kubvunzurudza kunotevera gare gare, apo muiti anogadzirisa maitiro asina kuburitsa zvakavanzika zvinoshatisa mashiripiti. Panhanho imwe neimwe, hunhu hwebasa uye kutarisirwa kwechikwata zvine basa setarenda: chimiro chehunyanzvi chakakoshawo. chikamu chedudziro.
Nzira yekuita: chii uye nei ichiparadzanisa maonero
Kana tichitaura nezve nzira mukuita, tinoreva mhuri yemaitiro anotsvaka kuita kuti mutambi awane ruzivo (kusvika pazvinogoneka) manzwiro uye pfungwa dzemutambi. Nhoroondo, nzira iyi inokwevera paStanislavski System, iyo yakaronga nzira yekuenda kuchokwadi chemitambo kuburikidza nezviito zvemuviri, ndangariro dzekunzwa, uye kuongororwa kwakadzama. Kubva ipapo, misiyano uye zvikoro zvakabuda zvakazivisa basa re zvizvarwa zvevatambi.
Nzira yekuita yakaunza mhedzisiro isingakanganwike, asi zvakare inoburitsa gakava. Vamwe mumapepanhau uye vatsoropodzi vanozviona zvakanyanyisa kana zvichiita sekutsiva kuita nezviitiko chaizvo zvinogona kuisa mutambi panjodzi kana kuita kuti vashandi vasagadzikana. MuHollywood, mafungu mazhinji anogara pamwe chete: havasi vese vanotora nzira, uye hazvidiwi; kune vatambi vanofarira kutarisa pane zvakajeka zviito, fungidziro, uye kubatana nemumwe wavo, pasina kunamatira ndangariro dzinorwadza dzomunhu oga.
Iwo 15 makuru ezvino nzira vaturikiri neshanduko dzavo
- Robert De Niro (Mutyairi weTaxi) Akabvisa kudzidziswa kwake: akawana rezinesi rake rekutyaira taxi muNew York uye akashanda pachivande, aona masoja eAmerica pane imwe nzvimbo muItari kuti vanyudze maitiro avo. Kunyudzwa uku kwakakuchidzira hunhu hwaTravis Bickle hwekupengenuka uye kusurukirwa zvine hunhu. dzinonetsa.
- Christian Bale (The Machinist) Izvo zvakafanana nekuzvipira kwakanyanya kwemuviri: akarasikirwa ne30 kg nekudya kwakanyanya kwemichero uye kuchengetedza, kusvika pakunetsekana nevashandi, vakamukumbira kuti adzike. Muviri wake wakaonda uye chimiro chake chepfungwa zvinopindirana pachiratidziri kuchengetedza mufananidzo wemhosva uye kushaya hope kunoguma. kuputsa Munhu.
- Kate Winslet (Muverengi) Akashanda zuva rose nekutaura kwechiGerman uye kushushikana mupfungwa izvo zvakamuwanisa Oscar. Iye pachake akareurura kuti zvakamutorera mwedzi kuti adzokere pachiyero chake chenguva dzose mushure mekugara aimbova gadhi weNazi, humbowo hwekuti kuiswa kwemunhu wacho mukati zvakadzama.
- Charlize Theron (Chikara) akachinja muviri wake nemasaini Kuti aite Aileen Wuornos, akawedzera uremu, akachinja ganda rake netumwe twaitevedzera ma tatoo, akagera tsiye dzake, uye akapfeka mazino emazino aishatisa kunyemwerera kwake. Mhedzisiro ibasa remuviri nerepfungwa rinomubvisa kubva kune chero runako uye rinomuisa mubishi zvakanyanyisa.
- Choi Min-sik (Oldboy) Akachinjanisa kuwedzera uremu nekudzikira, akatara ganda rake newaya kugadzira tatoo yehunhu hwake, uye akatodya octopus mhenyu muchiitiko chakadzokororwa kakawanda. Kuzvipira kwake kunopa hutapwa uye kutsiva kunotevera chokwadi icho vateereri vanonzwa sekunge chaive chiitiko. zvakananga kukanganisa.
- Adrien Brody (Mupiyano) Akasiya zvinyaradzo: akatengesa mota yake, akasiya imba yake, akadzima nhare dzake uye akatamira kuEurope aine masutukesi maviri, achitozvibvisa kune mumwe wake. Akatsvaga kusangana nekuparara uye kudzurwa, zvakakosha zvimisikidzo kuti zviratidze kupona chinyararire kwemupiyano Szpilman ane. chokwadi chakaoma.
- Heath Ledger (The Dark Knight) Akazviparadzanisa muhotera, akachengeta diary kubva kuJoker's psychology, uye akachengetedza kusimba kweseti pasina kutyora hunhu, izvo zvakafadza (uye kunyange kukanganisa) vaaishanda navo. Kuumbwa kwake kwemhirizhonga uye kunyemwerera kwekucheka ndechimwe chezvakawanda iconic kubva munguva pfupi yapfuura cinema.
- Jim Carrey (Munhu paMwedzi) Aigara Andy Kaufman ari uye achidzima kamera, achitevedzera tic yake, toni, uye simba kuitira kuti vashandi vainzwa sekunge vari kugara nemuseki chaiye. Uku kusanganiswa kwemuiti uye hunhu kwakashandura pfuti kuita kuyedza mukuzivikanwa nemhedzisiro yakabudirira. hypnotics.
- Hilary Swank (Vakomana Havacheme) Akararama somurume kwenguva yakati, kutozosvikira apwisa vavakidzani vake kuti akanga ane ‘hama’ yaimushanyira. Kunyudzwa uku kwakaita kuti imwe neimwe yemaitiro uye chitarisiko chemunhu chibude kubva muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, ichipa mwero wehuchokwadi. kubata.
- Nicolas Cage (Shiri) Akabviswa mazino maviri pasina kutindivadza kuti anzwe kurwadziwa chaiko uye akapedza mavhiki chiso chake chakasungwa bhandeji, zvaienderana nebasa rake semurwi akakuvadzwa neHondo yeVietnam. Iyo yekubhejera inotungamira mutengo wenyama wechiitiko chehondo nekushomeka kukuru.
- Jared Leto (Chikwata chekuzviuraya) Akaita kuti Joker arege kamera uye achitamba macabre pranks nevamwe vake, achitumira zvinhu zvinoshungurudza semakonzo kana mabara. Zano rake raive rekuparadzira kusagadzikana uye mhirizhonga, zvinhu zvaitsanangura psychology yehunhu hwake nenzira zvinodenha.
- Daniel Day-Lewis (Lincoln) Akadzidza nhoroondo dzehupenyu, akatevedzera runyoro rwemutungamiri wenyika, uye akazvisaina "Mutungamiriri Mukuru," achiumba izwi rake, chimiro, uye kufunga kusvika kune yekupedzisira fiber. Hungwaru hwake hunoshandura chiito chese kuita chikamu chenhoroondo yezvibodzwa. rarama.
- Forest Whitaker (Mambo Wokupedzisira weScotland) Akatora matauriro, cadence, uye kudya izvo zvakamubatsira kuumba Idi Amin, achidzikisa kudya kwake kune akareruka purees kuwiriranisa muviri nepfungwa. Kuvapo kwake kwemagineti uye kunotyisa kunozvarwa kubva mubasa iri re kushandurwa kwakakwana.
- Michelle Williams (Blue Valentine) Akagara nemumwe wake nyeredzi kwemwedzi wose kuti vakudziridze maitiro evaviri, mari yemumba, uye zvidiki tsika. Zuva nezuva rinova zvinhu zvinoshamisa uye rinopa iyo firimu hunhu hunoratidzika zvinyorwa.
- Tom Cruise (chibatiso) Akadzidzira kusaonekwa: akaendesa mapasuru semutakuri asingazivikanwe, achiyedza kuvharika kwake kwemudhorobha. Kudzidziswa ikoko kunoturikira kuita mhondi inokwanisa kusanganisa chero munhu, chikara. asingaoneki pakati peboka revanhu.
Vatambi vemazuva ano uye nyaya dzakagadzira misoro
Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti havasi vose muHollywood vanotevera nzira, uye chaizvoizvo, vamwe vanoipikisa, vachitenda kuti inogona kuva magumo pachayo. Vamwe vanoishandisa zvichienderana neprojekti kana basa. Pakati peiyi spectrum, avo vanobatanidza zviwanikwa zvenzira nemamwe maturusi ekuenzanisa hunyanzvi, hutano, uye kushanda pamwe chete, uye dzimwe nguva basa iroro rinowana mibairo yakadai se Goridhe Goridhe.
Leonardo DiCaprio Anowanzo kutaurwa semutambi anotora nzira dzemaitiro kana basa raida. Zvinonzi nzira idzi dzinogona kupesana nedzimwe nheyo dzomunhu, dzimwe nguva dzine chokuita nekuzvipira kwake kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvigaro pazvokudya, asi izvi hazvimutadzise kutsvaga. dramatic intensity kuti nyaya imwe neimwe inoda.
Uye 2016, Timothée Chalamet Akasarudza kutumirwa kwake pachake muNdishevedze Nezita Rako, achivimba nekugadzirira kwemuviri (piyano uye mutauro wemuviri) uye kunyatsoteerera kune mumwe wake, zvishandiso zvinowanzobatanidzwa nezvikoro zvenzira uye izvo zvinotsigira fragility. chiedza.
Nyaya ya Heath ledger Uye Joker wake anoramba ari mumwe weanonyanya kukakavara, chiratidzo chekuti kunyudzwa kwepfungwa kunosvika papi. Maitiro ake, atoongororwa, anosimudzira nhaurirano pamusoro pemiganhu ine hutano pasina kukanganisa kubva pakusikwa. isingadzimiki.
Adhirairi Adhamu, anozivikanwa nekuzvibata kwake, akaisa pamberi kusvika pakurega kushamwaridzana panguva yemifananidzo; iyo anecdote inotenderera yekudya kwemangwanani isina kugovaniswa naMark Hamill kuchengetedza kutarisa uye kuremerwa kwemanzwiro ayo hunhu hwake. zvinodiwa.
Pakunyanyisa kwekuita, Jared Leto akaita sarudzo dzakatevedzana dzakabata muviri wake nevaaitamba navo, zvese mukuedza kugara vanhu vakanyanya. Aya matekiniki anovhurazve gakava pamusoro petsika paseti uye chiyero pakati pekukurudzira kwekugadzira uye kuremekedzwa kwenyanzvi.
Maitiro ekududzira akakosha kupfuura nzira
Stanislavski Technique
Konstantin Stanislavsky akataura hurongwa hwekuwana chokwadi chechokwadi chedanho kuburikidza nekuongorora uye kuita kwemuviri. Mubvunzo wake unotungamirira unogona kuumbwa seizvi: Kudai ndaiva mumamiriro ezvinhu emunhu wacho, ndaizoita sei? Kuburikidza nekiyi iyi, mutambi anovaka zvakabatana uye manzwiro akabatana.
- Pfungwa yechokwadi: patsanura iyo organic kubva kune yakagadzirwa uye tarisa pane yakakosha, kubvisa superfluous tic.
- Relaxation: kusunungura kusawirirana kuitira kuti muviri uve nzira inowanikwa uye chaiyo.
- Concentration uye ndangariro: gadzira zvinotariswa zvemukati nekunze, nebasa rekurangarira uye rekurangarira.
- Kubata uye kutaurirana: pindura zvine upenyu kune vaunoshanda navo uye zviri kuitika pachikuva.
- Zvisungo zvekuita: pwanya basa kuita zvidimbu zvinogoneka kutsanangura zvinangwa nemaitiro.
- Mamiriro ezvinhu: kunzwisisa mamiriro, nguva uye hukama kururamisa maitiro.
- Kubatana: gadzirisa zvinokurudzira nearc yemutambi.
- Creativity: Usagadzikane nemhinduro yekutanga; ramba uchiongorora zvakatendeka.
Grotowski Technique
Jerzy Grotowski, mushure mekudzidza Stanislavsky, akashandura pfungwa kune kudzidziswa kwemuviri uye kunyatsojeka kwemafungiro. Aiona basa remutambi serinenge tsvakiridzo yesainzi: rabhoritari uko mutambi anodurura clichés uye anowana kutsva kwekutaura. zvakananga uye tsika.
Afemerwa neKathakali theatre, Marcel Marceau's pantomime kana Meyerhold's biomechanics, akaisa pamberi kune maitiro pamusoro pemhedzisiro, kunzwisisa theatre sechiito chekupa kune vateereri. Danho rinova nzvimbo ye chibayiro nechokwadi, nekunakidzwa, mazano uye kukurudzirwa kwepfungwa.
Chekhov Technique
Michael Chekhov, mudzidzi waStanislavsky, akarerutsa kuwana manzwiro kuburikidza nemifananidzo uye hunhu hwemuviri, pasina kunyanya-njere. Akaronga maitiro epfungwa: kufamba kwekongiri kunosanganisira mamiriro epfungwa, kuvhura nzira inochinjika pakati pemuviri nepfungwa. mafungiro.
Kurovedzwa kwake kunosimbisa kureruka, chimiro, runako, uye kukwana; inokoka munhu kupenya, kutarisisa, uye kugadzira mamiriro ekunze ayo vateereri vanokurumidza kuona. Kuburikidza nezviito zvechiito uye zviratidziro, mutambi anodzivirira kusawirirana kusingakoshi uye anobatana nenhetembo yekukurudzira. chiitiko.
Adler Technique
Kuna Stella Adler, kiyi yekufungidzira. Mutambi anofanirwa kuwedzera nyika yake kuburikidza nekutarisa uye tsika, uye kubva ipapo anozadza hupenyu hwemutambi nemifananidzo chaiyo. Kuita kunozvarwa kubva mukuita nekupembedza zviito, kwete kubva mukuumburuka mazviri. manzwiro ega.
- Kuita: vimba nezviito zvinotsanangurwa muchinyorwa kuti uwane makakatanwa chaiwo.
- Kufungidzira kwakadzidziswa: tarisa nyika kugadzira mifananidzo yakajeka inotsigira ngano.
- Kuoma kwepfungwa: dzidza mamiriro emagariro, mazano uye ruzivo rwebasa kuti ribudise zvakavanzika zvaro.
- Hukuru: Kugadzirira kwezwi uye kwemuviri kukwidziridza zvinyorwa uye kusvika kune vateereri nesimba.
Mukutaura kwake, chinyorwa ndiyo musangano mukuru wekuvakwa kwemifananidzo nezviito; pane apo zvichazoratidzwa gare gare nemazvo uye clearidad.
Strasberg Technique
Lee Strasberg, akapesvedzerwa naStanislavsky, akasimbisa ndangariro yepfungwa: kushandisa ndangariro dzako uye manzwiro kuti uwane mamiriro ehunhu. Nzira yake inoronga maturusi ekudzivirira kusungirirwa uye kubatana nepakati inobata yehunhu. muturikiri.
- Relaxation: pedza kusawirirana kusunungura mhinduro yemanzwiro.
- Kusungwa: shanda nezvinhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera mifananidzo inobatsira uye manzwiro.
- Privacy: simudza rusvingo rwechina rwepfungwa runobvumira kushamwaridzana kwemanzwiro kunyange pamberi pevateereri kana kamera.
- Kuchinja: sarudza chete iyo data data inobata zvakananga muviri wemanzwiro, kudzivirira ruzha.
- Chiito: batanidza zviito apo kunzwisisa kwemanzwiro kwagara kwakasimba.
- Affective and sensory memory: kusiyanisa zviitiko zvemutambi uye manzwiro akabatwa nemanzwiro, achivabatanidza mubasa.
Kwemakore, nhaurirano nemutsara waAdler wakaratidza dzidziso muNorth America: fungidziro nezviito zvichipesana nendangariro dzakatariswa mupfungwa. Kubva munhaurirano iyi kwakabuda chizvarwa chinokwanisa kusarudza maturusi maererano neprojekti uye hunhu.
Meisner Technique
Sanford Meisner akaronga dzidziso inosimudzira kuteerera kwechokwadi uye nekuchimbidzika kupindura kune mumwe wako. Pfungwa yepakati: kubuda kunze uye kurega kutarisa kune kunze kunopisa maitiro echokwadi, kupfuura mazwi, ayo dzimwe nguva, sezvaakataura, "anogona kureva nhema".
- Mapurisa: nyatso gadzirisa kugonesa mhinduro dzechokwadi.
- Teerera: tarisa kune mumwe kuita nenzira ine upenyu.
- Kutarisa kune zvakatipoteredza: regai mashoko akapoteredza anyandure mirangariro nezviito.
- Maitiro: koshesa zvinoitika pasi pechinyorwa.
- Kuvaka kwako pachako: gadzira chako chakasarudzika chishandiso semutambi.
Mukuita, matekiniki ese anogovera tambo dzakafanana: kuongorora, kuita, uye kutsvaga chokwadi. Chinokosha ndechekubatanidza zviwanikwa uye kugadzira nzira yemunhu inobvumidza iwe kupenya pasina kurasikirwa nehutano hwako uye kugara zvakanaka. kutamba pachikuva.
Movie trivia: kaviri basa muKill Bill saga
Nyaya yekutsiva kweMwenga mubasa raQuentin Tarantino yakakamurwa kuita mavhoriyamu maviri uye inovanza inonaka yemusoro: Michael Parks inoonekwa muvhoriyamu 1 seTexas Ranger Earl McGraw uye, gare gare, muvhoriyamu 2, saEsteban Vihaio, baba vaBill baba; uyezve, Gordon Liu anomiririra mavara maviri akasiyana mune yese saga. Iyi tsika yekushandisa zvakare vatambi muzvikamu zvakasiyana inowedzera magadzirirwo kune yakasikwa Tarantino uye inopemberera kuita zvakasiyana-siyana.
Tichitarisa pamufananidzo wose, basa remutambi wemufirimu inyanzvi yekugadzira, fungidziro, uye ushingi: kubva pakuongororwa kwechinyorwa uye kudzidziswa kwemuviri kusvika kusarudzo yechikoro chekuita, kusanganisira sarudzo dzakazvipira senge nzira kana mamwe maitiro ekufungidzira uye maitiro. Mienzaniso yakaongororwa inoratidza kuti hukuru hunouya kana hunhu hwehunyanzvi, maturusi akakwenenzverwa, uye chido chisingapedziki chekugara mune humwe hupenyu. chokwadi.
