ChiHindu chinozivikanwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana evanamwarikadzi. Mumwe nemumwe wevanamwari ava ane basa rake uye nhoroondo yake. Vanamwari vechiHindu vakakurumbira ndiBrahma, Vishnu, naShiva, asi kune vamwe vakawanda vanonamatwa nevateveri vechitendero ichi.
Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura nezvevanamwari vakasiyana-siyana vechiHindu, tichinyatsotarisa pane vatatu vakuru. Chinangwa chedu ndechekupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwevanamwari vechiHindu uye kuti vanoita basa rakakosha sei muchitendero netsika dzeIndia. Kuburikidza nechinyorwa chino, tinotarisira kubatsira vaverengi kunzwisisa kupfuma nekusiyana kwechitendero chechiHindu uye kunzwisisa zviri nani basa racho muhupenyu hwevatendi varo.
Rudzii rworudzidziso rudzidziso rwechiHindu?
Tisati takurukura nezvevamwari vechiHindu, ngatitangei tatsanangura kuti chiHindu chii. ChiHindu, chinozivikanwawo seSanatana Dharma kana kuti "nzira isingaperi," ndechimwe chezvitendero zvekare uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa pasi rose. Chakatangira muIndia uye chakapararira kuNepal, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, nedzimwe nyika dzeSoutheast Asia. ChiHindu chakavakirwa pazvinyorwa zvitsvene, zvinosanganisira maVeda, maUpanishad, nemaPurana, pakati pezvimwe.
Inozivikanwa nekusiyana-siyana kwayo kwevamwari , mumwe nemumwe ane basa rake uye nhoroondo yake. Vamwari vakakurumbira ndiBrahma, Vishnu, naShiva. Brahma ndiye musiki wezvose, Vishnu ndiye mudziviriri uye muchengeti wezvose, uye Shiva ndiye muparadzi uye mugadziri wezvese. Tichakurukura nezvavo zvakadzama gare gare.
ChiHindu chinosimbisawo zvikuru kuberekwa patsva, pfungwa yekuti mweya wemunhu unozvarwa patsva mumuviri mutsva mushure mekufa. ChiHindu chinodzidzisawo kuti kusunungurwa kwemweya, kunozivikanwa semoksha, ndicho chinangwa chikuru chehupenyu. Uyezve, chine tsika yeguru-mudzidzi, uko guru, kana mudzidzisi wemweya, anotungamira mudzidzi munzira yavo yekusununguka kwemweya. Chitendero ichi chinewo tsika dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinosanganisira pujas (kunamata), yajnas (zvipiriso), yoga, kufungisisa, nekutsanya.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chiHindu chitendero chakasiyana-siyana chine mapazi netsika dzakasiyana-siyana. Chitendero chipenyu, uye chinoramba chichichinja uye chichienderana nenguva dzazvino.
Vanamwari vechiHindu vangani?
Sezvatakambotaura, chiHindu chine vanamwari vakawanda, mumwe nemumwe ane basa rake uye nhoroondo yake. Vanamwari vakakurumbira ndiBrahma, Vishnu, naShiva, asi kune vamwe vakawanda muchitendero chechiHindu. Zvichienderana netsika dzakasiyana nemagwaro matsvene, mazana evanamwari nevamwari vanotaurwa. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti muchiHindu, vese vari mativi akasiyana aMwari mukuru, Brahman, uye vanamwari vese vanoonekwa sezviratidzo zvaMwari mumwe chete.
Kunze kwaBrahma, Vishnu, naShiva, vamwe vevanamwari nevamwari vakakurumbira muHinduism ndevanotevera:
- Devi kana Shakti: Mwarikadzi wechikadzi, simba raMwari. Anorangarirwa kuva mai vavamwari navamwarikadzi vose. Ndimwarikadzi wembereko.
- Ganesh: Mwari ane musoro wenzou, mubvisi wezvipingamupinyi. Ndiye mumwe wevamwari vakakurumbira uye anonamatwa muIndia yose. Ndimwari weuchenjeri uye kubudirira.
- Kartikeya: Mwari wehondo noushingi. Ndiye mapatya aGanesha.
- Hanuman: Mwari wetsoko, muranda akatendeka weRama. Ndiye mwari wokuvimbika nokuzvipira.
- Lakshmi: Mwarikadzi wepfuma, kubudirira uye kugara zvakanaka. Ndiye mudzimai waVishnu.
- Sarasvati: Mwarikadzi wenziyo, unyanzvi uye njere.
- Rama uye Krishna: Vaviri vevamwari vakakurumbira uye vanonamatwa vechiHindu muchiHindu. Iwo maavatars eVishnu uye ane kukosha kukuru mungano nechitendero chechiHindu.
- Kali: Mwarikadzi wekuparadza uye shanduko. Ndiyo yakanyanya kusimba chimiro chaDevi uye inonamatwa neavo vanotsvaga dziviriro nesimba.
Mwari mumwe nemumwe ane ngano dzavo, nhoroondo, uye tsika dzavo dzekunamata. Vamwe vanamwari vanonamatwa muIndia yese, nepo vamwe vakakurumbira munzvimbo dzakatarwa. Pazasi, tichakurukura nezvevanamwari vatatu vakuru vechiHindu—Brahma, Vishnu, naShiva—zvakadzama.
Brahma: musiki wezvose
Ngatitangei nemukuru wevamwari vechiHindu: Brahma. Pasina mubvunzo, ndiye mumwe wevamwari vakakosha muchitendero chechiHindu. Anoonekwa semusiki wezvinhu zvose uye mumwe weTrimurti, pamwe chete naVishnu (muchengeti) naShiva (muparadzi). Brahma anozivikanwawo sa "Baba veMadzinza" kana kuti "Prajapati." Ndiye mwari wezvisikwa uye musiki wezvisikwa zvose zvipenyu. Uyezve, ndiye mwari weuchenjeri neruzivo rwemweya. Anoonekwawo semwari wenhetembo nemimhanzi.
Sekureva kwengano dzechiHindu, Brahma akasikwa naMwari mukuru, Brahman, kuti agadzire nyika yese. Akatanga basa iri nekufungisisa nekufungisisa, uye mushure mechinguva, akatanga kusika zvisikwa zvipenyu. Akasika matenga, nyika, makungwa, nezvisikwa zvipenyu zvinogara mazviri.
Brahma anowanzo kuratidzwa nemaoko mana, akabata bhuku, rozari, minhenga, nendiro yemvura. Anowanzova nemisoro mina, imwe neimwe yakatarisana nedivi rakasiyana, zvichiratidza chisikwa mumativi mana makuru. Mukunamata kwechiHindu, Brahma mwari asina mukurumbira zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa naVishnu naShiva, uye ane temberi shoma nevateveri vakatsaurirwa kwaari. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe tsika dzemunzvimbo, anonamatwa zvakanyanya uye anonyanya kukosha mungano.
Vishnu: mudziviriri uye muchengeti wechisiko chose
Ngatitarisei kuna mwari Vishnu, mumwe wevamwari vakakosha vechiHindu. Sekureva kwechiHindu, ndiye muchengeti wezvinhu zvose. Sekureva kwengano dzechiHindu, Vishnu ndiye mudziviriri wezvinhu zvose uye ndiye ane basa rekuchengetedza kuenzana kwazvo. Saka, ndiye mwari weruramisiro nedziviriro. Ndiye mutsigiri wezvose zviripo, mutsigiri wezvinhu zvose zvipenyu, uye mutsigiri wemitemo yenyika yose.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa zvaVishnu imhando yemuviri wake kana kuti maavatar ake mumhando dzakasiyana, anozivikanwa se "Vishnu Avatars." Maavatar aya anosanganisira Rama naKrishna, vanamwari vaviri vakakurumbira uye vanonamatwa muchiHindu, avo vanonyanya kukosha mungano netsika dzayo. Avatar imwe neimwe yaVishnu ine chinangwa chayo uye nyaya yayo.
Vishnu anowanzo kuratidzwa aine maoko mana, akabata goko re conch (shankha), discus (chakra), mace (gada), uye lotus flower (padma). Anowanzo tenderedzwa neblue halo. Zvakajairika kumuona aine nyoka inonzi Shesha, iyo inomukomberedza sepiro. Anowanzo kuratidzwa akatsamira panzvimbo inozivikanwa se "Ananta-Shesha," kwaanozorora paShesha achifungisisa uye achimirira kuzvarwa kwake kunotevera.
Mukunamata kwechiHindu, Vishnu mumwe wevanamwari vakakosha uye anoremekedzwa muIndia yese. Matembere ake, anozivikanwa seVaishnavism, akajairika uye anozivikanwa. Vateveri vaVishnu vanonzi Vaishnava uye vanozvipira uye vanonamata mwari uyu nemaavatar ake.
Shiva: muparadzi uye anovandudza zvakasikwa
Chekupedzisira, tinofanira kutaura nezvaShiva, mumwe wevamwari vakakosha muchitendero chechiHindu. Ndiye muparadzi uye mugadziri wezvinhu zvose. Sekureva kwengano dzechiHindu, Shiva ndiye mwari wekuparadza nekushandura, asi ndiyewo mwari wekuvandudzwa nekugadzira. Uyezve, ndiye mwari wekufungisisa nekuzvinyima, ndosaka achionekwa senyanzvi yeyoga nesainzi yetantra.
Kunze kwemazita ese aya, Shiva ndiye mwari wemakomo nenzizi, uye mudziviriri wemhuka dzesango nemiti. Saka, hazvishamisi kuti anozivikanwawo saPashupati, kana kuti Ishe weMhuka. Uye hazvishamisi kuti vanamati vake vakuru vafudzi nevavhimi. Shiva anozivikanwawo saIshe weMutambo (Nataraja) muchimiro chake chekutamba, zvichiratidza kusikwa nekuparadzwa kwenyika.
Shiva anowanzo kuratidzwa nemaziso matatu, muviri usina kupfeka, uye akashongedzerwa nenyoka nemutsipa wemadehenya. Anowanzoonekwa aine bhandi remusoro rakaita seganda rengwe uye jira retatu mumaoko ake. Anowanzoonekwawo achifungisisa kana kutamba. Mukunamata kwechiHindu, Shiva mumwe wevanamwari vakakosha uye anoremekedzwa muIndia yese. Matembere ake akajairika uye anozivikanwa seShaivism. Vateveri vaShiva vanozivikanwa seShaivas uye vanonamata Shiva nemarudzi ake akasiyana-siyana.
Ndinovimba kuti ruzivo rwese urwu nezvevamwari vechiHindu hwave huchinakidza kwauri. Iwe unodzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva zuva rega rega!