Muzana remakore rechi21, tichitaura nezve hunyanzvi hwemadhijitari Hazvisisiri sarudzo, zvinenge zvichidiwa. Kubva pakutsvaga kwatinoita ruzivo online kusvika pakushanda, kudzidza, kana kubatana nevamwe, hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva hunotenderera pamasikirini, mapuratifomu, uye maapplication anoda hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji.
Kugona hunyanzvi uhwu hakusi kungoziva kushandisa nharembozha yako, email, kana social media chete. kufamba nekuchengetedzwa, kutonga kwakanaka uye kuzvitonga Munzvimbo yedhijitari iri kuchinja nekukurumidza, zvakakosha kushandisa mikana pasina kuzviisa panjodzi, uye kuita izvozvo uchiremekedza mutemo, tsika, uye kuenderera mberi.
Chii chinonzi hunyanzvi hwedhijitari, chaizvo?
Patinotaura nezvehunyanzvi hwedhijitari, tiri kureva ruzivo, hunyanzvi uye mafungiro izvo zvinobvumira kushandiswa kwakachengeteka, kwakakosha, uye kwehunyanzvi kwetekinoroji yedhijitari mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana: basa, dzidzo, hupenyu hwevanhu, uye hupenyu hwemunhu. Hazvisi zvekungoziva "mashandisirwo ekombuta," asi ndezvekunzwisisa mamiriro edhijitari uye kuashandisa zvinobudirira.
Tsananguro yapararira muEurope inotsanangura kuti kushandiswa kwakachengeteka uye kwakakosha kweruzivo neruzivo rwekutaurirana yebasa, zororo nekutaurirana, zvichifukidza ruzivo rwese: kuwana, kuongorora, kuchengeta, kugadzira, kupa, kugovera uye kuishandisa muma network ekushandira pamwe online.
Unyanzvi uhwu chikamu che hunyanzvi husere hwakakosha hwekudzidza kwehupenyu hwese uye zvinoonekwa sezvinokosha pakutora chikamu chakazara munharaunda yanhasi, iyo yakazara nekushandiswa kwedhijitari muzvikamu zvese kana zviitiko.
Kunze kwezvehunyanzvi chete, kugona kwedhijitari kunosanganisirawo maitiro nemaitiro emunhuKuda kuziva maturusi matsva, pfungwa dzakakosha pane zvatinoshandisa online, mutoro pakugovana ruzivo, uye kuziva nezvemhedzisiro yetekinoroji pa hutano hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa uye nharaunda.
Chimiro cheEuropean DigComp nenzvimbo dzacho
Kuti varonge basa iri, European Union yakagadzira Framework yeEuropean Digital Competence (DigComp)Iyi hurongwa inoshanda senzira yekutarisa marongero, mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa, ongororo, uye zvitupa muEurope yese. Inoratidza nzvimbo huru shanu dzinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwakasiyana makumi maviri nerimwe.
Nzvimbo huru yekutanga inotarisa pane ruzivo, ruzivo rwemashoko uye kugadzirisa dataZvinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwakadai sekuziva nzira yekutsvaga pawebhu, kusarudza masosi akavimbika, kuronga data uye kuongorora kana zvirimo zvakakosha, zvemazuva ano uye zvemhando yepamusoro, kudzivirira kubatwa nenhema kana ruzivo rwunotsausa.
Nzvimbo yechipiri ndeiya kutaurirana nekushandira pamwe munzvimbo dzedhijitariIzvi zvinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwakadai sekutaurirana zvinobudirira online, kugovana zviwanikwa, kushanda muzvikwata uchishandisa mapuratifomu epamhepo, kutora chikamu munharaunda dzedhijitari, uye kugadzirisa hunhu hwedhijitari uye zvatinosiya paindaneti.
Nzvimbo yechitatu inoreva kugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvedhijitariHazvisi zvekunyora zvinyorwa chete, asiwo nezvekugadzira nekugadzirisa mifananidzo, odhiyo, vhidhiyo, mharidzo, kana kunyange mapurogiramu ekombuta, kubatanidza nekushandurazve zvirimo zvekare uye kugara uchiremekedza kodzero dzekodzero dzekunyora nedzepfungwa.
Nzvimbo yechina ndeye SeguridadInosanganisira zvese kubva pakuchengetedza michina (antivirus, backups) uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemunhu uye kuzivikanwa kwedhijitari, kusvika pakudzivirira njodzi dzehutano (nguva yakaringana yekushandisa skrini) uye kusimudzira ruzivo nezvekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo uye kukanganisa kwekushandiswa kwetekinoroji.
Nzvimbo yechishanu uye yekupedzisira inotarisa pane kugadzirisa matambudziko kuburikidza nenzira dzedhijitariZvinosanganisira kuziva zvinodiwa, kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera, kugadzirisa matambudziko ehunyanzvi, kushandisa tekinoroji nenzira yehunyanzvi kusangana nematambudziko matsva, uye kugara uchivandudza hunyanzvi hwako hwedhijitari.
Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai seSpain, kugadziriswa kwehurongwa uhwu kwakagadzirwa, semuenzaniso mamodheru chaiwo evadzidzi veyunivhesiti kana veruzhinji, izvo zvinochengetedza chimiro chenzvimbo nehunyanzvi asi zvichichigadzirisa kuti chienderane nemamiriro ezvinhu emuno uye mazinga akasiyana ekushanda.
Matanho eunyanzvi uye mienzaniso inoshanda (CD1-CD5)
Kukura kwehunyanzvi hwedhijitari kunogona kunzwisiswa se progressive processKubva panzira dzekutanga kusvika pahunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye hwekuzvimiririra, nzira dzakawanda dzedzidzo dzinotsanangura mazinga ekuita anobatsira kutsanangura zvinokwanisa kuitwa nemunhu padanho rega rega.
Pakutanga kwekudzidza ruzivo, munhu inoita tsvakiridzo dziri nyore pa internet Vachishandisa mazwi akakosha, vanotanga kusiyanisa kuti ndeapi mhedzisiro yakakodzera. Vanogona kuronga zviri nyore ruzivo rwavanowana (semuenzaniso, nekuchengetedza malink kana magwaro mumaforodha) uye vanotanga kuva nemafungiro ekutsoropodza zvavanoverenga, kunyangwe vachitsigirwa uye vachitarisirwa.
Padanho repamusoro, munhu iyeye atove Inoshandisa zvinodiwa zvekushanda, mhando, mari, uye kuvimbika. Paunenge uchitsvaga ruzivo, sarudza masosi akavimbika, chengeta zvinyorwa uye ronga zvirimo kuti zvive nyore kuwana, uye ziva nzira yekuzvitaura kana kuzvitaura uchiremekedza pfuma yepfungwa.
Nezvekugadzira zvemukati, mumatanho ekutanga mushandisi Inogadzira uye inobatanidza zvemukati zvedhijitari mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana (zvinyorwa, matafura, mifananidzo, odhiyo kana vhidhiyo) uchishandisa zvishandiso zvinowanikwa nyore nyore, zvakaita sema word processors, presentation applications kana editors akareruka, neruzivo rwekutanga rwekodzero dzezvinyorwa zvakashandiswazve.
Kana munhu akakwira padanho, haangoburitse chete zviri mukati, asiwo vanogadzirisa nzvimbo yavo yekudzidza yedhijitariAnokwanisa kusarudza maturusi akakodzera basa rega rega, kugadzira mapuratifomu, kusanganisa zviwanikwa zvakasiyana uye kuchengetedza maitiro ekudzidza kwehupenyu hwese, achigadzira zvirimo zvakadzama uye zvakaoma.
Munyaya yekutaurirana, pakutanga mudzidzi kutora chikamu muzviitiko zvechikoro kana mapurojekiti kuburikidza nemapuratifomu edhijitari kudziviswa uye kutarisirwa, kushanda pamwe chete nevamwe vaunoshanda navo, kuchinjana ruzivo uye kuremekedza mitemo yekutanga yekuchengetedza uye kugara pamwe chete munzvimbo idzodzo.
Padanho repamusoro, munhu wacho atove inoshanda zvakanyanya pane network, vanogovana data nezviri mukati, vanoshandira pamwe mumapurojekiti edhijitari akavhurika, vanotarisira kuvapo kwavo paindaneti nemaune uye vanochengetedza mukurumbira wavo wedhijitari kuti vave vagari vane mutoro, vanotsoropodza uye vakazvipira.
Panyaya yekuchengetedzeka, danho rekutanga rinosanganisira ziva njodzi huru (mavhairasi, hutsotsi, kufumura ruzivo rwemunhu) uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira anotungamirirwa nevadzidzisi kana vamwe vanhu vanotarisirwa, vachitanga kushandisa tsika dzekushandisa tekinoroji zvakachengeteka, zvine hutano uye zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Muzvikamu zvinotevera, mushandisi anenge atove inoona njodzi dzayo yoga uye inotora matanho chaiwo ekudzivirira michina, ruzivo rwemunhu, hutano nenzvimbo, neruzivo rwakazara rwekukosha kwekushandiswa zviri pamutemo, zvakakosha uye zvine chekuita nezvakatipoteredza.
Chekupedzisira, munharaunda yekugadzirisa matambudziko, danho rekutanga rinoreva tanga kugadzira mhinduro dziri nyore dzedhijitarisemuenzaniso, kuburikidza nepurogiramu yeblock kana kuyedza marobhoti madiki edzidzo kana mitambo yekudzidzisa yevananguva dzose nerutsigiro uye kukumbira rubatsiro kana zvichidikanwa.
Padanho repamusoro, munhu wacho anokwanisa kugadzira mashandisirwo ari nyore uye mhinduro dzehunyanzvi hwekugadzira Vachizvifunga ivo pachavo, shandisaizve zvinhu zvetekinoroji kuti vawedzere hupenyu hwavo, varatidze kufarira kushanduka kwetekinoroji yedhijitari, uye vafungisise nezvekushandiswa kwazvo kwetsika uye kunogara kwenguva refu.
Kuzviongorora nekuzviongorora hunyanzvi hwedhijitari
Zvichienderana nekuti hunyanzvi hwedhijitari hwakakosha pakudzidza, kuwana mabasa, uye kutora chikamu munharaunda, zvakakosha vane nzira dzakanaka dzekuzviongororaHazvina kukwana kupa kudzidziswa: zvakakosha kuziva huwandu chaihwo hwevanhu kuitira kuvandudza nekutungamira mitemo yeruzhinji nezvirongwa zvekudzidzisa.
Parizvino pane zvakasiyana-siyana zve zvishandiso zvekuongorora uye zvirongwa padanho remunhu mumwe nemumwe muEurope. Zvizhinji zvezvirongwa izvi zvakatanga mumakore achangopfuura uye, kunyange zvazvo zvichipa mhinduro dzinonakidza, zvinoratidza kusiyana kwemaitiro uye hudzamu zvinoita kuti zviome kuenzanisa pakati pazvo.
Chikamu chikuru chezvishandiso izvi zvekuongorora chakavakirwa paDigComp framework uye chinoratidzwa muchimiro che kuzviongorora pamhepoMushandisi anopindura mibvunzo yaanotaura kuti zviri nyore sei kuti anotenda kuti anoita mamwe mabasa (semuenzaniso, kutumira maemail, kutora mafaira, kushandisa maturusi ekusvikira) kana kuti vanotevedzera kangani dzimwe tsika, dzakadai sekugadzirisa matambudziko ehunyanzvi nhanho nhanho.
Muenzaniso mumwe chete iDigCompSAT, iyo inotarisa pane maonero emunhu nezvehunyanzvi hwakeRuzivo nemaitiro. Chinangwa chayo hachisi chekupa mvumo yepamutemo yehunyanzvi hwedhijitari, asi kupa mufananidzo wekutanga unogona kushandiswa kufungisisa uye kuronga kudzidza.
Chimwe chishandiso chakakosha bvunzo ye "Edza hunyanzvi hwako hwedhijitari", iyo European Commission yakabatanidza muEuropass neDigital Skills and Jobs Platform. Bvunzo iyi inosanganisa mibvunzo yekuzviongorora ine mibvunzo ine mhinduro dzakawanda mibvunzo ine sarudzo dzakawanda, ine nguva shoma inoongorora pfungwa dzedhijitari dzakadai sekushandisa maturusi ekudzima akachengeteka kana kushanda kwekodhi yePUK.
Uyezve, mhando iyi yekuedza inowanzo kumbira ruzivo nezvekudzidziswa uye chinzvimbo chebasa yemunhu ari kupindura, kuti pakupedzisira vape mazano ekudzidza akagadzirirwa chimiro, zvichiratidza nhanho inofungidzirwa munzvimbo yega yega yeDigComp uye nzira dzekudzidzisa dzinogona kuitika.
Kuwanda kwezvishandiso, zvakawanda zvacho zvichikonzerwa ne mapurojekiti emunharaunda, edunhu kana eEuropeIzvi zvinoita kuti zvisave nyore kugadzira katarogu yakazara yezvose. Zvimwe zvinoenderana neDigComp, nepo zvimwe zvichitevedzera mamodheru azvo kana kuti asina kujeka, izvo zvinoda kududzira zvabuda zvacho nokungwarira.
Mubasa rehunyanzvi hweICT, kuzviongorora kwakajairika kwakaoma nekuti nzvimbo dzeruzivo dzakakura uye dzakanyanya hunyanzvi. Saka, maframework akadai se e-CF (EN16234-1) anoshandiswa, ayo anotsanangura hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwemaprofayiri eICTuye maturusi chaiwo akadai se e-CF Explorer, uko nyanzvi dzinogona kuongorora hunyanzvi hwavo hwemagetsi uye kuenzanisa nehunyanzvi hwavo hwemazuva ese muchikamu ichi.
Zviratidzo nedata pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwedhijitari muvanhu vakawanda
Kupfuura mwero wemunhu mumwe nemumwe, European Union inoda zviratidzo zvepasi rose kuyera kufambira mberi kwedhijitari kwenyika dziri nhengo dzayo uye kutungamira marongero. Apa ndipo pakatanga kushanda DESI yekare (Digital Economy and Society Index) uye, munguva pfupi yapfuura, hurongwa hweDigital Decade.
DESI yakarongwa kuita mabhuroko mana makuru: hunyanzvi hwevanhu, kubatana, kubatanidzwa kwetekinoroji uye mabasa eruzhinji edhijitariMunharaunda yevanhu, zvikamu zvakananga zvakabatanidzwa pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwedhijitari hwevagari uye pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwakabatana nenyanzvi dzeICT.
Kuti vawane hunyanzvi hwekutanga, EU inoshandisa ongororo dzehuwandu hwevanhu nguva nenguva, umo vanhu vanobvunzwa nezve kushandiswa kweinternet kakawanda uye nemamwe mabasa edhijitari mabasa akaitwa mumwedzi yapfuura, akadai sekutsvaga ruzivo, kutaurirana, kutenga online, kana kushandisa mapurogiramu kugadzira zvemukati.
Zvichibva pamhinduro idzi, huwandu hwevanhu vane hunyanzvi hwekutanga hwedhijitari, hwakakwirira kupfuura hunyanzvi hwekutanga, kana kusavapo zvachoseRuzivo rwunoratidza kuti huwandu hwevanhu vari pasi pemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu ekuberekwa hwakanyanya, kusanganisira Chizvarwa Zuye izvo zvinodzikira zviri pachena pakati pevaya vane makore anopfuura 65, vanhu vane dzidzo yakaderera, kana avo vari kunze kwemusika wevashandi.
Mishumo ichangoburwa inoratidza kuti avhareji yevanhu vekuEurope vane hunyanzvi hwekutanga iri pamusoro pe50%, uye chikamu chimwe muzvina chevanhu vanosvika padanho repamusoro. Zvisinei, musiyano wezvizvarwa, dzidzo, uye hupfumi uchiripo, zvichikonzera dambudziko guru kumitemo yeruzhinji.
Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwe Nyanzvi dzeICT, kuvapo kwevakadzi mumabasa ayahuwandu hwemakambani anopa kudzidziswa kwedhijitari kuvashandi vawo uye huwandu hwevakapedza kudzidza muminda ine chekuita netekinoroji yeruzivo. Mishumo yakawanda inoratidza kuti nhamba idzi dzakabatana nezvikamu zvinowanzo kuve pakati pe mabasa ane remangwana rakawanda.
Muchirevo chehurongwa hutsva hweMakore Gumi eDigital, EU yakaisa zvinangwa zvikuru: kuzadzisa izvozvo 80% yevanhu vakuru vanofanirwa kunge vaine hunyanzvi hwekutanga hwedhijitari uye kusvika kune nyanzvi dzeICT dzinosvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri dzinoshanda panosvika gore ra2030, kunyanya kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwevakadzi nevechidiki muchikamu ichi.
Chitupa chepamutemo chehunyanzvi hwedhijitari
Kuzviongorora kunobatsira pakusimudzira ruzivo uye kuronga kudzidziswa, asi kana zvasvika pa kuratidza hunyanzvi hwedhijitari kune vechitatu (makambani, hutungamiriri kana masangano edzidzo) chitupa chepamutemo, chisina kwachakarerekera uye chinosimbiswa chinodiwa.
Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti pane kureba pakati pemaonero evanhu pamusoro pehunyanzvi hwavo hwedhijitari nedanho ravo chairo pavanoedzwa. Vanowanzo fungidzira ruzivo rwavo rwakawandisa, nokudaro kukosha kwekuongorora kwakavakirwa pauchapupu kwete pane zvakataurwa chete.
Zvitupa zvinozivikanwa zvinowanzo simbisa hunhu hwemunyoreri, zvinova nechokwadi chekuti vanonyora bvunzo vasina rubatsiro rwekunze, uye zvinosanganisa mibvunzo yedzidziso ine mabasa anoshanda munzvimbo chaiyo yemakombiyuta. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kukumbira kuisa password pafaira, kudzosa gwaro rakadzimwa, kana kugadzira rugwaro nenzira chaiyo.
MuEurope, zvitupa zvakawanda zvehunyanzvi hwedhijitari zviripo pamwe chete, zvinopihwa ne masangano akazvimirira, masangano ehurumende nevagadziri vakuru vesoftwareMamwe ashandiswa zvakanyanya, nemamiriyoni ezvitupa zvakapihwa, zvakaita seICDL kana Microsoft MOS, kunyange hazvo chimwe nechimwe chichitevedzera muenzaniso wacho uye mwero wezvinodiwa.
Kusiyana uku kunoreva kuti, kusiyana nezvinoitika mumitauro neCEFR, hapana zita rakasiyana uye rinozivikanwa zvikuru yehunyanzvi hwedhijitari. Kuti kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu aya, European Commission yakakurudzira kugadzirwa kweEuropean Digital Competence Certificate (EDSC).
EDSC inoonekwa se sisitimu yekuziva inoenderana uye inopa kuoneka Chirongwa ichi ndechekuvandudza zvitupa zviripo nekushandisa "chisimbiso chemhando yepamusoro" chinovimbisa kuti bvunzo dzinosangana nezvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi, zvemaitiro, uye zvekutarisira. Zvidzidzo zvekubudirira uye kubvunzana kuri kuitwa kuti kuongororwe mamiriro akasiyana ekushandisa.
Munyaya dzehunyanzvi hwepamusoro nehunyanzvi hweICT, musika wacho wakasiyana-siyana. Kune mazana ezvitupa kubva kune vatengesi vakasiyana, kubva kune idzo dzakanangana netekinoroji chaiyo (Microsoft, Cisco, Oracle, nezvimwewo) kusvika kune idzo dzakaburitswa nemasangano akazvimiririra akatarisana nemaitiro kana nzira dzakanakisisa (ISACA, AXELOS nedzimwe).
Zvitupa izvi zvinogona kuda chero chinhu kubva pabvunzo dziri nyore kusvika bvunzo dzakaoma, maekisesaizi anoshanda, ongororo yenzira yebasa uye kunyange kubvunzurudzwa. Kazhinji, zvinoda kuvandudzwa nguva nenguva kuti chitupa chirambe chakavimbika, izvo zvinomanikidza kuti chigadziriswe nguva dzose.
Kune avo vasina kudzidziswa kwakakura muICT, rudzi urwu rwekubvumidzwa runogona kupihwa nzira inoenda kumusika wevashandi vane hunyanzvinepo kune vakapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti vanomiririra mubatsiri wekuratidza hunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakatarwa.
Muenzaniso wehunyanzvi hwedhijitari muSpain
MuSpain, a Muenzaniso weUnyanzvi hweDhijitari kune Vagari iyo inogadzirisa hurongwa hweEurope kuti huenderane nemamiriro ezvinhu aripo munyika, ichitsanangura nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi, kugona uye mazinga ekushanda akagadzirirwa vanhu vese.
Modhi iyi inowanikwa mukati me National Digital Skills Plan, inosanganisirwa muRongedzo yeKupora, Kuchinja uye Kutsungirira. Chimwe chezvinangwa zvayo ndechekusimbisa hunyanzvi hwedhijitari hwekuwana mabasa, kubatanidzwa pamwe nekukwikwidzana mune zvehupfumi, nemabasa chaiwo ekudzidzisa mapoka akasiyana.
Muenzaniso mumwe chete ndewemari inopihwa ku Masangano ehunyanzvi nemakanzuru makuru, inorongwa kuburikidza neUnión Professional. Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvinotora maawa angangoita 150 zvinopihwa, nemodule yakafanana inochinjika uye mabhuroko chaiwo akagadzirirwa basa rega rega, zvese zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza kugona kwevashandi kuti vashande mumamiriro edhijitari.
Maitiro emasangano akaita seUNED anoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanotora chikamu Dzidza nekumhanya kwako wega kuburikidza nekampasi yepamhepo, inowanikwa online maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva. Nzvimbo iyi inosanganisira nhungamiro dzekudzidzisa, maforamu, zvidzidzo zvevhidhiyo, zvinhu zvinogona kudhawunirodhwa, nzvimbo dzekutumira mabasa, uye maturusi ekuongorora nguva dzose.
Pamusoro pezvo, makosi anowanzo sanganisira zvemukati zvinodyidzana, mavhidhiyo, mabasa anoshanda uye makirasi makuru kuti tinyatsoongorora maturusi kana misoro chaiyo, zvese izvi tichibatsirwa nevadzidzisi vanotungamira kudzidza nekupindura mibvunzo.
Sepfungwa yekupedzisira, a chirongwa chekosi yekupedzisira umo mudzidzi anogadzira purojekiti inoshanda yakavakirwa pazvido zvake: kubva pagalari yepaindaneti kana muchitoro chemabhuku edhijitari kusvika pamushandirapamwe wekushambadzira wemuimbi, chiitiko chetsika chinotepfenyurwa kana webhusaiti yezvinyorwa zvetsika.
Kuti mapurojekiti aya agadziriswe, mukana wekuwana marezenisi ezvishandiso zvedhijitari (yemahara kana yakabhadharwa) inodiwa kuti ishandiswe, kuitira kuti vadzidzi vagone kuyedza mhinduro chaidzo uye vadzishandise mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekushandisa munzvimbo yavo yehunyanzvi.
Unyanzvi hwedhijitari hwekuwana mabasa nekuvandudza hunyanzvi
Munyika yemazuva ano yekushanda uye pamberi pe remangwana rebasaUnyanzvi hwedhijitari hwave zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana muchikamu chero chipi zvachoHazvichakanganisi avo vanoshanda mune zvetekinoroji chete: zvinotarisirwawo kubva kuhutungamiri, kutengeserana, hutano, dzidzo, tsika nedzimwe nzira dzakawanda.
Patinotaura nezvehunyanzvi hwekutanga hwedhijitari hwekutsvaga basa, tiri kureva kugona kushandisa maturusi edhijitari nemasevhisi zvinobudirira uye zvakachengeteka kubasa. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvishandiso zvekubata, maapplication ehofisi, mapuratifomu ekushandira pamwe, masisitimu ekutarisira data, uye nzira dzekutaurirana online.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosanganisira kuverenga digital (kutsvaga, kusefa, kuongorora nekugovana ruzivo), kushandiswa kwesoftware yakajairika (ma "word processors", maspredishiti, mharidzo), kugona kutaurirana nedhijitari (email, videoconferencing, makambani) uye manejimendi anoshanda emafaira nedata.
Zvakakoshawo kunzwisisa nheyo huru dzekuchengetedzwa kwepamhepo Kubasa: chengetedza ruzivo rwekambani, gadzirisa mapassword nemazvo, ziva kuedza kushandisa phishing, tevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza zvakavanzika, uye tevera nzira dzakachengeteka pakushandisa network nemidziyo.
Kune mamwe ma profiles ane hunyanzvi, zvinotevera zvinoshanda: hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwedhijitari hweICTUnyanzvi uhwu hunoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kugadzirisa matambudziko akaomarara, kutarisira mapurojekiti etekinoroji, kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, uye kutungamira maitiro ekushandura edhijitari. Izvi zvinosanganisira hunyanzvi hwakadai sekuongorora data, kuronga mapurogiramu, kugadzira ruzivo rwevashandisi, kuchengetedzeka kwepamusoro, njere dzekugadzira, uye manejimendi emapurojekiti edhijitari.
Rudzi urwu rwemakwikwi runoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwepfungwa dzetekinoroji uye kugona kuzvibatanidza mumhinduro dzinoshanda. Hazvina kukwana kuziva mashandisirwo ezvishandiso; unofanira kunzwisisa mashandiro azvo, hukama hwazvo, uye kuti zvinogona kuvandudzwa kana kugadziriswa sei kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvitsva.
MuSpain, vanopa dzidzo yepamusoro vanopa makosi akarongwa nenzvimbo dzeDigComp frameworkKubva pamatanho ekutanga ekufambisa ruzivo kune avo vanoda kusvika kumapurogiramu epamusoro evashandi vanoda kusimbisa ruzivo rwavo muminda yakaita sekuchengetedzwa kwemakombiyuta, kushambadzira kwedhijitari kana sainzi yedata.
Kuzviongorora uye maitiro ekuwana chitupa muSpain
Nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga yekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwedhijitari ndeyekuita kuzviongorora kwakarongekaKuburikidza nemibvunzo yepamhepo, munhu wacho anopindura mibvunzo pamusoro pezvaanoziva kuita, zvavanowanzoita, uye zvavanoona zvakaoma, zvakabatana nenzvimbo shanu dzeDigComp framework.
Mhedzisiro yemiedzo iyi inopa Mepu inofungidzirwa yedanho munzvimbo imwe neimweKuona simba nenzvimbo dzekuvandudza. Kubva ipapo, zvinangwa zvemunhu zvinogona kutsanangurwa: kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka, kuvandudza kugadzirwa kwezvinyorwa, kudzidza kushanda pamwe chete mugore, nezvimwewo.
Panguva imwe chete, masangano mazhinji nehutungamiriri zvinopa mukana we kubvumidza zviri pamutemo hunyanzvi hwedhijitariMaitiro akajairika anosanganisira kuona kuti rudzii rwechitupa rwunotsvagwa (rwakajairika, rwekudzidzisa, rwehunyanzvi), kugadzirira kuburikidza nemakosi kana kudzidza wega, uye kutora ongororo yepamutemo.
MuSpain kune masisitimu akasiyana ekubvumidzwa: tuCertiCyL muCastilla y León uye ComDix muGalicia mienzaniso yezvitupa zvevagari zvinoenderana neDigComp, nepo ACTIC muCatalonia ichishandisa modhi yayo isina kutsamira zvakananga pachimiro ichi, asiwo yakanangana nekubvumidza hunyanzvi hwedhijitari.
Muchikamu chedzidzo, nharaunda dzinozvitonga dzine zvishandiso zvakananga zvekusimbisa kugona kwekudzidzisa kwedhijitari, zvichibva paDigital Teaching Competence Framework, iyo inogadzirisa DigComp kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa nevadzidzisi.
Maitiro akajairika anowanzo sanganisira bvunzo dzedzidziso-dzinoshanda Papuratifomu inotariswa, vanonyorera basa vanofanira kuratidza kugona mabasa avanopihwa pasina rubatsiro rwekunze. Kupasa bvunzo muchitupa chinogona kuwedzerwa kuCV, kuendeswa kumabhodhi ebasa, kana kushandiswa pakukwidziridzwa kwemabasa mukati.
Panguva imwe chete, nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa dzakasarudzika dzinoita kuti pave nekuwanikwa makosi akagadzirirwa kugadzirira Zvitupa izvi zvinovandudzwa neshanduro dzichangoburwa dzeEuropean frameworks pamwe nezvinodiwa zvehurongwa hwega hwega hwekubvumidzwa.
Kana zvabatanidzwa, kusanganiswa kwekuzviongorora, nzira dzekudzidzisa, uye chitupa chepamutemo zvinobvumira kufambira mberi kubva pakushandisa tekinoroji nenzira inonzwisisika kuenda ku kugona, kwakasimba uye kunoonekwa yehunyanzvi hwedhijitari, chimwe chinhu chiri kuramba chichikosheswa mumusika wemabasa nemuhutongi hwehurumende.
Nhamba dzekuEurope neSpain dzinoratidza kuvandudzika kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi muhunyanzvi hwedhijitari, asi dzinoratidzawo kuti kuchine misiyano. misiyano yakakura zvichienderana nezera, dzidzo, mari inowanikwa uye nzvimboKuderedza kusawirirana uku, kuwedzera mukana wekudzidziswa, uye kupa zvitupa zvakavimbika kwave chinhu chakakosha kuitira kuti munhu wese akwanise kushandisa mikana iri munyika yedhijitari uye kuti asasiyirwe shure mukushandurwa kwetekinoroji kuri kutoitwa. Ndosaka zvichikosha kusimudzira zvirongwa zvakaita se dzidzo yevakuru yakanangana neavo vanoda rutsigiro rwakananga.