Iceland yakasimbisa kuvepo kweumhutu musango kekutanga mushure mekuziva makopi matatu munzvimbo yeKjós. Ichi chiitiko chebhayoroji kune nyika iyo, kusvika ikozvino, yaive imwe yenzvimbo shoma pasirese isina huwandu hwakagadzikana hwezvipembenene izvi, mamiriro ezvinhu akaonekwa nemasayendisiti mazhinji. nyaya yenguva.
Nyanzvi dzinonongedza kumubatanidzwa wezvinhu: a nharaunda iri kuwedzera kudzikama uye zvinogona kuitika netsaona mungarava, midziyo, kana ndege. Kuwana uku kunoenderana nemaitiro akaonekwa kuEurope-kusanganisira Spain-uko kune marudzi akati wandei ari kuwedzera huwandu hwawo nekuda kwemhedzisiro yemamiriro ekunze uye kufamba kwepasirese.
Kuwanikwa kusati kwamboitika muKjós
Chipembenene chinofarira Björn Hjaltason Musi wa16 Gumiguru, akaona chaiita senhunzi yainge yakasungirirwa patambo dzvuku dzakanyudzwa newaini dzaishandiswa kukwezva zvipfukuto. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, akatora vamwe vanhu vaviri munzvimbo imwe chete. Kjós, pedyo neReykjavik, uye yakatumira zvienzaniso kuNatural History Institute yeIceland kuti iongororwe.
Entomologist MatthÃas Alfredsson yakasimbisa kuti zvipembenene zvacho ndezverudzi Culiseta annulata uye vakatsanangura kuti vanozivikanwa vakadzi vaviri nemurume mumwe cheteUmhutu hwakawanikwa mundege fuselages dzichimhara munyika panguva dzakapfuura, asi kuvepo kwavo kunze kwanga kusati kwambopihwa certification, kana huwandu hwakakwana kuti hunzi serekodhi yenzvimbo.
Nzvimbo yekuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakatenderedza Kidafell (Kjós) inokwana nenzvimbo dzinogona kupa hupoteri hwakangwara. Kunyangwe kuchiri kumberi kutaura nezvehuwandu hwakagadzikana, iyo iri nyore kunyoresa Inotaridza pamberi uye shure munhoroondo yechisikigo yeIceland uye inovhura musuwo wekutarisa kwakarongeka.
The Natural History Institute inosimbisa kuti chakanyanya kukosha kuona kana ichi chiri chikamu chega kana kutanga kwe kukoroniNekuda kweizvi, vanokumbira veruzhinji kuti vataure zvitsva zvavakaona nemifananidzo uye, pazvinogoneka, zvienzaniso zvekuongorora.
Rudzi rwakagadzirirwa kutonhora: Culiseta annulata
Culiseta annulata Ihumhutu hukuru, huripo mune zvakawanda Europe uye kukwanisa kumira tembiricha yakaderera. Mukati memwedzi inotonhora, vakuru vavo vanogona kuvanda mudzimba—zvakadai semudzimba dzepasi, mumatanga, kana kuti matura—chirongwa chinowedzera mikana yavo yokurarama mumamiriro okunze akaoma.
Panyaya yemaitiro, avo vane mhosva ye kuruma —vanoda mapuroteni ekukura kwezai—ndiwo madzimai, nepo varume vachidya nekita. Iyo biology yezvipenyu, nekushivirira kwayo kutonhora uye kugona kutora mukana wepokugara, inoenderana nemamiriro angawanikwa mukati. Islanda kana chando chikaramba chichinyanya kunyorova.
Kugovera kwavo kunosanganisira matunhu akasiyana seBritish Isles uye kondinendi mamiriro ekunze. Iyi pateni inoratidza kuti, kana vakawana mamicrohabitat akakodzera, umhutu hunogona tsungirira pasinei nezvikamu zvakakomba zvechando.
Mamiriro ekunze anovhura musuwo
Iceland zviitiko a kukurumidza kudziya zvichienzaniswa nemakumi emakore apfuura, nematsutso akareba uye nguva refu yemvura yemvura mumadziva nemadziva. Chirevo ichi chinopa mamiriro akanaka kuti umhutu hupedze kutenderera kwadzo: nzvimbo dzinowanikwa dzekuradzika uye kupona kukuru kwe makonye uye vanhu vakuru.
Kupisa kwakanyanya kusingaite kwakanyorwa muna Chivabvu - nehunhu hunosvika 26,6 ºC kumabvazuva kwenyika-uye kuongororwa kwemamiriro ekunze kunoratidza kuti zviitiko zvekupisa zvakanyanya zvino zvanyanya kuitika pane mamiriro ekunze asina simba revanhu. Kumashure uku kunosimbisa fungidziro yekuti marudzi akati wandei anozoona zviri nyore gadzirisa pachitsuwa.
Zvino, vaongorori vanodzivirira kudzikisira: kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kufambisa kupona, asi kusvika kwekutanga kunogonawo kutsanangurwa ne kufamba kwenyika dzakawandaKufambiswa kwezvinhu, midziyo, uye ndege kunopa mikana yekuti zvipembenene zvifambe zvisingaonekwe uye, kana zvikaenderana nemamiriro ekunze akanaka, zvinobudirira.
Dambudziko resayenzi riripo nderekuyera chaizvo kuti mamiriro okunze, ari oga, angabvumira kusvika papi Culiseta annulata kukunda chando cheIcelandic, uye basa ripi rinoita microshelters yakagadzirwa nemabasa evanhu.
Europe neSpain: zviratidzo zvinokoka kusvinura
Chiitiko chacho hachiitike muvacuum. Mu United Kingdom mazai achangobva kuonekwa Aedes aegypti uye kuvapo kwe Aedes albopictus kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEngland, apo mu España Umhutu wetiger wakapararira nekukasira uye wakatonyorwa mumanisipala anopfuura chiuru. Uyezve, kutenderera kwe Sindbis virus muumhutu kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika.
Kunyange zvakadaro Culiseta annulata haisi vector yakakodzera yezvirwere zvevanhu, kuwedzera kweumhutu muEurope kunosimbisa kukosha kwekusimbisa entomological kuongorora, kunatsiridza zviziviso zvevagari uye kudzora nzvimbo dzekuberekesa dzakadai semagaba ane mvura isingayerere mumaguta nenzvimbo dziri pedyo neguta.
Vakasvika sei uye zvino zvichaitwa sei
Alfreðsson nechikwata chake vanofunga nzira dzinoverengeka dzekupinda: zvikepe nemidziyo ichibva kuchiteshi chezvikepe padhuze nenzvimbo yekuwanikwa kana kutakurwa nendege, nzira dzakaonekwa nevanhu vemamwe marudzi munguva yakapfuura kuIcelandic airport. Musiyano zvino ndewekuti zvienzaniso zvitatu zvakawanikwa kunze.
The Institute of Natural History inoronga chirongwa che kutevera kusimbisa kana zvinyorwa zvinodzokororwa nekufamba kwenguva nenzvimbo. Kana zvitsva zvikaitika, masayendisiti anozokwanisa kufungidzira kana kubereka kwenzvimbo kuri kuitika, kuona nzvimbo dzinonyanya kutsva, uye kuongorora matanho akakodzera ekutarisira.
Kuwanikwa kweumhutu hutatu uhwu hakuite sechingori chiitiko: kunoratidza kusanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze akanyorova, nzvimbo dzine hunyoro Uye kufamba kwepasi rose kunogona kuchinja miganhu yebiogeographic yaimboita seyakasimba. KuIceland, iyo yanga ichigara isina ruzha, nguva yekunyatsotarisisa uye nekugovana kudzidza kubva kuchiitiko cheEurope inotanga.
