Sustainability sebhizinesi: modhi, mienzaniso uye maitiro ekutanga

Mukati mesimba uye shanduko yedhijitari, kushandura kusimba kuita mutyairi webhizinesi haisisiri sarudzo yakanaka, chinhu chinodiwa chemakwikwi. Makambani anobatanidza maitiro ezvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro, uye ekutonga mune yavo zano vanowana mukubudirira, mukurumbira, uye kuwana mari.Uye ivo zvakare vanoderedza kudzora uye kushanda njodzi. Uye hongu, ivo zvakare vanotengesa zvakanyanya uye zvirinani.

Shanduko iri pachena: kubva pakugadzira, kushandisa nekurasa tatamira ku a denderedzwa kusvikainosanganisirwa uye ine chiono chenguva refu. Avo vanotadza kuchinjika vachasangana nemitengo yakananga semitero yekuburitsa, zvirambidzo zvemitemo, uye kurasikirwa kwemugove wemusika.Avo vanofamba nekufamba kwenguva, kune rumwe rutivi, vanobata maitiro akadai sehupfumi hwedenderedzwa, kufamba kwakasimba, simba rinogoneka, kana basa riri kure, pakati pezvimwe zvakawanda.

Mamodheru ebhizinesi akagadzikana ari kuwedzera

Nzira dzinotevera dziri kuratidza kutengesa kwekutengesa uye scalability. Dzakawanda dzatove dzakakurumbira, uye dzimwe dziri kukura nokukurumidza., inotsigirwa nehurongwa hwakadai se2030 Agenda uye European indasitiri mitemo.

Kugoverana kufamba

Zviitiko zvemudhorobha, kutsvikinyidzana, uye zvibodzwa zvemamiriro ekunze zviri kufambisa kukura kwemapuratifomu ekugovanisa mota, ngarava dzekurenda, uye mabasa anodiwa. Carsharing inogona kutsiva akati wandei akavanzika mota, inoderedza emissions, uye optimize zviwanikwa.VTC-mhando vanoshanda uye itsva multimodal proposals Vanopedzisa mufananidzo.

VMP kana micromobility

Electric scooters, mabhasikoro uye midhudhudhu yakareruka inopa kukurumidza uye kwakachena kufamba kwemadhorobha. Kudiwa kwemascooters kwakura nezvikamu zvinopfuura zana nemakumi mana kubva muzana uye kudiwa kwemabhasikoro kwakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura.Kusvika padanho rekuti DGT (Spanish Directorate General of Traffic) yakasimbisa mirau yayo. Kune nzvimbo dzemumaguta nemataundi, ivo inzira chaiyo kune mota.

Green finance

Zviwanikwa zvinoiswa kumapurojekiti ane mabhenefiti anoyerwa kwezvakatipoteredza: kugadzirisa simba, zvinogonekazve, kufamba kwakachena kana kuvaka kwakasimba. Huwandu hwekutengesa kwakasimba muSpain hwawedzera mumakore achangopfuurakuvhura mikana yevanopa mazano, mavambo uye vatungamiri vane ruzivo.

Kutengeserana kwakanaka uye kushandiswa zvine mutoro

Kupfuura chisimbiso chetsika, maketani ekukosha anobatanidza maitiro emagariro uye ezvakatipoteredza panzvimbo yacho. Micheka uye kugoverwa kwechikafu zvinosanganisira mwero wehutongi hwemagariro uye traceabilityKubatana nevatengi vanoisa pamberi pemhedzisiro, pachena, uye kuva pedyo.

Fashoni yakagadzikana uye hupenyu hwechipiri

Faibha dzechisikigo, zvinhu zvakaderera-zvinokanganisa, kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo uye mamiriro ekushanda akanaka anoisa mwero. Mafashoni edenderedzwaKurojesa mbatya nekutengesa patsva kuri kuita zvakajairika. uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvemachira.

Upcycling uye kugadzira nezvinhu zvakadzokororwa

Kuongorora marara kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yakaenzana kana yakakura chatova chirango chine nhoroondo refu. Mbatya dzinoshandiswazvebepa, mapurasitiki kana zvikamu zveindasitiri kuvapa hupenyu hwechipiri, nekutsigirwa kwehutungamiri hunoisa mberi hupfumi hwedenderedzwa.

Simba rakagovaniswa

Nharaunda dzezuva, kuchengetedzwa kwakagoverwa uye magidhi akangwara anobvumira kuchinjana kwesimba rakawanda pakati pevanhu. Mamodheru ekugovanisa magetsi ari kutoedzwa muEurope uye vanodzikisira bhiri, vanowedzera kuzviriritira uye nekumhanyisa shanduko inogona kudzokororwa.

Foodtech

Kubva kumunda kuenda kundiro, tekinoroji iri kushandura iyo yese agri-chikafu cheni: mamwe mapuroteni, chaiyo yekurima, mapuratifomu ekurwisa tsvina, uye zvitsva zvinongedzo. Investment uye kufarira kwemusika kunoramba kuchikura. nekuda kwekuita kwayo pane hutano, traceability uye mamiriro ekunze.

Teleworking uye zvishandiso zvebasa kure

Iko kusanganiswa kwe-mu-munhu uye kure kure basa kwave kusimbiswa, nekubatsirwa kwezvakatipoteredza nekuda kwekufamba kushoma. Collaborative softwarecybersecurity, zvishandiso uye dijitari zvakanaka masevhisi Ivo vane mukana sezvo makambani anokwenenzvera basa ravo musanganiswa.

Kurenda uye kubhadhara-per-use

Kuhaya mota, muchina, fenicha kana fashoni. Iyo pfuma inopa nzira yekuchinjika kwekushandisa., nemitengo yakaderera yekuchengetedza uye kushandiswa kukuru kwezvinhu zvisingashandiswi.

Frameworks uye regulatory pressure

To order the nzira Zvinokurudzirwa kuvimba nemitemo inogamuchirwa nevakawanda. Iyo 2030 Agenda uye yayo gumi nematanhatu SDGs inopa yakajeka kambasi kuenzanisa zvinangwa zvebhizinesi nezvakabatana zvakakosha pasi rose.

Uyezve, ESG kana ASG maitiro, pamwe neEuropean ESRS zviyero, zvakabatanidzwa mukati meiyo hurongwa hwekuenderera mberi kwekambani kushuma. Mitemo yakaita seCSRD uye CSDDD iri kusimudza bara rekuteedzerakubva pakubuda pachena kusvika pakushingaira muchikamu chekugovera.

Iyo regulatory wave yatove pano. Kuita nekukurumidza kunodzivirira zvirango, kunofambisa kuwanikwa kwemusika, uye kunomhanyisa kupinda mumatenda eruzhinji.Iyo nguva yekuita hunyanzvi kusimudzira yasvika munzvimbo dzese, kubva kumari kusvika pakutenga, kusanganisira vanhu uye mashandiro.

Sekusimbiswa nemabhizinesi network akabatana neUnited Nations, yave nguva yekutsika gasi: Masangano atinoshuvira kuve anoda kubatanidza kusimba, nemazita uye nesurname, mumoyo webhizinesi..

Maitiro ekutanga: matanho ehurongwa ekubatanidza kusimba

Iyo nzira yemugwagwa inogona kusiyana nechikamu uye saizi, asi pane mashanu akajairika sarudzo. Sarudza kurongeka zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yako yekutanga uye zviwanikwa.

1. Dzidza nezvemafuremu uye dzidziswaMakosi eSDGs, kuenzana, zvinangwa zvesainzi-zvakavakirwa, kana kuzivisa kunomhanyisa curve yekudzidza uye kurongedza zvikwata.
2. Ongorora zvaunoita chaizvoMaturusi ekuongorora munzvimbo dzakakosha anobatsira kuona mapundu nemikana, kubva kuenzana kusvika kune kabhoni tsoka.
3. Tsanangura zvinangwa zvinoyerwaZvakananga, zvibodzwa zvakasungwa nenguva zvakaenderana neSDGs uye sainzi ndiyo glue inobatanidza chinangwa nekuuraya.
4. Inomisikidza levers mukati mekushandaKuderedza emission, kutenga zvine mutoro, kusiyana-siyana uye kubatanidzwa, kurwisa huwori hutongi, ecodesign uye kutenderera mune zvigadzirwa nemasevhisi.
5. Yera uye shuma mafambiroSustainability mishumo uye data inoongororwa inovaka kuvimba uye inovandudza mashandiro anoenderera mberi.

Mabhenefiti ebhizinesi anobatika

Kunze kwetapuro yakanaka papasi uye nzanga, kune kudzoka kwakananga kwepasi pasi. Makambani anobatanidza kusimudzira anowana mhedzisiro yehupfumi iri nani paavhareji.pamwe nekusimbisa kusimba kwavo.

• Regulatory kutevedza uye mukanaKugara pamberi pemitemo yeEurope kunovhura magonhi uye kunodzivirira mutengo wemangwana.
• Kukwikwidza mukana uye kuwana musikaVatengi nemasangano ehurumende vanoisa pamberi pemhinduro dzine mutoro.
• Kuwana mari pane zviri naniVagadziri vemari vanosanganisa ESG maitiro; capital mibayiro mapurojekiti ane measurable impact.
• Mukurumbira nechiratidzo chemhandoKuvimba kukuru, kuvimbika, uye kuda kubva kune vatengi, vashandi, uye vanobatana.
• Talent uye tsikaKukwezva nekuchengetedza nyanzvi kunova nyore kana paine chinangwa, hutano, uye basa-hupenyu hwepakati.
• Innovation uye kunyatsoshandaSimba rakaderera uye mutengo wekushandisa, zvigadzirwa zvakawanda uye masevhisi anoenderana nezvinodiwa zvitsva.

Mazano akasimba nechikamu: kubva murabhoritari kuenda kumusika

Kana iwe uchitsvaga kurudziro, iyi mitsara yebhizinesi inoratidza yakaratidza kugona. Aya ndiwo nharaunda umo kutanga, maSME uye makambani makuru anogarisana.

Foodtech

• Alternative mapuroteni uye zvitsva zvinoshandiswa.
• Vertical uye nemazvo zvekurima zvemudhorobha zvine data nehungwaru.
• Zvikumbiro zvekudzikisa marara ekudya.
• Software for pest management uye traceability.

Iko kusanganiswa kwekuchengetedza chikafu, kushanda nesimba uye diki tsoka inovhura misika yepasirese. Kuisa mari muinnovation mukati meiyo value chain kwakakosha.

Green finance

• Crowdfunding yezvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro mapurojekiti.
• Kuburitswa uye kuumbwa kwegirinhi zvisungo.
• Ethical banking uye kukanganisa microfinance masevhisi.

Specialised intermediation, verification, uye tekinoroji kuraira kuri kuwedzera kudiwa. Data transparency ndiyo inosiyanisa asset.

Kurenda uye kubhadhara-per-use

• Kuhaya zvipfeko uye fashoni yedenderedzwa.
• Furniture nekushongedza kwezviitiko zvine denderedzwa redunhu.
• Motokari dzemagetsi uye micromobility.

Yakawanda inodzokororwa mari, kushomeka kusashanda, uye kuvimbika kukuru kwevatengi. Dhizaini yekushandisa zvakare uye kugadzirisa iri pamwoyo weiyo modhi.

Simba rinowedzerwazve uye kuzvishandisa pachako

• Kuiswa uye manejimendi ezuva, mhepo kana geothermal simba.
• Zvirongwa zvekuzvishandisa uye nharaunda dzesimba.
• Kuvandudzwa kwehungwaru yekuchengetedza uye kutonga matekinoroji.

Decarbonization inobatanidza hunyanzvi, zvemari, uye magariro mhinduro. Mienzaniso yekubatana uye yevavakidzani iri kutanga.

Circular economy and waste management

• Advanced recycling nezvinhu zvitsva zvechipiri.
• Modular dhizaini uye demountable zvivakwa.
• Hupenyu hwechipiri hwemagetsi kuburikidza nekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa.

Dhata, reverse logistics, uye kudyidzana kwenzvimbo zvinosiyanisa. Iyo mirau inosimudzira kutenderera kwese kugovera cheni.

Green tourism

• Ecotourism, nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasimba uye dzinenge zero-simba masangano.
• Low-emission mobility pakuenda.

Kudiwa kwezviitiko zvinotarisirwa kuri kuwedzera pakati pevafambi vanonzwisisa. Mvura uye simba rekushandisa zvinoderedza mari uye kubudiswa..

Circular economy in action: 10 mikana ine mienzaniso

Aya matanho anoratidza maitiro ekuvandudza zvine chekuita uye bhizinesi. Ivo vanosanganisa kusika, tekinoroji, uye mhando dzekubatana.

1. Kuchinjana kwezvokudya zvakasaraZvishandiso zvinobatanidza maresitorendi, masupamaketi, uye dzimba nevashandisi kana masangano emagariro. Too Good To Go yakaratidza izvi pasi rose, paine mukana wemhinduro dzemuno.
2. Valorization yemarara ekuvakaKuunganidza, kuronga, nekushandura marara kuita zvinhu zvitsva. Miti yakawanda inoshanda muSpain, ichitevera tsoka dzemapiyona mune mamwe misika.
3. Fashoni yakagadzirwa nemarara emugungwaMbatya neshangu zvakaitwa nemapurasitiki nemambure zvakawanikwa kubva mugungwa. Zvigadzirwa zvakaita seEcoalf kana mitsara yechigadzirwa senge Dolfie's sneakers yakagadzirwa neMedithera plastiki inoratidza kushanda kwayo.
4. Biofabrication yezvinhuBioplastics, machira, kana kurongedza akagadzirwa kubva mukurima byproducts kana mycelium. MycoWorks iri kutsvagisa zvinhu zvakaita sematehwe zvakabva kufungi; muSpain, Plastyagro iri kugadzira mapurasitiki anogona kuparara uye anogona compostable.
5. Tekinoroji kuchengetedza uye kugadzirisaKuwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo kuburikidza nekuvandudza uye waranti. Mapuratifomu akaita seRenewd uye Back Market anomira pachena nezvezvipo zvavo mumusika weIberia.
6. Fetereza kubva kune organic tsvinaComposting uye anaerobic digestion kugadzira mafetiraiza chaiwo. TerraCycle inotyaira mhinduro kune yakaoma kudzokorodza; zvirongwa zvenyika zvakaita seGestCompost inokwidza kugadzirwa.
7. Luxury product rentalMafashoni emhando yepamusoro uye zvishongedzo zvenguva pfupi. Rent iyo Runway yakasimudzira modhi, uye muSpain, sarudzo dzakaita seBorow dzinopa kuendesa kumba.
8. Kugadzirisa kwakabatanaMasangano emunharaunda uye zviitiko apo vanozvipira vanobatsira kugadzirisa zvinhu. Kugadzirisa Cafes ari kuwedzera mumaguta eSpanish, uye mapuratifomu akaita seAlargascencia mepu kugadzirisa uye nzvimbo dzekuchinjana.
9. Biofuels kubva mumaindasitiri tsvinaShanduko yemafuta akashandiswa uye ne-zvigadzirwa kuita mafuta akasimba. Bio-Mafuta muHuelva iri kushandura chirimwa chayo kuti ishandise zvakasara zvigadzirwa uye kuongorora zvitsva zvakaita sealgae.
10. Mahofisi edenderedzwaFenicha yakadzokororwa, WEEE manejimendi, uye zvirongwa zvemukati zvekudzokorodza. Vagadziri vakaita seActiu vanobatanidza zvinhu zvakashandiswa zvakare uye maitiro akaderera-maitiro.

Social bhizinesi modhi: purofiti ine chinangwa

Mamiriro ezvemagariro anokoshesa kukosha kwemagariro kana kwezvakatipoteredza uye anotsigirwa nemari yaanowana. Iko kusanganiswa kweyakavanzika agility uye ine simba mishoni inoita kuti ive yakasimba uye iwedzere..

Main typology

• Mabhizinesi anosanganisiraVanobatanidza nharaunda dzinotambura sevagadziri, vaparidzi, kana vatengi. Muenzaniso wemuenzanisiro: mubatanidzwa wezvekudya muBangladesh unoshandisa vakadzi veko kuti vagovera yoga yoga.
• Makambani eHybridVanotengesa zvigadzirwa uye mari yemagariro. Iyo imwe-ye-imwe modhi inofarirwa neTOMS yakavabvumira kupa mamirioni ezvinhu zvakakosha.
• MibatanidzwaInove yenhengo dzayo, inotungamirirwa nedemocracy, uye yakadzoreredzwa munharaunda, iyo Mondragón cooperative corporation chiratidzo chepasirese.
• Zvemamiriro ekunzeMhinduro dzinogadzirisa matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza. Ecofiltro muGuatemala inogovera mafirita emvura anodhura, kuvandudza hutano uye kuderedza marara epurasitiki.

Makiyi ekugadzira

• Chinangwa chishomaChikonzero chakajeka chinotungamira sarudzo uye chinodzivirira kupararira.
• Robust mari modhiMari inodzokororwa uye kushanda zvakanaka kunoita kuti irambe ichiita.
• Kugadzira pamwe nenharaundaKugadzira ne, kwete chete, kunowedzera kubudirira uye kusatya.
• Impact kuyerwaZvemagariro uye zvakatipoteredza zviratidzo, SROI uye dzidziso yekuchinja kuongorora uye kutaurirana kukosha.
• Strategic mubatanidzwaBhizinesi, manejimendi uye maNGOs kuyera systemic shanduko.

Iko kusimba kwemari yemuenzaniso: kubva padzidziso kuenda kumari inoyerera

Kuvaka bhizinesi rakasimba kunorevawo kuita kuti nhamba dzishande. Bhokisi ndiro okisijeni inobvumira chinangwa kuchengetedzwa.Uye kukura kunoda chirango chemari.

• Differentiated value propositionGadzirisa matambudziko nemagadzirirwo matsva uye akasarudzika.
• hukama hwevatengi kwenguva refuKuchengetwa kwevatengi kune pundutso pane kutora; kushandura vatengi kuva vanosimudzira kunoderedza CAC.
• Inoshanda modhi yekushandisaMari inobhadhara mari uye kudyidzana kukurumidzira nguva yemusika.
• KukwanisikaTekinoroji, otomatiki uye maitiro ekukura pasina skyrocketing kushandisa.
• KuzvishanduraVerenga maitiro, zvigadzirwa zvinodzokororwa, uye chengetedza kugona kwemakwikwi.
• Tsika netarendaZvikwata zvine simba, zvimiro zvakajeka, uye hutungamiriri hune chinangwa.
• Prudent treasury managementMari inoyerera hutano, pachena uye yakanaka unit hupfumi kukwezva chikwereti uye ine chekuita nekudyara.

Mhosva inoenzanisira ndeyekambani yeSpanish fintech iyo yakabatanidza verticalization yechigadzirwa muzvikamu zvakaita sedzidzo kana optics, kukwikwidzana pamutengo panzvimbo pemutengo cheteKuzvipira kwavo kugadzirisa mhinduro dzeB2B, hungwaru hwemari, uye kuita sarudzo kwakareruka kwavaita kuti vasvetuke mukuwedzera kune dzimwe nyika, pakutanga vasingavimbi neveventure capital uye kuisa pamberi pemiganhu ine hutano.

Iwo matatu zviyero zvekusimba uye maSDGs mubhizinesi

Kusagadzikana kweCorporate kunobva pane matatu asingaparadzanise vectors: nharaunda, nzanga uye hupfumi. Mhoteredzo ine hutano inotsigira nzanga yakabudirira, iyo inogonesa hupfumi hwakasimba., uye zvinopesana.

Environmental

Kunzwisisa zvinokonzeresa uye mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuyera tsoka, uye activate kuderedza uye kugadzirisa levers. Kubva kusimba uye zvinhu kusvika kune Logistics uye ecodesignZvose zvinowedzera kana kuderedza.

Social

Kubatanidzwa, kusiyana-siyana, kuenzana, kodzero dzevanhu uye kutsigirwa kwemapoka ane njodzi dzakananga. Mabhizinesi anobudirira zvakanyanya munharaunda dzakachena uye dzakagadzikanauye basa ravo rinogona kubatsira pazviri.

Mari

Kukura, kusikwa kwehupfumi, uye mitemo yakajeka yemusika inobvumira kuwanda kwemhedzisiro. Kubudirira uye kukwikwidza zvine mutoro kunosimudza bara kune wese munhu.

Kuisa zvese izvi mugwara, heano mapoinzi mana akakosha: kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekusimudziraKuziva kweiyo SDGs inoenderana nebasa rako, zvinoyerwa zvinangwa nekutevera uye Strategic mibatanidzwa. Zviito zvekongiri: gadzirisa iyo bhizinesi modhi, ipe chinangwa, shanda neketani yakakosha, kupesvedzera vatengesi nevatengi uye kukurudzira kubuda pachena.

Maitiro akanaka anokurudzira

MuSpain, mapurojekiti akaita seServeo anoratidza vanhu vari vamiriri vezvakasiyana uye kubatanidzwa mumapazi avo kusimudzira hutongi hune hunyanzvi uye kuhaya mapoka akasiyana. Chinangwa ndechekuwedzera kushandiswa kwevanhu vari panjodzi yekusabatanidzwa uye kubatanidza tsika inosanganisirwa..

RTVE2030 inoshandisa hungwaru hwekugadzira kuyera kuti ndeipi nzvimbo yenhau yakatsaurirwa kumisoro inowirirana neiyo gumi nematanhatu SDGs muzvirongwa zvakawanda. Chishandiso chekuzvidavirira nekuvandudza zvemukati mesevhisi.

Digital Earth Solutions, inozivikanwa nekupa kwayo kuhupenyu hwepasi pemvura, inopa modhi yegungwa inofanotaura mumaminitsi mashoma kushanduka kwekuteuka uye zvinhu zvinokukurwa. Mune emergency, kumhanya ikoko kunobatsira kuve nekukuvadza uye kuronga zviwanikwa.

Serawa Hotels inoisa kusimba pamwoyo wechikumbiro chayo, nehurongwa hunotsigirwa nehupfumi uye nhaurirano nevatori vechikamu kuti vafambire mberi mumvura, basa rakanaka, chiito chemamiriro ekunze uye kuchengetedzwa kweMediterranean. Mutengi ruzivo uye katatu pasi mutsara unofambidzana.

Musika weIT uri kutungamira kugadziridzwa kwetekinoroji ine inoenderera uye SDG yenzvimbo komiti kuti igadzire zvakatipoteredza, zvemagariro uye zvehupfumi. Kujeka uye kutenderera kunopesana nemarara uye kupera kwekutanga.

Kune zvakare mabhenji epasi rose. Disney ine mitsara yebasa mune net-zero emissions, mvura nemakungwa, marara, yakaderera-inokanganisa zvigadzirwa, uye kuvaka kwakasimba; Tsvina yadzo inopedzisira yava mucompost inodzosera kudya kuvhu.HP inoshuma zvine hukasha kutsika kwayo, inoderedza zvinhu zvine muchetura, uye inoderedza nzvimbo dzedata uku ichisimudzira zvinogoneka uye basa riri kure. Nike inosundira cheni yayo yekugovera kuti itore marongero ane mutoro, inoshandisa zvinhu zvakadzokororwa uye simba rakachena, uye inosimudzira kushandisazve zvirongwa. eBay inowedzera hupenyu hwezvinhu uye Iyo yakazvipira kune zana muzana renewable simba munzvimbo dzedata uye mahofisiStarbucks inovimbisa zvitupa zvezvakatipoteredza muzvitoro zvayo, inodyara mukudzoreredza masango ekofi, uye inoderedza kushandiswa kwemvura nesimba.

Kuziva kwevanhu munharaunda kunoratidzwawo muzviitiko zvakadai seWorld Environment Day yose yaJune 5th, iyo inokurudzira kufungisisa nekuita. Kudzidzisa uye hunyanzvi manejimendi ndiyo nzira yekushandura kuziva ikoko kuita chiito, kubva kumapurogiramu epamusoro kusvika kune chaiyo kudzidziswa muSDGs, kuenzana kana kushuma.

Zvese zvinonongedza kune mamiriro apo kusimba uye bhizinesi zvinodyidzana: kugona kukuru, hutsva hwakawanda, mukurumbira uri nani uye kuwana mariNevatengi uye matarenda anosarudza makambani anowirirana, mutengo wekusaita uri kukwira kumusoro; saka, kuronga kosi yakajeka nezvinangwa zvinoyerwa uye kudyidzana ndiyo yakanakisa inishuwarenzi yeramangwana.