Kuchengeteka kwenzvimbo ine materu kunotanga nekunzwisisa kuti ndedzipi mhinduro dziripo pakudzora gomo. Muchikamu chekugara, the slope solutions kudzimba Vanoita mutsauko pakati pebindu rakagadzikana uye mutsetse uyo, nemvura kana kudengenyeka, zvinogona kukanganisa imba, kuwana kana masevhisi.
Mugwaro rino iwe unowana yakazara uye inoshanda ongororo yezvinoita uye inongoita nzira, dhiraivha, geosynthetics senge geocells, uye kunyangwe yepasirese nyaya yekudzidza ine manhamba nemhedzisiro. Zvese izvi zvinoenderana neakanakisa maitiro mu civil uye geotechnical engineering, nekusimbisa kwakakosha pa preliminary geotechnical analysis uye mukugadzirisa mhinduro kumateru, rudzi rwevhu, mvura yepasi uye mitoro inotsigirwa nemateru.
Chii chinonzi materu uye nei zvakakosha kudzikamisa munzvimbo dzinogara vanhu?
Kutenuka ndiko, kutaura zvazviri, a nzvimbo yakarerekera maererano neyakachinjikaMateru anogona kunge ari echisikigo (zvikomo, mawere, mipata) kana artificial (kuchera macheka, embankments). Munharaunda yeimba, materu anoonekwa pakugadzira nzvimbo dzakati sandara dzenheyo, magaraji, madziva ekutuhwina, kana nzira dzekufamba, uye zvinoda matanho ekudzivirira kukoromoka kwevhu, kukoromoka kwematombo, nekukukurwa kwevhu.
Kana mutsetse usina kunyatsogadzirwa, njodzi ye kukoromoka kwevhuRockfalls kana tsvina inoyerera inogona kukanganisa madziro, nzira dzepachivande, uye zvivakwa. Kunaya kwemvura zhinji, kuita kwekudengenyeka kwenyika, kutemwa kwemasango, kana kuwandisa panzvimbo kunowedzera mukana wekusagadzikana, zvichiita kiyi yekudzivirira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine materu kana ivhu rinonzwa nekuzara.
Zvinhu zvemutsetse zvine basa (zvakawanda)
Usati wasarudza mhinduro, zviri nani kutaura mutauro wakafanana nepurojekiti. altura nhambwe yakatwasuka pakati pechigunwe nepamusoro pemateru; the pai Iko kungoerekana kushanduka kwemateru kuzasi; the musoro kana mavanga ndiyo nzvimbo yakakwirira; uye tafura yemvura Rondedzera mwero wemvura yepasi maererano nehwaro. mhete Inoratidza mwero wepfungwa. Kuziva zvinhu izvi kunobvumira kuyera uye kuratidza kugadzikana nekutonga kwakanaka.
Zvakakoshawo kusiyanisa marudzi: materu natural Ivo vanowana kubva mukukukurwa kana kuunganidza (materu, mawere), nepo iwo chakagadzirwa Aya ndiwo anogadzirwa nekuita kwevanhu (kucherwa kwekucheka, kuzadza embankments). Musiyano uyu unosarudza nzira yekuisa, mutsara, uye kuabvisa.
Active nzira: simbisa kuitira kuti irege kufamba
Active nzira dzinoita zvakananga pane terrain kana ganda rako kuti kuwedzera simba uye batanidza strata yakasimba nepamusoro pezvikamu. Pakati pezvinonyanya kushandiswa sarudzo mudzimba nemigwagwa yekupinda zvibatiso, zvipikiri, uye mesh.
ari zvimiso nezvipikiri pasi Vanodhiriwa uye vanoiswa jekiseni mukati medombo guru kusimbisa kutsetseka uye kutamisa kushushikana kune zvakanyanya kugona strata. Mukubatana ne shotcrete kana kongiri yakapfapfaidzwa, ivo vanobvumira kudzikamiswa kweakatwasuka kana akatenuka akachekwa akachekwa ane kushomeka kwepamusoro pekuita.
ari mambure ekudzivirira Static kana dynamic zvipingamupinyi uye anchored simbi maketeni anodzora kuvharika kwemabhuraki uye yakasununguka zvinhu. Mishonga iyi inowanikwa pamateru ari pedyo nemigwagwa kana pamusoro penzvimbo, uko kudzivirira kudonha kuri pamberi.
- Nails uye pasi anchors: kusimbiswa kwemukati, kuvandudzwa kwekugadzikana kwepasi rose uye kwenzvimbo.
- Anchored metal mesh nets uye maketeni: kuchengetwa kwezvinhu zvepamusoro uye kutonga kwenjodzi yekudonha kwematombo.
Passive nzira: kubata izvo zvingaite zvakasununguka
Kana chiito pasi chikasashanda kana kugoneka, mhinduro dzinouya izvo takura kana kutsausa zvinhu kana kufamba kukaitika. Mudzimba, madziro nezvipingamupinyi ndizvo zvakakosha.
ari kuchengetedza madziro Kongiri yakasimbiswa, riprap, ivhu rakasimbiswa, kana zvimiro zveMSE zvinochengeta kudzvanywa kwepasi uye kubvumira kuwedzera kwakachengeteka kwenzvimbo inogona kushandiswa. Mumapurojekiti ekugara, anosarudzwa nekuda kwekugara kwavo uye mukana wekubatanidza mapeji akadai sedombo kana zvinomera.
ari mesh zvipingamupinyi (Yakamisikidzwa kana yakasungirirwa) bvisa matombo kana marara anoyerera uye anoiswa munzira yekudonha kana pazasi pemateru. Pazvivakwa zvine nzira dzemumakomo kana mikombero pamusoro penzvimbo dzekupinda, ivo vanopa yakawedzera chengetedzo.
- MSE zvipingamupinyi uye madziro: modular zvigadziriso zvekusimbisa pasi, yakakwirira kuramba uye nekukurumidza kusangana.
- Mesh zvipingamupinyi:
- Hinged zvipingamupinyi uye fenzi.
- Fixed anchored zvipingamupinyi uye fenzi.
Geotechnical zvidzidzo, zvinhu uye cheki
Hapana chirongwa chakakomba chemateru pasina a geotechnical kudzidza iyo inotsanangura lithologies, mazinga emvura, kuramba, stratification, uye zvinogona kukundikana nzvimbo. Ongororo iyi inotungamira dhizaini, inodzivirira kushandisa zvakanyanya, uye inoderedza njodzi yekusashanda mhinduro.
Kugadzikana kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu (geological, hydrogeological, geotechnical, kushushikana kwechisikigo uye kusagadzikana-kushushikana mamiriro ehuwandu) uye zvinhu zvinokonzeresa (static overloads, mitoro ine simba, mamiriro ekunze). Kunzwisisa kuti chii chiri kubasa uye sei chinokubvumira kuti usarudze nzira yakakodzera uye kutsanangura chirongwa chekuchengetedza.
Uyezve, nzvimbo inoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva nekuda kwemvura, kusanaya kwemvura, kana kudengenyeka kwenyika. Naizvozvo, zvinotevera zvinokurudzirwa: periodic ongororo uye kuongororwa kwemvura, zvinomera uye zvigadziriso zvinhu, kunyanya mushure mezvikamu zvemadutu ane simba.
Mitemo yemvura: dhiraivha uye kudzora kwemvura
Muvengi akanyarara wepamateru chero ipi zvayo imvura: inozadza, inorema, uye inoderedza simba rekugera. Kuisa a mvura yakakwana (mapombi emvura, migero yekorona, madhiri eCalifornia, spillways, geocomposites) yakakosha semadziro kana mesh.
Mudzimba, dhizaini yakanaka inofunga kuunganidza mvura inonaya pamusoro pechikomo, kuitenderedza pasina kudzura materu, nekuidzivirira kubva. tafura yemvura Sunda pasi kumashure kwemadziro. Izvi zvinoderedza kumanikidzwa, zvinodzivirira kupfava, uye zvinowedzera hupenyu hwemhinduro.
Geosynthetics inoshanda: geocells uye geotextiles
Geocells vakawana mukurumbira nekuda kwekugona kwavo ku simbisa kuzadza Mumateru uye chiteshi chenji, ivo vanoderedza kukukurwa uye vanovandudza hydraulic performance. Anozadzwa nematombo, jecha, dombo, kongiri, kana kuti zvinomera, zvichienderana nechinangwa.
Pamateru ane zvinomera, geocells anobatsira chengetedza substrates nemidziVanodzivirira kubva pakurasikirwa nezvidimbu, uye vanodzivirira migero kana nzizi, kunyangwe pamateru kana nzvimbo dzine kuyerera kwakadzika.
- Materu ane zvinomera:
- Kuchengetwa kwemiti yemiti uye matombo anozadza.
- Kusimbisa kupikisa kwechisikigo kukukurwa kwevhu munzvimbo yemidzi.
- Kudzivirirwa kwemakoronga uye kuumbwa kwemvura.
- Inobatsira zvakanyanya pamateru ane mhepo inoyerera.
- Makomo asina zvinomera:
- Ivo vanovandudza kudzivirira kwekukurwa kwezvinhu zvegranular.
- Ivo vanobvisa hydraulic simba uye kudzivirira kudzika kutama kwezvikamu.
- Vanopa kushanduka kwemaitiro kuburikidza nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera majoini.
Yakasanganiswa ne geotextiles uye madhiraini masisitimu, geocells inopa yakangwara uye inoshanda mhinduro inobatanidza zvakanaka munzvimbo dzekugara, pamwe nekugona hydroseeding o kudyarwa kwemarudzi echivanhu nokuda kwekupedzisa kwechisikigo.
Hybrid mhinduro uye nekukurumidza mhinduro
Munzvimbo dzine njodzi huru, kazhinji zvine hungwaru kubatanidza matanho anoshanda uye asingaiti. Muenzaniso wakajairika ndeyekusanganisa anchored mesh maketeni korona ine zvipingamupinyi zvekudzika kwemvura, kana kusimbisa nzvimbo ine mbambo uye, netsoka, kuvaka rusvingo rweMSE.
Mafemu ehunyanzvi ane makumi emakore echiitiko aratidza kuti, mukutarisana nenjodzi dziri pedyo, mazhinji emhinduro idzi anogona kugadzirwa uye kuiswa mukati menguva dzakasimba kwazvo, kudzikamisa mamiriro aripo neachauya, uye kudzikisira kukuvadzwa kubva kuzviitiko zvisingatarisike.
Mhosva chaiyo: kusikwa-kwakavakirwa kudzikamiswa paA-136 (Saint Helena)
Chirevo chinonakidza, chinoshanda kune nzvimbo dzekugara dziri kutsvaga kubatanidza basa munzvimbo, ndiko kupindira kwekuyedza pa km 3,650 ye A-136 muSanta Elena (Biescas), yakasimudzirwa mukati meEuropean project PHUSICOS (HORIZON 2020) nePyrenean Observatory yeClimate Change.
Nzvimbo iyi yakatambura nematombo, matombo, uye marara maduku aiyerera aigona kusvika kumugwagwa. Zano raive rekutsiva hurongwa hwe anchored metal mesh yakatoderedzwa nemhinduro ye masikirwo-based solutions: kusikwa kwemateru ane gabions yemapuranga, kuvandudzwa kwemvura, kugadzirisa ivhu uye kumera nemarudzi ekwaanogara.
Pakazara, zvinotevera zvakaurayiwa 10 terraces ine hupamhi hudiki hwemamita maviri, iine huni hwepaini muchimiro chegabion. Yekutanga nhanho yemateru yakasanganiswa ne riprap madziro pasina kongiri. Pamberi pacho, kuchenesa nekudzikamisa kwakaitwa kubvisa zvinhu zvisina kugadzikana uye kutenderera kwechinguva kwakagoneswa nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenzira.
Kuita kwakafukidza chikamu che 150 M gomo, nevamwe 40 m musiyano mukukwirira uye avhareji yemateru anodarika 80%, isina zvinomera uye nekukukurwa kwevhu uye kucherechedzwa kwakatwasuka. Mari yacho yaive 543.323,05 € (VAT inosanganisirwa) muchikamu chekutanga uye 94.985 € Chikamu chechipiri chakatsaurirwa kupedzisa terraces uye revegetation.
Kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedza mugwagwa, iyo poindi yakaratidza kuderera kuoneka uye shanduko yegradient, ine inofungidzirwa AADT ye 4.151 motokari pakati peBiescas neEscarrilla. Iyo purojekiti yakashanyirwa nevadzidzi vepasirese doctoral uye master's sainzi yezvakatipoteredza, civil engineering, uye landscape architecture, kusimbisa hunhu hwayo. kuedza uye zvitsva.
Kubva kuhofisi kusvika kumunda: maitiro ehunyanzvi uye mhinduro dziripo
Maitiro chaiwo anotanga padhesiki remugadziri: dzidza rudzi rwevhu nenheyoKuunganidza ruzivo mumunda uye mamiriro ekuenzanisa. Kugadzira iyi yekutanga ongororo inotibvumira kuona zvinhu zvinochengetedza kugadzikana kwemateru (geological, geometric, hydrogeological, uye geotechnical) uye sarudza mhinduro yakakodzera pane yega yega.
Mudzimba, dzinoshandiswa kubva geogrids, geotextiles uye mechanic anchors kusanganisira dynamic mesh, yakasimbiswa kongiri madziro, micropile madziro, uye akasimbiswa evhu madziro. Iyo yekupedzisira, mukuwedzera kune yayo tekinoroji mabhenefiti, inomira kunze kwekubatanidzwa kwayo uye yakaderedzwa yekuona maitiro, ichipa imwe nzira yezve ecological kune yakazara dhizaini.
Semuenzaniso wekushandisa, pane imwe nzvimbo paCosta del Sol (Málaga), sarudzo dzekudzikamisa materu, yakasimbiswa kongiri inochengetedza madziro, micropile madziro uye akaongororwa. masvingo evhu akasimbiswakutsvaga kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro uye mufananidzo wekupedzisira wakasarudzika.
Kupedzisa uye aesthetics: kubatanidza mhinduro mumba
Kunze kwe“zvisingaoneki,” “zvinooneka” zvinokoshawo zvikuru. Zvichienderana nehurongwa, pane akafumura kongiri kuperaKuvhara kwematombo kana kusanganiswa kwezvinomera mhinduro (kusanganisira hydroseeding) isarudzo. Pazvivakwa zvekugara, sarudzo idzi dzinobvumira kuenzana pakati pekuchengetedza nekugadzirisa nyika.
Sarudzo yekupedzisa inofanirwa kufunga nezvezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedza, uye kuti mvura ichaita sei nekufamba kwenguva. zvirimwa zvemuzvarirwo Iyo inoderedza kukukurwa, inopa zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye inovandudza kubatanidzwa kwekuona, nepo dombo rechisikigo rinopa risingaperi aesthetic uye kusimba kukuru.
Kukura kwechiito uye nzvimbo
Zvikwata zvehunyanzvi zvehunyanzvi zvinoronga uye kuita mapurojekiti munzvimbo dzakawanda, nekugona kushanda muSpain yose Pasi pechirongwa chakabvumirana uye logistics. Kuve nekuvapo kwenyama kunzvimbo dzakati wandei kunomhanyisa kushanya uye mhinduro.
LLEIDA
C/ Baró de Maials, 20 – entlo. 2
25005, Lleida
LLEIDA
La Noguera Industrial Estate
C/ de la Industria, 5
25670, Térmens, Lleida
LLEIDA
INNOVATION CENTRE
C/ Joan Oro, 12
25162, Alcanó, Lleida
MADRID
C/ Azuela, 48 – 1st floor, hofisi 1F. Pol. P29
28400, Collado Villalba
Complementary services: kuyedza uye kutonga kwemhando
Kunatsa dhizaini uye kusimbisa zvigadziriso, kuve ne makemikari ekuongorora murabhoritari Mumvura nevhu, zvinobatsira zvakanyanya. Kubva pakukura kwechidimbu uye kuongororwa kwefaindi kusvika kumakemikari paramita anokanganisa kusimba kwezvinhu, bvunzo idzi dzinovandudza kuita sarudzo uye kutonga kwekuvaka.
Kana iwe uchida kusimbisa zvinhu zvekuzadza, tarisa mvura yemvura, kana gadzirisa dhizaini zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yemumunda, marabhoritari kubasa rako inomhanyisa maitiro. mhinduro nekugadzirisakufambisa basa rakachengeteka uye rinonyanya kushanda.
Sector ruzivo uye nguva dzekuita
Chiitiko chakaunganidzwa kwemakumi emakore emapurojekiti ekudzikamisa kutsetseka kunobatsira kumisa maitiro kare ita nekukurumidza Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukurumidzira, kuputika kwakanangwa, kana kukwira basa rekuchenesa. Chiitiko ichi chinotibvumirawo kuti tipe mazano anoshanda uye asingaite masanganiswa akagadzirirwa njodzi yechero chiitiko.
Munzvimbo dzekugara, kuchinjika uku kunoshandura kuita kushomeka kudiki, nguva dzakasimba, uye kuchinjika zviri nani kune zvinodiwa zvekusvikika, mazinga eruzha, uye kugarisana nehupenyu hwemazuva ese hwemhuri kana kushamwaridzana kwevaridzi vedzimba. Chinokosha ndechekugadzirisa chirongwa chebasa kune zvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekunze.
Inowanzobvunzwa mibvunzo
Chii chaizvo chinonzi slope stabilization?
Ndiyo seti yematekiniki anodiwa simbisa nzvimbo dzakatenuka kudzivirira kukoromoka kwevhu kana matombo, kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwedzimba, migwagwa yekupinda uye masevhisi ari pedyo.
Chidzidzo chekutanga chinodiwa here usati wafunga nezvemhinduro?
Ehe. Nguva dzose ipfungwa yakanaka kuita a geotechnical analysis yenzvimbo kuti ikwane saizi uye sarudza iyo yakakwana nzira, kudzivirira kuwandisa kana kupfupika.
Ndeapi mapedzi andingasarudza kuita kuti itaridzike?
Pane zvingasarudzwa se kongiri yakafumurwaKuvhara kwematombo kana kusanganiswa kwezvinomera mhinduro (semuenzaniso, hydroseeding) isarudzo. Chisarudzo chinoenderana nenharaunda uye inodiwa kuchengetedza.
Iwe unoshanda chete muCatalonia?
Kwete. Vanourayiwa mapurojekiti muSpain yese nekuronga kwekutanga, kugadzirisa zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi kunzvimbo yega yega.
Kugadzikana kunogona kugara kwenguva yakareba sei?
Na kuchengetedza kwakakodzera (checkups, kucheneswa kwemvura, kugadzirisa kuduku), mhinduro inogona kushanda kwemakumi emakore pasina kupindira kukuru.
Maitiro akanaka uye mienzaniso yemhinduro
Munzvimbo dzine makomo kana nzvimbo dzine materu anodzikama, unowanzoona waya mesh zvinochengeta zvinhu zvisina kusimba kuitira kuti zvisasvike kumigwagwa kana nzira. Uko kusimbiswa kwemukati kunokwanisika, anchors nezvipikiri zvinoderedza mukana wekutamisa kwakakosha nekufamba kwenguva.
Mumaguta kana maindasitiri nzvimbo, the kuchengetedza madziro (Concrete, riprap, MSE) inopa kuchengeteka uye kuronga nzvimbo. Mudzimba dzine misiyano yakakura mukukwirira, kusanganiswa kwakanyatsogadzirwa kwemadziro uye kwemvura kunogadzira sandara, mapuratifomu anofambika anowedzera kushandiswa kwechirongwa.
Kune mapurojekiti ari kutsvaga yakakura kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo, iyo masvingo evhu akasimbiswa Uye maturu ane zvirimwa ane geocells anodyidzana echisikigo, anobvumira kumera, kudzoreredza kwezvakatipoteredza uye kushomeka kwekuona kuenzaniswa nekongiri yakafumurwa.
Apo njodzi yakakwira kana nzira yekudzika iri pachena, iyo mesh zvipingamupinyi - yakagadziriswa kana kusungirirwa -, yakasanganiswa nemaketeni akadzivirirwa, inoshanda se "mambure ekuchengetedza" kubata zvidhinha nemarara isati yakanganisa uye simba risati rasvika munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Kuronga, kuchengetedza uye hupenyu hunobatsira
Kugadzikana kunobudirira kunotanga nekunyatsoongorora, kunoenderera mberi nekugadzirwa kwakagadzirirwa, uye kunobatanidzwa nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa. Ongorora iyo mvura mushure memvuraKubvisa zvinomera zvinoparadza zvinokanganisa zvinhu, uye kugadzirisa kukuvara kudiki nenguva, kunowedzera hupenyu hunobatsira uye kunoderedza mitengo.
Mudzimba, zvinokurudzirwa kubatanidza masisitimu emvura inonaya mvura, nzvimbo dzinosvikika, uye zvigadziriso zvezvirimwa zvemuno muchirongwa. kuchengetedza kwakadereraSaka, mari yekutanga inobhadhara kwemakore nekupindira kushoma.
Nguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune nyanzvi
Ukaona makorokoza pasi, mapundu pazasi pemateru. kuchinja kwemvura Kana iwe ukaona zvidhinha zvidiki zvichidonha mushure mechiitiko chekunaya kwemvura, inguva yekukumbira kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi. Kukurumidza kuongorora kazhinji kunodzivirira matambudziko makuru.
Kune zvikwata zvine ruzivo rwakananga munzvimbo dzekugara dzinogona kuongorora, kupa zano, uye kuita zvigadziriso kubva ku discrete geosynthetics kusvika kune yakasanganiswa masisitimu ane kusimbiswa kwemukati uye. perimeter containmentChinangwa chinogara chiri chekuchengetedza, chine simba shoma pahupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvinotisiya tine pfungwa yakajeka: kugadzikana kwemateru mumba hakubvi pane imwe recipe, asi pakubatanidza ruzivo rwe geotechnicalKutarisira mvura, nzira dzekuvaka, uye yekupedzisira aesthetics zvese zvakakosha kufunga. Kubva kuma anchor uye mesh kusvika kumadziro, geocells, uye zvipingamupinyi, pamwe nemasikirwo-akavakirwa mhinduro senge maturu ane zvinomera, huwandu hwesarudzo hwakakura. Nechidzidzo chekutanga, mvura yakanyatsogadzirwa, sarudzo yakanaka yemidziyo, uye kugadzirisa nguva dzose, zvinokwanisika kunakidzwa nemateru akachengeteka anosangana zvisina musono munzvimbo uye anogara kwemakumi emakore.