Nyika yetsika munyika medu yamuka kune nhau dzinosuwisa dzekurasikirwa nemunhu asingatsiviwe. Josefina Molina afa neMugovera uno kuMadrid. pazera remakore manomweAnosiya nhaka inoyerwa kwete nemafirimu nemitambo yemitambo chete, asiwo nezvipingamupinyi zvaakaputsa kune avo vakamutevera. Film Academy yakasimbisa kufa kwake, ichimutsanangura semukadzi ane chiono uye akatsunga asina kumbodzokera shure muindasitiri iyo, paakatanga, yaive yevarume chete.
Akazvarirwa muCórdoba pakutanga kweHondo yeVanhu vekuSpain, mugadziri uyu ane mativi akawanda aiziva kubva paudiki kuti kuda kwake kwaive kutaura nyaya. Kunyangwe akakurira mumhuri yakasununguka yevanhu vepakati nepakati, uko bhizinesi rababa vake rekutengesa shangu nemishonga rakavimbisa kugadzikana, amai vake ndivo vakamupa nyota yezvidzidzo zvepfungwa. Akaramba kugamuchira mugumo wemukadzi wepamba uyo sangano repashure pehondo rakanga rakamuchengetera, uye mushure mekutorwa mwoyo nefirimu hombe paakaona 'The River' yaJean Renoir, akasarudza kuti Nzvimbo yake yaive kuseri kwemakamera, kutanga chiitiko chaizomuita kuti ave mumwe wevanhu vane simba zvikuru munhau dzekuEurope dzinoona nezvemavhidhiyo.
Kudzidziswa kwakaratidzwa nekuzvivandudza uye tarenda
Nguva yake paOfficial Film School yakanga isiri nguva yakanaka, asi kutsunga kwake kwaisazombopera. Muna 1969, akaita nhoroondo nekuva mukadzi wekutanga akawana chinzvimbo cheMutungamiriri panzvimbo iyoyo, chiitiko chakakosha panguva iyoyo chakashamisa vamwe vanhu pakati pevaya vainyanya kuchengetedza tsika dzavo. Asina kutya kushorwa nevamwe mapurofesa, Molina akashandisa mafirimu ake mapfupi ekutanga kuti aongorore nyaya dzaisada kubatwa nemunhu, achigara achiisa pakati pevakadzi vaiputsa mafungiro evanhu enguva yaFranco.
Asati asvika paTV, akavandudza hunyanzvi hwake paTVE (TVE), kwaakagadzirisa mabasa ayo ava kuonekwa seanokosha paterevhizheni yeruzhinji yeSpain. Kubva pakuoma kwefirimu raKafka rinonzi 'The Metamorphosis' kusvika kuruvara rwemuno rwaMiguel Delibes rinonzi 'El camino', Josefina akaratidza kunzwira tsitsi kwakakosha. kushandura mabhuku mumutauro wekuonaYakanga isiri nzira isina matambudziko chete; yaive nzira yekutarisa nyika nerubatsiro uye zvakadzama izvo, maererano naye, vanhu vakanga vasina nekuti yakanga yapedza nguva yakareba ichiregeredza maonero evakadzi.
Mabasa akaputsa mitemo uye airatidza nguva
Kana paine zita rimwe chete rinobuda muhurukuro yega yega nezvetarenda rake, hapana mubvunzo kuti i'Función de noche' (Night Function). Rakatanga kuratidzwa muna 1981, basa iri rinotora muganhu wakajeka pakati pemafirimu enyaya nengano, richiratidza Lola Herrera naDaniel Dicenta vari mufirimu rekuti hurukuro isina kujeka uye inoshungurudza nezvemuchato wake wakakundikana. Yaiva ongororo isina kumboitika yemafirimu yakaunza nyaya dzakadai sekusagutsikana kwevakadzi pabonde uye mitoro yehukama hwevarume muhukama, chimwe chinhu chakakonzera kudengenyeka kwenyika kwetsika nemagariro muSpain.
Hatigoniwo kukanganwa nezvehupenyu hwaSaint Teresa wekuÁvila, kwaakakumbira rubatsiro kubva kuna Concha Velasco paakanga ava nesimba guru kuti aite saint waÁvila munhu. Molina aisada kugadzira mufananidzo wekare we hagiographic; aitsvaga mukadzi anopandukira uye akangwara avo vakasangana nemasimba akasimbiswa ezana remakore rechi16. Maitiro aya ekudzivirira kodzero dzevakadzi uye ekuzvibata ndiwo akaita kuti nhepfenyuro iyi ibatanidzwe zvakanyanya neveruzhinji, zvichiratidza kuti zvaikwanisika kugadzira terevhizheni yepamusoro-soro, ine ruzivo rwakadzama nekugadzirwa kwemafirimu zvizere pasina kurasikirwa nerubatsiro rwevateereri.
Kuzvipira kwakasimba kune kuenzana uye kuberekwa kweCIMA
Asi Josefina Molina haana kungozvipira chete pakugadzira mafirimu; akatorawo basa rekuita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kune avo vakamutevera. Muna 2006, aive mumwe wevakatanga sangano reAssociation of Women Filmmakers and Audiovisual Media, rinozivikanwa neCIMA. Pamwe chete nevamwe vakuru vakaita saIsabel Coixet naIcíar Bollaín, akatanga rwendo rwekuenda ku kurwisa musiyano wevanhurume nevanhukadzi muchikamu icho mabhajeti nemikana zvichiri nemazita evanhurume, zvichitora chinzvimbo chehutungamiriri hwekuremekedza senzvimbo yekuramba ichirwira.
Aiwanzotaura nehasha kuti kuva 'wekutanga' kana 'wega' kwaisava chiratidzo cherukudzo chaaida kupfeka, asi chiyeuchidzo chekuti basa rakawanda raifanirwa kuitwa. Kwaari, kuenzana kwaisava nyaya yemigove, asi yekururamisira munharaunda uye... kupfumisa tsika dzemunhuAigara achiti kana tarenda revanhu makumi mashanu muzana risinganyanyi kufungwa nezvaro, chokwadi chataiona pamafirimu chaive chisina kukwana, chisina kusimba, uye pakupedzisira, tairasikirwa nenyaya dzinoshamisa nekuda kwerusaruro rwekuti yave nguva yekuviga zvachose.
Kuzivikanwa kwakakodzera uye tsamba dzekurega basa
Mibairo yakatevera nekukurumidza kuratidza basa rake rakagara riripo uye rakanaka. Muna 2012, akava mutungamiriri wechikadzi wekutanga kugamuchira Mubairo weGoya Award for Lifetime Achievement, mubairo waakapa nemoyo wese kune vese vaaishanda navo vechikadzi avo Vakasiiwa munzira nekuda kwekusava nemikana yakafanana. Akapihwawo Mubairo weNational Film uye Medal yeGoridhe yeMerit in Fine Arts, pamusoro pekuve mugadziri wemafirimu wechikadzi wekutanga kugamuchirwa kuRoyal Academy of Fine Arts yeSan Fernando, achiputsa denga regirazi rimwe nerimwe kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake.
Mumakore ake ekupedzisira, kunyange zvazvo akasiya basa guru rekugadzira mafirimu, haana kumborega kugadzira. Akawana nzvimbo yekupotera mumabhuku, achiburitsa mabhuku enhoroondo nenhoroondo dzenhoroondo dzaimupa rusununguko rwekugadzira zvinhu rwaairambidzwa dzimwe nguva nemafirimu, nebhajeti rayo rakakura nevashandi. Aigara muchivande muBoadilla del Monte, achinakidzwa nehupenyu hwake hwese. pamudyandigere wekushanda wakakomberedzwa nemabhuku, anogara achida kubatsira kana kupa mazano kuzvizvarwa zvitsva zvevatungamiriri vechikadzi vaiuya kwaari sekunge vari kubvunza svikiro reuchenjeri neruzivo.
Kufa kwemuimbi uyu ane mukurumbira pasi rose wekuCordoban kunosiya nzvimbo isina chinhu munyika yeunyanzvi, asi nhaka yake inoramba iripo mumukadzi wese anotora kamera muSpain nhasi asinganzwe sekunge ari kupinda munzvimbo yemumwe munhu. Kumuka kwake, kuchaitwa Mugovera uno kumba kwemariro eBoadilla, kuchava nzvimbo yekusangana neshamwari, mhuri, nevamwe vaanoshanda navo kuti vagoonekana nemusiki wekupedzisira uyo Akaita kuti zvisingagoneke zvikwanisike. Nekuda kwekuoma kwake netarenda rake, tasara nemafirimu ake, mabhuku ake, uye pamusoro pezvose, kutarisa kwakajeka uye kwakashinga kwakatidzidzisa kuona nyika nemaziso ese, tichiti inzwi revakadzi, zviri nyore, rakakosha kuti tinzwisise kuti tiri vanaani.