Kunyange zvazvo maonero a Rwendo kuMars muchikepe chevanhu chaunganidzirwa kwemakore anopfuura 50, vanhu havasati vambosvika pedyo nekuita izvi ... kusvika zvino.
Munguva ichangopfuura, hurukuro pamusoro vanhu vachakwanisa rini kuwana rwendo rwekutanga kuenda kuMars nechikepe chinotungamirirwa nevatyairi vevanhu. Mhinduro inoita kunge iri padyo, kunyanya nekuda kwezvirongwa zvaElon Musk, CEO we Space X.
Unogonawo kufarira chinyorwa chedu about Mwedzi yeJupiter.
Rwendo rwemunhu kuenda kuMars, nhasi, inyaya inofarira zvikuru kunharaunda yesainzi, vanoda nzvimbo uye veruzhinji. Pasina kupokana, iyi inogona kunge iri nhanho huru inotevera kune vanhu mairi nhangemutange yekutsvaga cosmos.
Pasina mubvunzo, tiri kurarama munguva inogona kushamisa nyanzvi dzenyeredzi hurusa munhau. Hunhu hwakaita se: Hubble, Sagan naKepler vangafadzwa nekufambira mberi kwedu.
Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro pezvinhu zvakakosha zvakagadzirisa fungidziro rwendo kuenda kuRed Planet: Ndeapi nhoroondo yerwendo rwekuMars? Zvichabvira rini? Chii chatinoziva nezveMars? Tichakwanisa here kugadzira koloni yemunhu paMars?
Mars: muvakidzani wedu mutsvuku
Mars haisi muvakidzani wedu wepedyo chete nekuti iri munzira inotevera yesolar system. Zvakadaro, kuverengwa kwechinhambwe kubva kuMars kuenda kuNyika kunoenderana nenzvimbo ine mapuraneti panguva yaanotenderera zuva.
Zvakadaro, kana chinhambwe chiri pakati pemapuraneti maviri ari padyo paari padhuze ukafungwa, angori makiromita 59 miriyoni akaparadzana. Nhau dzakanaka ndedzekuti, nehunyanzvi hwedu hwazvino, kwaizova kunobvira kufukidza iri daro murwendo rwaizotora zvishomanene kupfuura mazuva 90.
Izvi zvinongoitika chete kana mapuraneti ese ari maviri achipinda "kupikisa" panguva yeperihelion yekutenderera kwavo, ndiko kuti, ari pedyo nemumwe, panzvimbo yepedyo yekutenderera kwavo nekuremekedza Zuva.
Chii chatinoziva nezveMars?
Nezve saizi yayo:
Iyo Red Planet idiki zvakanyanya pane Earth. Paequator yayo ine dhayamita inosvika makiromita 3389.5, inova inenge hafu yehukuru hwepasi redu.
Simba regiravhiti:
Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo hudiki uye kuderera kwehuremu, Mars ine huremu hwakapetwa ka4 pane pasi redu, izvo zvinokanganisa zvakananga zvimwe zvakakosha zvehupenyu hwedu. Semuyenzaniso, paMars taizongove ne38% yegiravhiti yedu iripo, izvo zvaizoita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuoma kana kumisa koloni. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kuchengeta mupfungwa kune chero mishoni..
Mamiriro ekunze:
Iyo data yakadzoserwa neMars Rover yakatsigira izvo zvakatendwa kwemakore mazhinji: mhepo yeMartian yakatetepa zvakanyanya kutsigira zvisikwa zvepasi. Kutaura zvazviri, pamusoro peMars kune isingasviki chikamu zana chemhepo yedu yepamhepo pachiyero chegungwa.
Kupisa:
Kusiyana nezvinotendwa, Mars inotonhora zvakanyanya inzvimbo kuti itsigire hupenyu hwepanyika. Kunyange zvazvo iine mwaka, kungofanana neNyika, avhareji yetembiricha pagungwa i -55°C.
Kuwanikwa kwemvura:
Muna 2015, NASA yakaita chiziviso chakakosha: akati wandei epasi pevhu emvura yemvura akawanikwa paMars. Kutsvaga mvura kwakakosha kune dzimwe nyika dziri kuuya.
Nekuda kwekushomeka kwemuchadenga, paMars hazvigoneke kuve nemusikirwo mvura yemvura pamusoro penyika. Nekudaro, data yakaunganidzwa nemamishini ekuongorora: Mars Express y Mars Recognition, zvinoratidza kuti Martian polar ice caps ine mvura yakaomeswa yakakwana kuti ivhare pasi.
Nhoroondo yerwendo rwekuenda kuMars
Mukati memakore ekuma1960, Cold War yakakuchidzira nhangemutange ine hukasha kuti ikunde solar system. Pamusoro perwendo rwakabudirira kuenda kuMwedzi muna 1969, USSR neUnited States dzaitsvaga nzira yekuenda kuMwedzi muna XNUMX. tumira vanhu mamishini kuMars. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya akaratidzirwa nemakwikwi enzvimbo.
Rimwe remapurojekiti akanyanya kukosha raive Martian Piloted Complex, basa rokuongorora raizotsvaka kutenderera nyika dzvuku nenyika mugore ra1962. Zvisinei, chirongwa chacho chakamiswa, zvichida nemhaka yokushaikwa kwetsigiro yeruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu.
Muna 1965, mushure mezvirongwa zvakawanda zvakakundikana, kuongorora Mars 4 (USA), yakatora mafoto ekutanga pedyo neMars, asi yaizokurumidza kuparadzwa.
Muna 1972, USSR yakakwanisa kuisa chinhu chekutanga pamusoro peMars: yakanga iri nyeredzi yakabata pasi uye yakakwanisa kuendesa mimwe mifananidzo pavhu reMartian, asi yakarasika maminetsi mashomanana mushure mokumhara.
Muna 1997, kuongorora kwakasvika paMars. Mars Pathfinder ne rover Sojourner. Kumhara pavhu reMartian kwakaoneswa terevhizheni. Vose vakakwanisa kuongorora nzvimbo yeMartian kwemwedzi miviri, vachiunganidza data maererano nekuumbwa kwevhu nemhepo. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza chiitiko chakakosha mumishoni yemuchadenga.
Pakupedzisira, muna 2011 basa remuchadenga rinozivikanwa se Mars Kuda kuziva. Iri boka richiri kushanda uye rakapa data rakavimbika pamusoro pekuumbwa kweinopfuura 80% yeMartian surface, pamwe chete nedheta pamusoro pezvinogona kuiswa kwemvura.
Space X uye chirongwa chekufamba kuenda kuMars
Elon Musk, muvambi uye CEO weSpaceX, kambani hombe yepasirese yemuchadenga, yakazivisa kutanga kwa2020 kuti akagadzira hurongwa tumira mamisheni ane vanhu kuMars panosvika 2024. Izvi zvinomiririra kufambira mberi kwakakosha mukuongorora muchadenga..
Urongwa hwaMusk hwekumisikidza Mars, chokwadi, huchatanga muna 2022, nekutangwa kwemaroketi ekutanga, ayo anofanirwa kumhara pamusoro peMars kuitira kuunganidza data rakavimbika pasi.
Gare gare, mugore ra2024, Space X inoronga chingave chakanakisa kubudirira kwayo: rwendo rwekuenda kuMars rwunotungamirwa nevanhu. Kuti zvizadzise izvi, Musk ari kushanda mukugadzirwa kwechitundumuseremusere chitsva chaizotsiva zvekare prototypes senge Falcon 9 uye Dhiragoni.
BFR, iro roketi richatiendesa kuMars
Kuzadzikisa chinangwa chekuda kutora vashandi kupasi dzvuku kunoda kusvetuka kukuru kwehunyanzvi hwevanhu. Elon Musk ane chokwadi chekuti anogona kuita izvi nepurojekiti yake nyowani paSpace X: Big Fucking Rocket (BFR).
Zvinoenderana nemazwi eMukuru Mukuru, ichi chingave chiridzwa chekutakura chepakati peplanetary munhoroondo yese. Iyo inogona kushandiswa zvakare uye yaizove nemutengo wakaderera wekutanga wemujaho wese wemuchadenga.
Pamusoro pezvo, roketi iri raizokwanisa kutakura nhengo dzevashandi vanosvika zana, munguva yekufamba kuenda kuMars ingangoita mwedzi mitanhatu. Roketi iri rinomiririra kubudirira mune tekinoroji yemuchadenga.
Kuti uwane simba rinodiwa, ngarava iyi ichave yakashongedzerwa ne6 Raptor injini, zvakare yakagadzirwa neSpace X kune yayo nzvimbo mishoni.
Maroketi matsva eRaptor anofambiswa nemvura methane uye okisijeni, kwete haidrojeni, semamwe maroketi aimboshandiswa neNASA. Mukuwedzera, injini, sezvimwe zvikamu zvechikepe, zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mari yekutanga.
Kufamba kuenda kuMars: Nguva
Kana hurongwa hwaMusk hwakarurama uye achipedzisa kugadzirwa kweinjini dzake itsva pamberi pa2024, maroketi matsva anogona kupedzisa rwendo rwemakiromita angangoita mamirioni makumi matanhatu mukati menguva. nguva yekufamba kuenda kuMars inofungidzirwa pakati pemwedzi mitanhatu nepfumbamwe.
Pane mutsauko mukuverenga kwenguva yerwendo nekuda kwekufamba kwemapuraneti munzira dzawo.
Vashandi vekuenda kuMars
Kubva muna Ndira 2020, NASA yakasarudza boka rakasarudzwa revakapedza kudzidza mu Chirongwa cheARTEMIS, kuitira gadziriro yevachadenga. Kunyangwe nhengo dzakadzidziswa rwendo rwunogona kuenda kumwedzi muna 2024, vanoonekwa sevanonyanya kuita basa rekuita mishoni kuMars. Kudzidziswa kwemuchadenga kwakakosha pakubudirira kwavo.
Chikwata ichi, chinoumbwa nevachairi venyeredzi gumi nevatatu, chinosanganisira vatyairi vemauto uye masayendisiti anoshanda ne: biology, aeronautical engineering, mainjiniya emagetsi, geologists, nezvimwe.
Zvipingamupinyi zvinogona kuitika parwendo kuenda kuMars
- Dambudziko rakakonzerwa nemadutu emwaranzi yezuva munzira
- Dhizaina mudziyo unokwanisa kugadzira okisijeni yakakwana kumisikidza hwaro panzvimbo yeMartian
- Negative psychological effects kune vashandi, semhedzisiro yerwendo muhusungwa kwenhambo yemwedzi yakati wandei.
- Kunda zvipingamupinyi zvezvematongerwo enyika uye zvehurumende, izvo zvinodzosera kumashure zvirongwa zvekuongorora nzvimbo yakavanzika seSpace X
- Kudzidziswa kwevachadenga vakakwana kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzesainzi, zvinodikanwa kumisikidza hwaro: geologists, biologist, fizikisi, chemist, agronomists, makanika, vashandi vekurapa, nezvimwe.
Mhedziso
Kusvika makore mashoma apfuura, kufunga kuti vanhu vaizokwanisa kufamba uye pamwe kutanga makoroni kune mamwe mapuraneti kwaiita senge nyaya yakareruka, kubva mufirimu raJules Verne kana novel.
Nekudaro, rwendo rwunobvira kuenda kuMars mukati memakore matatu kusvika mashanu anotevera anogoneka. Muenzaniso usingarambiki wenguva inoshamisa yefambiro mberi yataifanira kurarama.
