Kutaura nezvaRobert Rauschenberg zvinoreva kupinda murwendo rusina muganhu rwekugadzira. Uyu muimbi wekuAmerica haana kumbozviparadzanisa nebasa rimwe chete, achifamba zviri nyore pakati pekupenda, kuveza, uye kuita, achizova munhu anoshamisa. zambuko guru pakati pekutaura kwekutaura zvisiri izvo uye Pop Art inoputika yaizouya gare gare.
Akazvarirwa kuTexas saMilton Ernest Rauschenberg, murume akazova chiratidzo cheunyanzvi hwemazuva ano akararama hupenyu hwakazara nekusiyana. Kubva mumakore ake ekutanga akaoma nechirwere chedyslexia kukoreji kusvika panguva yake senyanzvi yepfungwa muNavy, Rauschenberg aigara aine izvozvo. kuda kuziva zvakatipoteredza kusingagutsikane, chishamiso chakamuita kuti adzidze ruzivo muzvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana uye aedze zvese zvakawira mumaoko ake.
Kudzidziswa uye makore ekuyedza
Nzira yedzidzo yaRauschenberg yaive yakasiyana-siyana. Akadzidza kuKansas City Art Institute neAcadémie Julian muParis, asi pachikoro ichi pa Koreji yeBlack Mountain uko zvinhu zvakatanga kunakidza zvikuru. Ikoko, achitungamirirwa naJosef Albers, akadzidza hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, kunyange hazvo mweya wake usina kugadzikana waigara uchitsvaga zvinhu zvisina kujairika. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya aivhiringidza, akaumba hushamwari hwakakosha nemunyori wenziyo John Cage nemunyori wenziyo Merce Cunningham, vachigadzira kubatana kwemasangano akasiyana-siyana izvo zvaizoratidza chikamu chose chebasa rake.
Mumakore ake ekutanga muNew York, Rauschenberg haana kuzeza paaiongorora abstraction. Akatanga kuita mifananidzo ye monochromatic ine mavara machena, matsvuku, uye matema, uko kwaisanyanya kutariswa neruvara chete, asiwo nekugadzirwa kwaro. Mifananidzo Michena ya1951 Aya aisangova machira asina chinhu, asi nzvimbo dzaibatana nemimvuri nechiedza chenzvimbo, zvichiita kuti muoni ave chikamu chebasa reunyanzvi. Nguva pfupi yadarika, akatora dambudziko racho kusvika parinogumira nekushandisa hunyanzvi hwake. bvisa mufananidzo waWillem de Kooning, chiito cheDadaist chakaita kuti munhu wese ataure nezvake.
Chimurenga cheCombine uye nyaya
Kana paine chinhu chimwe chete chinotsanangura hunyanzvi hwaRauschenberg, kugona kwake kusanganisa maapuro nemaorenji. Pakati pemakore ekuma50, akaunza hupenyu ku Zvinosanganisa kana ZvakasanganiswaChikumbiro chekuti kupenda kwakamira kuti sandara ndokutanga kubatanidza zvinhu chaizvo. Kubva pamatayi emotokari kusvika pamachira ekugadzira zvigamba, muimbi akabatanidza marara anobva kusangano revatengizvichikanganisa muganhu uripo pakati pechivezwa nechivezwa.
Maitiro aya aibva zvakananga kumweya waMarcel Duchamp neboka reDada, asi pamwero mukuru. Kwaari, pakanga pasina hutungamiriri; pfungwa ye "kurongeka kwakarongeka" Ndiyo kambasi yaitungamira mabasa ake. Rusununguko urwu rwakakwana rwakamubvumira kugadzira mabasa airatidza chokwadi chezuva nezuva cheUnited States, achisiya tsika yaaibatanidza netsika dzekutaura zvinhu zvisina kujairika.
Kufambira mberi kuPop Art uye nguva yekudhinda skrini
Nekusvika kwema60 uye simba revanhu vakaita saAndy Warhol, Rauschenberg akatanga kudhinda masikirini. Nzira iyi yakamubvumira tumira mifananidzo yemifananidzo kubva mumapepanhau nemagazini zvakananga pakanivhasi, vachizviisa nemavara ependi yemafuta. Mugumisiro wacho waive mifananidzo yakazara yaitevedzera kumhanya kwemashoko uye kupenya kweterevhizheni, ichiratidza kunzwisisa kwemaguta uye kwekusagadzikana.
Nguva iyi yakamupa mukurumbira wepasi rose, zvichiguma muna 1964 paakava muAmerica wekutanga kuhwina Grand Prix yeVenice Biennale. Kubva panguva iyi zvichienda mberi, Rauschenberg akanga asisiri muedzeri chete, asi sechiratidzo cheunyanzvi hwekuAmerica, achigara nhaka chigaro chevanhu vakaita saJackson Pollock asi achipa ruzivo rwakabatana zvikuru netsika dzakakurumbira.
Tekinoroji, kutamba uye maonero epasi rose
Rauschenberg aisambogutsikana nekudzidza. Kuda kwake tekinoroji kwakaita kuti atange sangano reEAT (Experiments in Art and Technology) muna 1966, kwaakashanda pamwe chete nemainjiniya kubva kuBell Laboratories kuenda ku batanidza ruzha, chiedza uye kufamba munzvimbo dzayo. Mabasa akadai se "Oracle" akava mabasa ekudyidzana aida kuti veruzhinji vatore chikamu, vachitarisira kuiswa kwemultimedia kwemazuva ano kwemakumi emakore.
Basa rake semugadziri wemaseti uye mugadziri wemadhirezi raivewo rakanaka. Akashanda pamwe chete nekambani yekutamba yaMerce Cunningham, vachigadzira maseti ayo, chaizvoizvo, aive kuwedzerwa kweMisanganiswa yavo pachikuva. Kwaari, hupenyu neunyanzvi zvaive zvakafanana, uye pfungwa iyoyo yakapararira mumapurojekiti ake makuru, akadai seROCI (Rauschenberg Overseas Cultural Interchange), rwendo rwekupfuura nenyika gumi nerimwe kuti asimudzire Hurukuro dzetsika nekodzero dzevanhu kuburikidza nehunyanzvi.
Makore mashoma apfuura paCaptiva Island
Muna 1970, akasarudza kuchinja ruzha rweManhattan nerunyararo rweCaptiva Island, Florida. Kuchinja uku kwenzvimbo kwakaratidzwa mumhando yake yemavara, iyo yakava yakajeka zvikuru. Akatanga kuyedza machira echisikigo, machira uye bepaachisiya mifananidzo yemuguta iri. Padanho iri, kutora mifananidzo kwakava chinhu chikuru zvakare, asi zvino achishandisa mifananidzo akazvitora iye pachake panzvimbo pemapepanhau.
Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, akatanga mapurojekiti makuru akadai se "The ¼ Mile kana 2 Furlong Piece," basa rekuongorora zvakaitika shure iro rakapfupisa basa rake rese. Akaongororawo kudhinda kwedhijitari neIris printer uye kugadzirwa kwemifananidzo yakapendwa papurasita yakanyorova. Robert Rauschenberg akasiya nyika ino muna 2008, achisiya nhaka yerusununguko rwekugadzira uye chivimbo chekuti Kunzwisisa ndicho chishandiso chakanakisa kugadzira chimwe chinhu chichagara chiri chitsva.
Muimbi uyu ane mativi akawanda akachinja tsika yekuona yemuzana remakore rechi20 nekubatanidza marara, tekinoroji, uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva mumamiziyamu. Kubva pamakaseti ake machena anovhiringidza kusvika pakuchinjana kwake tsika dzepasi rose, nhaka yake iri mukuputsa madziro ari pakati pezvidzidzo zveunyanzvi, achiratidza kuti hunyanzvi hahuna mitemo yakatarwa uye kuti kugona kwechokwadi kunosanganisira kuziva kutamba netsaona uye chokwadi.