The Persian Violet chirimwa chine herbaceous chinosvika 30 kusvika 40 masendimita pakureba chine zita resainzi rekuti. cyclamen persicum, Iyo ndeyemhuri yePrimulaceae uye inozvarwa, sezvinotaura zita rayo, kuPersia kuMiddle East, kugoverwa kwayo kunosanganisirawo Alps yeEurope, munyaya ino iwe uchadzidza nezvekutarisira kwePersian Violet nekudiridza kwayo.
The Persian Violet
Iyo Persian Violet, inozivikanwawo seCyclamen neAlpine violet, ine zita resainzi re cyclamen persicum, Icho chirimwa chine herbaceous chinoyera pakati pe 30 kusvika 40 centimeters, iyo inoratidzwa nekutumbuka mukati memwedzi yechando, iyo inoita kuti inakidze zvikuru nokuti kune zvishoma zvinomera zvinotumbuka panguva iyoyo.
Maruva eViolet wePezhiya, ane mapeti makuru anovhara rimwe pamusoro peimwe achipa chimiro chakati kumaruva ayo, mavara emaruva anosiyana kubva kune machena, pink, yepepuru, salmon uye tsvuku. Mashizha ayo ane maumbirwo emwoyo ane petiole refu uye chikamu chepamusoro chemashizha chine mavara esirivha achigadzira imwe kana imwe muenzaniso. Icho chirimwa chinogona kurarama kwemakore akawanda, kana kuchengetedza kwakakwana.
Munguva yezvinomera zvinopa nguva yekurara mumwedzi inodziya yegore, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoshanduka sezvo tembiricha inotanga kudonha uye hunyoro hunowedzera nekunaya kwemvura. Icho chimwe chezvishoma zvinomera zvine maruva mumwedzi inoitika mumwaka wekuvhuvhuta, chando uye kutanga kwechirimo. Saizvozvowo, hukuru hwemaruva ayo hunoonekwa huduku mumiti yekare kudarika mumiti miduku, umo maruva ayo makuru. Chirimwa ichi chinoda hari diki pane maruva.
Kutarisirwa
Kana Persian Violet inokura mudzimba, dzimwe nguva zvidyarwa izvi zvinogara zvishoma, sezviri pachena nekuti zvinokanganiswa nekudziya kwekudziya kwenzvimbo yavanoisirwa. Kana iwe uchida kunakidzwa nenhamba huru yemaruva akazaruka kazhinji yenguva, zvinokurudzirwa kutenga chirimwa chine maruva akawanda emaruva ari munzira yekuibva kuti avhure. Kuti iyo Persian Violet igadzirise zvakanaka mudzimba, inofanirwa kuve neanotevera mamiriro:
Kuvhenekera: Iwo zvinomera zvinokura zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzinosvika zuva padzisina kunanga, saka inofanirwa kukura munzvimbo dzisina kujeka zuva, nekuda kweizvi zviri nani kana uchikura mubindu kuti uiise muhari kana kuidyara pasi pevhu. miti. Kana ichikura munzvimbo mukati memba kana greenhouse, tsvaga pedyo nenzvimbo inowana chiedza chakanyanya maawa ezuva.
Kuitira kuti tembiricha yainowana irambe ichitonhorera zvishoma, zvinokurudzirwa kuiwana, kana yarimwa mumba, panzvimbo yakatarisa kuchamhembe woiisa pedyo nehwindo kuitira kuti iwane mhepo, nguva dzose ichidzivirira kubva pakugamuchira chiedza. zuva. Kuchengetedza kunofanira kutorwa kuti uiise pedyo nemwenje, nzvimbo yemoto, chitofu kana chero imwe nzvimbo yekupisa, nokuti simiti inorara, maruva ayo anodonha uye mashizha anozaruka.
Maererano nevarimi vakati wandei, zvirimwa izvi zvinokura zvakanyanya patembiricha dzakasiyana, zvichienderana nedanho rekukura uye nguva yegore. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi vakati wandei, tembiricha yakakwana yezvirimwa izvi iri pakati pe12°C kusvika 20°C, mushure mekudyara inotsigira tembiricha iri pakati pe16 kusvika 18°C. Saizvozvowo, mumwaka wezhizha, tembiricha yakakwana inoita kunge iri pakati pe18°C 20°C uye, kana tembiricha inotanga kudzikira, idzo dzinonyatsoitsigira dziri pakati pe12°C ne15°C, kubva mumwedzi waGumiguru. iyo inotanga kubuda kwayo.
ambient humidityl: Zviri nyore kukura Persian Violet munzvimbo ine hunyoro hwakanaka uye nzvimbo inotonhorera, inokurudzirwa kuisa pombi pandiro ine jecha rakanyorova, kuchengetedza chirimwa ichitonhorera pasina kuvhara ivhu. Nguva yekudyara. Chirimwa ichi chinokurudzirwa kudyarwa pakati pezhizha kusvika pakupera kwezhizha, izvi zvichabatsira Persian Violet kuti itumbuke zvakanaka mumwedzi yekudonha kana kutanga kwechirimo.
Subscriber kana fertilization: Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa fetereza nefetireza yemvura mumvura yekudiridza mavhiki maviri kusvika matatu ega ega (mazuva gumi nemashanu kana makumi maviri), panguva yekukura kwayo uye danho rekutumbuka, inofanira kunge iri nitrogen fetireza yakaderera uye nenzira iyi kukura kwechirimwa kunodzorwa. mashizha. Zviri nyore kuisa fetereza uko huwandu hwenitrogen, phosphorus uye potassium hunochengetedzwa mukuenzanisa nekuti iyo yekupedzisira yakakosha pakutumbuka.
ivhu aeration: Ivhu rinofanira kuva rakareruka kuitira kuti pave nemhepo yakanaka. Kana maruva apera, zvinokurudzirwa kubvisa mashizha kubva kuPersian Violet chirimwa, mashizha anodhonzwa kusvikira tsinde ichibva kune bulb, nechinangwa chekubvisa chero chikamu chemuti uye naizvozvo haisati yaiswa kune zvirwere. Saizvozvowo, kana maruva apera, ndiko kuti, apo maruva nemashizha anooma uye anonyangarika, ivhu rinoshandurwa, uye ivhu rakagadzirwa uye peat zvinoiswa kuitira kuti musanganiswa urambe uine mhepo uye spongy.
Izvi zvinoitwa kana mwedzi mina kusvika ku4 yapfuura mushure mekudyara chirimwa chePersian Violet, uye chine mashizha gumi kusvika gumi nemaviri, inogona kutamirwa kuhari ye5-10 centimita muhupamhi uyezve kune imwe pakati pegumi nemaviri kusvika gumi nemana masendimita. mudhayamita. Kusimwa uku kunogonawo kuitwa zvakananga kuhari yakananga, ichiita kutonga kwakanaka kwekudiridza uye kubereka, uchishandisa substrate yakaenzana kana ivhu. Kana wadyarwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera fetereza inogara kwenguva refu pamwe chete ne substrate.
Kana iwe uri kukura minicyclame, kurima kwayo kwakananga muhari yekupedzisira ye8 kusvika 9 cm. substrate kana ivhu. Zvinokurudzirwa kudyara Persian Violet mu substrate kana ivhu rine acidic ine pH iri pedyo ne6.
Kudiridza
Iyi simiti inonyanya kudiridzwa ne capillarity, kudzivirira kukuvadza mashizha nemaruva. Ndiko kuti, usadiridza zvirimwa kubva kumusoro nechirongo chekudiridza, kana kudiridza ivhu. Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa mvura muchirongo chebindu pasi pepoto uye kuti mwero wemvura unyorovese ivhu, pasina kuwanda kwemvura kudarika girobhu. Mvura inozokwanisa kupinda nemumakomba ari muhari yonyorovesa ivhu. Mushure meminiti kusvika kumaminitsi maviri apfuura, ndiro inobviswa. Nenzira iyi mvura yakawandisa inodonha. Kudiridza kakawanda. Inodiridzwa kana yabata pasi uye paoma.
Kuparadzira uye Kuwanza
Horticulturists vanotengesa zvidyarwa zvePersian Violet vanozviparadzira chete nembeu, iyo inowanikwa nevarimi vane hunyanzvi, nekuti kuwana mhodzi yePersian Violet kwakaoma, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kumera kwavo muzana kunoderera kutenderera kwegore rechitatu. Kuparadzira nembeu, 3-centimeter multilocular trays inoshandiswa, uye kana mbeu dzaiswa, dzinofukidzwa nevhu shoma kana substrate inoshandiswa.
Iyo pH yevhu kana kuti substrate inonzi inenge 6. Kuti uvandudze hutano hwekudya kwe substrate kana ivhu, zvinokurudzirwa kuisa fetereza ine micronutrients yakawanda uye svondo rinotevera diluted fetireza inoshandiswa pamvura yekudiridza, pamwe chete. madiki macronutrients ane yakaderera muzana ye nitrogen uye yakakwirira muzana ye phosphorus ne potassium.
Persian Violet ine nguva yekumera ingangoita mavhiki mana, tembiricha yakakodzera inosvika 4°C kusvika 18°C, ingangoita 20°C uye yepamusoro 15°C. Paunenge uchishandisa dzimba dzekumera dzakasviba patembiricha ye22°C. Mushure memazuva makumi masere kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe, mashizha ekutanga echokwadi anooneka. Kuti uwane mahybrids matsva ane kuvandudzwa kwemajini, zvinodikanwa kushanda pamwe nekuparadzira kurimwa ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai, nokukamura corms.
Tsika
Kuti vabatsire kuhutano hwavo, maruva akaoma kana akasvava uye mashizha anobviswa, kudzivirira maparasite kubva pavari. Kuti uite maruva ayo kana chirimwa chagadzirwa, edza kuisa Persian Violet pane tembiricha iri pakati pe13°C kusvika 15°C usiku. Kumwe kurapwa ndiko kushandiswa kwepakati pe20 kusvika ku30 ppm yeGA3 pakorona yemaruva, nguva dzose ichiedza kusaita kuti peduncles iite.
Hunhu hwePersian Violet
The Persian Violet chirimwa chine bulb-sedzinde, ine perennial life cycle, ine avhareji kureba pakati pe 30 kusvika 38 centimeters. Kune zvakare ma cultivars kana madiki akasiyana, anonzi minicyclame. Kufanana nehombe, dzine maruva ane mavara akajeka zvikuru. Tubercle yaro ine ruvara rwakasvibira uye yakatenderera uye yakati sandarara.
Mashizha ayo akaita moyo uye ane nyama pakuonekwa ane refu petiole. Inoratidzira mashizha akasvibira akasvibira ane mavara esirivha-mavara anoratidza mumhando dzakasiyana. Maruva ayo ari ega uye hermaphrodite. Ivo vanozvarwa pamagumo e peduncle, vane mapeti mashanu ane wavy chimiro, ane velvety magadzirirwo, ayo akarongedzerwa kumashure uye mapeti awo anogona kuve emhando dzakasiyana nyoro, kubva chena, pink, salmon, tsvuku tsvuku, yepepuru. . Nguva yekutumbuka kwayo kubva mumatsutso kusvika muchirimo. Zvibereko zvawo ma capsules anokura pakati pemwedzi mina kusvika ku4 kuti akure.
Inopinda munzvimbo yakarara mumwaka wezhizha nekuda kwekudziya kwayo uye hunyoro hwepamhepo, inomuka zvakare kana tembiricha yadonha uye mvura yotanga kunaya. Kana ikachengetwa zvakanaka, Persian Violet inogona kurarama kwemakore akati wandei. Inoparadzirwa mumwaka yose yegore. Zviyero zveVioleta de Persia zvinotengeswa pakati pemwedzi waGumiguru kusvika Kukadzi.
Kusiyana
Pakati pemhando kana marudzi akasiyana-siyana pane akati wandei anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzekuchengetera vana uye greenhouses, pakati peakasiyana emhando ndeaya: Type "Pastel" iyo yakagadzirwa muGermany, France neBelgium, yakakosha mukutengeserana. Mamwe marudzi ndi "Johan Strauss" pamwe ne "J. Brahms” mukuwedzera kune mamwe mazita evaimbi. Kune mhando dzemhando yepamusoro kana dzinozivikanwa dzine maruva makuru. Mumhando iyi ndiyo inonzi "Aaalsmeer" ine chinyorwa "Rosa de Zalendorf", "Harlequin"; "Sylphire", "Cardinal" nevamwe.
Kunze kwemhando idzi, mahybrids anotevera akabudawo: F1 Hybrids, ine mitsetse yakasiyana yeboka rega rega rembeu: «Firmament», «Mhandara», «Concerto», «Carmen», «Pastourelle», «Rosamunde, uye nevamwe. Miniature mhando, nekuwedzera kukosha: «Syrius», «Willie», «Brigitte», «Collete», «Anglia». "Rococo" mhando, iyo yakasimwa zvakanyanya makore makumi maviri apfuura.
Denda uye Zvirwere
Izvi zvinomera zvinonyanya kutarisana nezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nefungi zvinogona kukuvadza maPersian Violets, kunyange vasati vaberekwa kana kunyange mushure mekugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuita maitiro ekurima akadai sekuuraya utachiona hwe substrate, kutarisa kudiridza uye dosi. yefetereza, kunyanya mumwedzi inotonhora, pakati pezvimwe. Zvirwere zvinogona kuitika uye zvipembenene zvinozvirwisa zvinotsanangurwa pasi apa.
Zvirwere
Grey kuora: Pakati pezvirwere izvo Persian Violet inogona kutambura, Botrytis inozivikanwa, chirwere chinogadzirwa nefungus. Botrytis cinerea. Zviratidzo ndiko kukura kweashy-ruvara mold, iyo inoonekwa pa petioles yemashizha ayo uye pa peduncles yemaruva, ane mavara akafanana eashy kuonekwa anogona kuonekwa pamaruva emaruva. Kudzivirira Persian Violet zvinomera kubva kurwara kubva Botrytis cinerea, zvinokurudzirwa kudzivisa kunyorovesa chirimwa pavanenge vachidiridza. Bvisa mashizha apo madota anokonzerwa nefungus anoonekwa. Isa fungicide sprays.
Mushure mekumera, mbeu dzinogona kukuvadzwa ne Phythium debaryanum Hesse uye Rhizoctonia solani Kühn inokanganisa madzinde ari kuora uye kusvava mazuva mashoma mushure mekumera. Kurapa kwefungus idzi kunodzivirira, kuburikidza nekuita sterilization yevhu kana imwe substrate.
Iyo howa Thielaviopsis basicola Berk inokonzera chirwere che "root rot", zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvinopera uye chlorosis yemashizha, panguva imwechete iyo simiti inomira kukura semugumisiro wekukuvadza kunokonzerwa nemudzi. Mushonga wekudzivirira wechirwere ichi ndeye disinfection ye substrate, kuziva kusafashama kwe substrate kana ivhu, kana kushandisa fetiraiza yakawandisa, kuderedza kuwanda kwekudiridza, kunyanya munguva yekuvhuvhu nechando.
Rhizome kuora: Zvinokonzerwa nefungus Fusarium oxysporum Schel, zviratidzo ndeye chlorosis yenhengo dzefoliar uye zvinotokonzera kufa kwePersian Violet. Kuti udzivise chirwere ichi, kudzora kwekudzivirira kunofanirwa kuitwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuuraya hutachiona substrate, disincorporate inorwara Persian Violet zvirimwa uye nguva nenguva kuchenesa masora uye zvinorwara zvinomera.
Kuora kwemidzi, rhizomes uye petioles: Chirwere ichi chinokonzerwa nefungus rinonzi Cylindrocarpon radicicola Wr. Zvinogoneka kuti fungus inoratidzika nekuda kwemaitiro asina kunaka ekurima akadai sekuwanda uye kunwisa nguva dzose, kusanaya kwemvura, kubereka ne nitrogen yakawanda uye nezvimwe.
Zvipembenene
Persian Violets inogona kukanganiswa ne mite senge Stenotarsonemus pallidus, mite iyi inorwisa zvichiita kuti mashizha nemaruva zvioneke zvakaunyana. Mukuwedzera kune iyi mite, Persian Violets inorwiswawo ne spider mite, aphid uye thrips. Kuti udzivise kurwiswa kwavo, zvinokurudzirwa kuita kurapa kwekudzivirira uye kushandisa acaricides uye zvipembenene panguva yekugadzirira substrate nekuchengetedza zvirimwa.
Thrips Attacks: Kuruma kunoita kuti mashizha aite tsvuku uye akuvadzwa nekurumwa kweTrips, izvo zvinoonekwa nenhamba huru yemadota matema, ayo ave madonhwe ezvipembenene izvi. Kudzora kwaro kunoitwa nemushonga wezvipembenene.
Kurwiswa neWeevils Otirrhynchus rugosostriatus: Iri i bete diki rinokuvadza mashizha nekuruma kumacheto. Kana vasvika pachinhanho chavo chevakuru vanenge vatema kana kusviba, saizi yavo ikareba mamirimita mashoma. Mapere echipembenene ichi anogara pasi pevhu uye anodya midzi, achiisvibisa uyewo ma bulbs ePersian Violets. Kudzora kurwiswa kwayo kana uchitarisa mashizha akatsemurwa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa mushonga wezvipembenene wakadai se "malathion" kana imwe phosphorous. Iko kushandiswa uye dhizimusi kunoitwa zvinoenderana nezvinoratidzwa pane inouraya zvipembenene label.
kurwisa gonye: Ndivo makonye e plusia sp., pamwe chete nemamwe makonye kana mhute, kutonga kwayo kunofanira kuitwa muchikamu chevechidiki pavanenge vari vashoma, izvi zvinoitwa nekupfapfaidza zvirimwa nechigadzirwa chakadai se "Lindano". Makonye e grey kana donut anodya padzinde rePersian Violets pahuro padyo nepamusoro pevhu. Zvinokurudzirwa kuisa zviredzo kuti zvirwiswe. Kumwe kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nenematodes yerudzi rweMeloidogyne.Kune izvi, nematicide inofanira kuiswa muvhu uye mushonga wekuuraya utachiona muvhu unofanirwa kuitwa.
Physiological Disorders
Kunyanya kudiridza kunofanira kudziviswa nokuti zvinogona kuitika kuti kana maruva maruva ematanda anonyorova uye zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwevhu rakazara nemvura nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemvura. Zvinogonawo kuitika kuti madzinde anoshanduka yero kana kuti madzinde anoora nguva pfupi mushure mekunge zvirimwa zvatengwa, izvi zvinoitika nekuti kana uchitenga maruva mumwaka wekuvhuvhu kana wechando, mugreenhouse pane tembiricha uye kana ichiendeswa kudzimba inodziya. nekuda kwekupisa, simiti inobatwa uye inoonekwa ne chlorosis yemashizha.
Kuti udzivise izvi, zvirimwa zvinofanirwa kujairana kumba kutanga, zvinoiswa pedyo nemahwindo uye mazuva gare gare, kana zvichidikanwa, munzvimbo inodziya zvishoma. Saizvozvowo, kudzivirira maruva ayo nemashizha kubva pakuora, zvinokurudzirwa kudiridza ne capillarity. Kureva kuti, mvura inoiswa mundiro uye hari inoiswa pairi kweanenge maminitsi gumi, kuitira kuti midzi inotora mvura ne capillarity sezvo ivhu rinonyorova, uye ipapo ndiro inobviswa.
Izvi zvinoitwa kana waona pasi pakaoma. Diridza kaviri pasvondo painenge ichimera uye mumwaka wechirimo nekuti iri mudormancy, inodiridzwa zvishoma. Iwe unogonawo kukura Persian Violet mubindu, sezvo inopesana nekushisa kusvika -5 ° C, kunyange zvazvo ichifanira kuchengetedzwa kubva mumwaranzi yezuva, kunyanya mumaawa ekunyanya kusimba kwechiedza chezuva.
Ini ndinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekuziva hunhu hunoshamisa uye maitiro ekuzvichengeta, uchiverenga zvinotevera zvinyorwa: